scholarly journals Evaluation of Short-Term Exposure to 2.4 GHz Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from Wi-Fi Routers on the Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samad Amani ◽  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Movahedi ◽  
Mohammad Mohebi ◽  
Fatemeh Nouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Radiofrequency Radiation ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Background: Overuse of antibiotics is a cause of bacterial resistance. It is known that electromagnetic waves emitted from electrical devices can cause changes in biological systems. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of short-term exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted from common Wi-Fi routers on changes in antibiotic sensitivity to opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. Materials and Methods: Standard strains of bacteria were prepared in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility test, based on the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, was carried out in Mueller-Hinton agar plates. Two different antibiotic susceptibility tests for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were conducted after exposure to 2.4-GHz radiofrequency radiation. The control group was not exposed to radiation. Results: Our findings revealed that by increasing the duration of exposure to electromagnetic waves at a frequency of 2.4 GHz, bacterial resistance increased against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, especially after 24 hours (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 2.4 GHz can be a suitable method for infection control and treatment. [GMJ.2020;9:e1580]

scholarly journals Antibacterial Susceptibility Pattern of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus after Exposure to Electromagnetic Waves Emitted from Mobile Phone Simulator

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M Movahedi ◽  
F Nouri ◽  
A Tavakoli Golpaygani ◽  
A Ataee ◽  
S Amani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility

Background: The increasing use of telecommunication devices such as Wi-Fi modems and mobile phones in the recent years can change the cellular structure of microorganisms so the generation of electromagnetic waves has led to concern in the community whenever be exposed to these fields and may have harmful effects on human health.Material and Methods: Standard strains of bacteria were prepared on Mueller-Hinton agar for bacterial growth to obtain 0.5 McFarland turbidity (1.5 × 108 CFU) of bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was done. For Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antibiotics susceptibility test was conducted. The test group was exposed to electromagnetic waves emitted by mobile phone simulator with a frequency of 900 MHz and the control group didin’t exposed.Results: The results revealed that increasing duration of exposure to electromagnetic waves emitted by the mobile simulators with a frequency of 900 MHz especially after 24 h of exposure, can increase bacterial resistance in S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa.Conclusion: Several factors can cause bacterial resistance against antibiotics. One of these factors is the electromagnetic waves emitted from mobile simulator with a frequency of 900 MHz, which can increase the permeability of the cell wall of bacteria.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Study of Otitis Media and Its Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabina Basnet ◽  
Sudarshan Sharma ◽  
Jid Chani Rana ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
Gram Negative

Background: Otitis Media is a prevailing and notorious infection in developing countries causing serious local damage and threating complication. Mainly in developing countries like Nepal, Otitis Media results because of illiteracy, poverty and poor hygiene. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of Otitis Media, its causative agents and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.Methods: The study included 263 pus samples from 240 patients attending ENT department of Bharatpur hospital from May 2015 to January 2016. Samples were processed in microbiology department for bacteria using standard operating protocol. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed for all bacterial isolates by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and the results were interpreted according to clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guideline.Results: Out of 240 patients, 121 were female and 119 were male. Highest incidence of Otitis Media was observed in 1-10 year age group. Out of 263 samples taken from 240 patients, 216 showed bacterial growth. Gram negative bacteria predominated and the most common bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus 36.11% followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 33.33% and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci 8.08%. All bacterial isolates were sensitive to gentamycin. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to Amikacin and gentamycin. All gram negative bacterial isolates were sensitive to Imipenem and gentamycin. 100% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sensitive to Imipenem.Conclusions: Staphylococcus aureus was the most predominant organism isolated from the pus swab followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and all the isolated organisms were sensitive to Gentamycin.

scholarly journals Detection of the Antiseptic Resistance Gene among Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
اخلاص نعمة
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a number of infections in immunocompromised patients. This organism appears to improve resistance  to many antimicrobial agents and a high percentage of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa exhibit multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype . The purpose of this study is to screen the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the prevalence of qacE delta1 gene among bacterial isolates. Accordingly, 145 samples were collected from different clinical sources from patients who admitted to different hospitals in Baghdad city in a period ranged 23/8/2018-1/1/2019. The isolates were diagnosed as P. aeruginosa based on routine bacteriological methods and confirmed by a molecular method using 16SrRNA gene. The antibiotic  susceptibility test was performed to all identified isolates by Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion method using ten  types of antibiotics. The results of antibiotics susceptibility test revealed high levels of resistance toward Piperacillin (72.22%), Trimethoprim (68%), Ceftazidime (68%), Colistin (40.28%), and Levofloxacin (33.33%). And , the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Cetrimide was tested using different concentrations (2.048 to 0.004µg/100µl) and the results showed that MIC values ranged between 2.048 and 0.016) μg/100μL, and  the concentration of  0.256 μg/100μl was more frequent . Finally, the prevalence of qacE delta1 gene among bacterial isolates was detected in percentage  63.88% among bacterial isolates .

scholarly journals The high resistance of bacteria to clindamycin and cefepime: a call to revisit antibiotics reserved for use at tertiary hospitals in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wigilya P. Mikomangwa ◽  
George M. Bwire ◽  
Manase Kilonzi ◽  
Hamu Mlyuka ◽  
Ritah Mutagonda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance poses burden to the community and health care services. Efforts are being made at local, national and global level to combat the rise of antibiotic resistance including antibiotic stewardship. Surveillance to antibiotic resistance is of importance to aid in planning and implementing infection prevention and control measures. The study was conducted to assess the resistance pattern to cefepime, clindamycin and meropenem, which are reserved antibiotics for use at tertiary hospitals in Tanzania Methods A Hospital-based antibiotic resistance surveillance was conducted between July and November 2019 using 201 consecutively selected clinical isolates at Muhimbili National Hospital and Bugando Medical Center, Tanzania. All organisms isolated were identified based on colony morphology, Gram staining and relevant biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on Muller-Hinton agar using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Antibiotic susceptibility on the selected antibiotic discs (cefepime, clindamycin and meropenem) was performed according to the protocol by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Results A total of 201 clinical samples were tested in this study. Urine (39.8%, n=80) and blood (35.3%, n=71) accounted for most of the collected samples followed by pus (16.9%, n=34). The overall bacterial resistance to clindamycin, cefipime and meropenem was 70.1%, 72.4% and 8.5% respectively. Most (88.9%) of Enterococcus spp were resistant to clindamycin. About 68.4% Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to clindamycin whereby 56.3%, 75.6%, 93.8% and 100% of the tested Escherichia coli , Klebsiella spp , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae respectively, were cefepime resistant. About 8.5% of isolated Klebsiella spp were resistant and 6.4% had intermediate susceptibility to meropenem. Also, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant by 31.2% and 25% had intermediate susceptibility to meropenem. All Acinetobacter baumannii and Proteus spp (both 100.0%, n=4) were susceptible to meropenem. Conclusion The overall bacterial resistance to clindamycin and cefepime is high and low in meropenem. Henceforth, culture and susceptibility results should be used to guide the use of these antibiotics. Antibiotics with low resistance rate should be introduced to the reserve category and continuous antibiotic surveillance is warranted.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Profile of Staphylococcus aureus on Table Eggs from Ezrad Farms in Iwo Area of Osun State

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Famubo, Joseph A. ◽  
Oladunjoye, Bunmi B. ◽  
Ogunfowora, Vitoria O.
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Aureus Isolate ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Surface swabs of the table eggs were carried out using sterile swab sticks. These were inoculated on Mannitol Salt Agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The isolates obtained were morphologically and biochemically characterized. 62% of the isolates obtained were identified as Staphylococcus aureus. 0.5 McFarland standard of each Staphylococcus aureus isolate was subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test on Muller Hinton Agar using the disc diffusion method. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by observing and measuring clear zones in millimetres. The antibiogram pattern of Staphylococcus aureus on the surface of table eggs from Ezrad farms located in Iwo, Osun State was investigated. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were 100% resistant to Augmentin and Cloxacillin while resistance to Ceftazidime, Erythromycin, Gentamycin, Ofloxacin, Cefuroxime and Ceftriaxone were at 96%, 89%, 86%, 82%, 75% and 57% respectively. This study shows high resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from eggshells to antibiotics which could pose a serious health problem.

scholarly journals Microbial Diversity and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacteria Associated with Motorcycle Helmets

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sanjeep Sapkota ◽  
Sujan Khadka ◽  
Sanjib Adhikari ◽  
Ashish Parajuli ◽  
Hemraj Kandel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Motorcycle Helmets

Background. Motorcycle helmets can serve as a potential vehicle for the transmission of pathogenic bacteria and fungi with serious health implications. The main aim of this study was to explore the microbial diversity associated with the motorcycle helmets and determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the bacterial isolates. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among the teaching staffs of Birendra Multiple Campus, Bharatpur, Nepal. A total of 130 motorcycle helmets worn by the teaching staffs of the Birendra Multiple Campus, Bharatpur, were included in the study for microbiological investigations. Results. Of the total 130 motorcycle helmets analyzed, 392 bacteria and 346 fungi belonging to seven different genera were recovered. Staphylococcus aureus 89 (22.7%) was the predominant bacteria followed by S. epidermidis 77 (19.6%) and E. coli 54 (13.8%), whereas Aspergillus niger 67 (19.4%) was the predominant fungi followed by A. fumigatus 49 (14.2%). Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by the disc diffusion method for all the bacterial isolates. Tetracycline, gentamycin, and cotrimoxazole were the most effective antibiotics for Gram-positive isolates, whereas Gram-negative isolates were sensitive towards imipenem and ciprofloxacin. Of the total bacterial isolates, 153 (39.0%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR), 10.4% were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers, and 4.3% were metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producers and, out of 89 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 30 (33.7%) were detected as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Conclusion. The findings suggest that motorcycle riders should follow good hygiene practices and regularly clean their helmets with suitable sterilants to avoid the risk of microbial contamination and reduce the associated risks.

scholarly journals Bactericidal Properties of Bacillus Subtilis Nanoparticles Against Selected Human Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Daniels ◽  
J. K. Fadairo ◽  
A. O. Fashoyin
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

The use of biologically synthesized nanoparticles has been an area of research interest in recent times. Due to the high rate of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, there is a need to search for a more potent alternative to ineffective antibiotics. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized by Bacillus subtilis against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Silver nanoparticles were obtained by dissolving 0.842 gram of AgNO3 silver nitrate into 100ml of B. subtilis in Mueller Hinton broth. The antibacterial susceptibility of the nanoparticles formed was carried out using standard methods. Comparative antibacterial test was also carried out using standard antibiotics The multiple antibiotic resistance index were also determined. The zones of inhibition were 29 and 12 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively after 8 hrs of nanoparticle synthesis. The antibiotic susceptibility test using standard antibiotics revealed that S. aureus was sensitive to only Erythromycin and ofloxacin with a zone of inhibition of 15mm and 9mm respectively while P. aeruginosa was sensitive only to ofloxacin. The Multiple resistance index (MARi) shows P aeruginosa to have MARi of 0.9 while S, aureus has MARi of 0.82. The result indicated that B. subtilis nanoparticles presented better antibacterial properties than standard antibiotic and can be explored as a candidate for drug production to fight bacterial resistance to antibiotics.

scholarly journals MACROLIDE-LINCOSAMIDE-STREPTOGRAMIN B RESISTANCE AMONG STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN CHITWAN MEDICAL COLLEGE TEACHING HOSPITAL, NEPAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
NAVIN KUMAR CHAUDHARY ◽  
RUSAN PIYA
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is often linked with human infection. Clindamycin is one of the key substitute antimicrobial agents in the treatment of S. aureus, especially in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections. Inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (iMLS B) resistance is a crucial factor in antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The intention of the research was to identify S. aureus from distinct clinical specimens and investigate the prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance among them and also study their association with MRSA. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was accomplished in the Dept. of Microbiology CMC-TH, Nepal from January 2018 to December 2020 with 525 non-repeated S. aureus obtained from a different clinical specimen. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. MRSA was detected using cefoxitin (30 μg) and results were interpreted as stated by CLSI. “D-Test” was done by applying erythromycin (15 μg) and clindamycin (2 μg) as per CLSI guidelines. Data were analyzed using SPSS IBM version 20. Results: Among 525 isolates, there were 315 (60.00%) MRSA. Results of D test analysis showed that 280 (53.33%) were MLSB sensitive while 245 (46.67%) were MLSB resistant; where 80 (15.24%) iMLSB with D zone, 100 (19.05%) constitutive MLSB (cMLSB) phenotype, and 65 (12.38%) MS phenotype. Of a total of 80 iMLSB, a significant proportion of 64 (80.00%) was MRSA (p<0.001). All the isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, teicoplanin, and linezolid. The prevalence of both iMLSB and cMLSB was high among MRSA. Conclusion: In this study, cMLSB phenotype was predominant (19.05%) followed by iMLSB phenotype (15.25%) and then MS phenotype (12.38%). Inducible iMLS B phenotypes, as well as cMLSB, are higher among MRSA. It is advisable to include “D-Test” as a part of regular antibiotic susceptibility testing to detect iMLSB resistance among S. aureus.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Honey Samples from Ovia North East Local Government Areas in Edo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jesumirhewe Christiana ◽  
Bekee C.L ◽  
Jesumirhewe Christiana
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
North East ◽  
Edo State

Background: Honey is one of the oldest natural products in our environment used as natural alternatives for emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial activity of some honey samples collected from Ovia North-East local government area of Edo state Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Three honey samples were obtained in April 2017 from local commercial producers in Ovia North-East local government area of Edo state Nigeria. Bacteria strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp, Klebsiella spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were obtained from the University of Benin Teaching Hospital Edo state Nigeria. The antimicrobial activity of the honey samples was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial activity of Ciprofloxacin was also evaluated as a positive control. Results: All the honey samples had antimicrobial activities against the pathogens tested. Most of the strains showed the highest inhibition zone and hence better antimicrobial activity when the sample from Ogbese was tested against the strains. An increase in the honey concentration increased the activity of the sample and hence the zone of inhibition against the pathogens tested. Among the Bacteria strains tested Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most sensitive against all the honey samples. Conclusion: Our study shows the antimicrobial activity of honey samples from Ovia North east local government area in Edo state Nigeria. As bacterial resistance to antibiotics is on the increase, it is urgently required to discover alternative therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals The high resistance of bacteria to clindamycin and cefepime: a call to revisit antibiotics reserved for use at tertiary hospitals in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wigilya P. Mikomangwa ◽  
George M. Bwire ◽  
Manase Kilonzi ◽  
Hamu Mlyuka ◽  
Ritah Mutagonda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance poses burden to the community and health care services. Efforts are being made at local, national and global level to combat the rise of antibiotic resistance including antibiotic stewardship. Surveillance to antibiotic resistance is of importance to aid in planning and implementing infection prevention and control measures. The study was conducted to assess the resistance pattern to cefepime, clindamycin and meropenem, which are reserved antibiotics for use at tertiary hospitals in Tanzania Methods A Hospital-based antibiotic resistance surveillance was conducted between July and November 2019 using 201 consecutively selected clinical isolates at Muhimbili National Hospital and Bugando Medical Center, Tanzania. All organisms isolated were identified based on colony morphology, Gram staining and relevant biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on Muller-Hinton agar using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Antibiotic susceptibility on the selected antibiotic discs (cefepime, clindamycin and meropenem) was performed according to the protocol by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Results A total of 201 clinical samples were tested in this study. Urine (39.8%, n=80) and blood (35.3%, n=71) accounted for most of the collected samples followed by pus (16.9%, n=34). The overall bacterial resistance to clindamycin, cefipime and meropenem was 70.1%, 72.4% and 8.5% respectively. Most (88.9%) of Enterococcus spp were resistant to clindamycin. About 68.4% Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to clindamycin whereby 56.3%, 75.6%, 93.8% and 100% of the tested Escherichia coli , Klebsiella spp , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae respectively, were cefepime resistant. About 8.5% of isolated Klebsiella spp were resistant and 6.4% had intermediate susceptibility to meropenem. Also , Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant by 31.2% and 25% had intermediate susceptibility to meropenem. All Acinetobacter baumannii and Proteus spp (both 100.0%, n=4) were susceptible to meropenem. Conclusion The overall bacterial resistance to clindamycin and cefepime is high and low in meropenem. Henceforth, culture and susceptibility results should be used to guide the use of these antibiotics. Antibiotics with low resistance rate should be introduced to the reserve category and continuous antibiotic surveillance is warranted.

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