scholarly journals “Amazing Rapidity”

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-41
Author(s):  
EDWARD JONES CORREDERA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
Public Credit ◽  
Political Economic

This article explores David Hume’s views on public credit, the state, and geopolitics as outlined in his Political Discourses. By drawing attention to Hume’s analysis of the speed of political economic dynamics, the article suggests the philosopher feared that public credit, a crucial source of eighteenth-century European economic growth, fundamentally revolutionized the pace of social relations, the mechanics of the state, and European geopolitics at large. Hume’s study of public credit highlighted its role in reshaping eighteenth-century visions of time, and the philosopher’s disappointment with his own solution, in turn, reinforces the need to consider the multifaceted effects of public credit in the modern world.

Introduction

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Washbrook
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Porfirio Diaz ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Modernization ◽  
National Power ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Political Turmoil

This book analyzes production and modernity in pre-revolutionary Mexico, focusing specifically on the relationship between labour, race, and the state in Chiapas during the Porfiriato. The thirty-five-year dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz (1876–1911) was a key period in the history of modern Mexico. Following upon fifty years of political turmoil and economic stagnation after independence, the regime oversaw an unprecedented period of growth and political modernization, which ended in the ‘first social revolution of the twentieth century’ (1910–20). In order to understand the twin processes of state formation and market development that took place in Mexico during these years, the book examines changing political, economic, and social relations in the southern state of Chiapas between Díaz's seizure of national power in the Tuxtepec rebellion of 1876 and the arrival of revolutionary troops in the state capital, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, in 1914. In this period Chiapas was subject to the same processes and tendencies that took place throughout the Mexican republic, which centred on rapid export-led development and growing political centralization. However, the state's distinct regional characteristics — notably its majority Mayan Indian population, polarized ethnic relations, strong historical and administrative links to Central America, and poor communications with the rest of Mexico — also contributed to the particular quality of modernization and modernity in Chiapas.

Modern Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iftekhar Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Military Rule ◽  
Independent State ◽  
National Imagination ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
Political Economic

Bangladesh is a relatively young state with an agile political heart. Its emergence in 1971 as an independent state accompanied the familiar elements of modern polities, as reflected in the major principles of its first constitution: nationalism, secularism, democracy, and socialism (in the sense of social justice). Yet a prehistory and posthistory of the birth of Bangladesh are replete with contestations, tensions, and quests for new meanings for these categories, providing intriguing windows to the challenges and opportunities facing governance, ideologies, and public life in the country. In the modern period, between the transition to British colonial rule and present times, Bangladesh (part of Bengal until 1947 and East Pakistan until 1971) has been shaped and reshaped by several interrelated historical developments. The idea of nationhood was not a linear one thriving on a certain space, religion, or ethnicity at a given moment, the constant thread of collective national imagination being the desire for economic emancipation from a British colonial system and protracted military rule in Pakistan. But the poverty and deprivation that continued after the independence raised questions about the perception of the postcolonial state as the sole liberator. Since the 1990s, although inequality and poverty have remained constant, Bangladesh has seen remarkable economic growth and a relatively better human-development index, making it a potent partner in the recent spell of Asian economic growth. Democracy and citizenship, however, have remained the weakest link, occasionally leading to military rule or dictated democracy. Amid all visible ups and downs in its political, economic, and social life, Bangladesh remains a vibrant nation-space in the increasingly interconnected modern world.

scholarly journals Performing Public Credit at the Eighteenth-Century Bank of England

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne L. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
The State ◽  
Secondary Market ◽  
National Debt ◽  
Personal Credit ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Public Credit ◽  
Bank Of England ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century

AbstractMuch is known about the negotiation of personal credit relationships during the eighteenth century. It has been noted how direct contact and observation allowed individuals to assess the creditworthiness of those with whom they had financial connections and to whom they might lend money. Much less is known about one of the most important credit relationships of the long eighteenth century: that between the state and its creditors. This article shows that investors could experience the performance of public credit at the Bank of England. By 1760 the Bank was the manager of nearly three-quarters of the state's debt and housed the main secondary market in that debt. Thus, it provided a place for public creditors, both current and potential, to attend and scrutinize the performance of the state's promises. The article demonstrates how the Bank acted to embody public credit through its architecture, internal structures, and imagery and through the very visible actions of its clerks and the technologies that they used to record ownership and transfer of the national debt. The Bank of England, by those means, allowed creditors to interrogate the financial stability and reputation of the state in the same ways that they could interrogate the integrity of a private debtor.

scholarly journals CONCEPT AND CONTENT OF MILITARY SECURITY OF UKRAINE IN THE LIGHT OF MODERN CHALLENGES AND THREATS

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Y. Lutsenko
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Military Security ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
State Defense ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Military

The article provides a scientific analysis of the problems that exist in the sphere of national security of Ukraine. The problems in the sphere of state security of Ukraine are investigated, the concept and content of military security of Ukraine are considered in the light of modern challenges and threats. Attention is drawn to the fact that in the presence of military security, many tasks can be solved to ensure national security and create the necessary conditions for the stable development of political, economic, social, environmental, spiritual, intellectual, demographic fundamentals of society's life. The work emphasizes that military security can not be achieved only through the organization of state defense, and is a complex category, which is closely connected with many spheres of social relations and life of the state. It is noted that military security is the foundation of national security, the basis of the country's independence. In connection with this, the military security of Ukraine as one of the priority (basic) types of national security of the state can not be considered separately from the development of political, economic, social processes both on the European continent and around the world, and some features of the geopolitical situation In many cases, the directions and tasks of Ukraine's foreign policy are determined near its borders.

scholarly journals SCIENCE AS A SOCIAL PHENOMENON AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN THE MODERN WORLD

2021 ◽  
pp. 124-133
Author(s):  
Alla FEDORKINA
Keyword(s):  
Social Institution ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
The Status ◽  
Political Economic

The article is devoted to understanding the place, role and functions of science in the modern world. The author analyzes the process of development of science from the initial individual forms of organization of scientific activity to its transformation into a social institution. The specifics of the process of cognitive and social institutionalization of science are considered. The main conditions for the development of science in the status of a social institution are revealed. The close connection of science with political, economic and social institutions and also the possibility of its development with the state regulation are shown.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF CYBER SECURITY IN THE LEADING COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Yurii I. Khlaponin ◽  
Svitlana V. Kondakova ◽  
Yevheniia Ye. Shabala ◽  
Liliia P. Yurchuk ◽  
Pavlo S. Demianchuk
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
The World

The article is devoted to the study of trends in cybercrime, which is a threat to the country's information security. The place and role of cybersecurity in the system of national security are determined. The state of the system of protection against cyber attacks in the developed countries of the world, such as France, Japan, China, South Korea and the United Kingdom, was analyzed. The main shortcomings and perspectives of protection of cyberspace are revealed. The use of modern information technologies in state structures, as well as in society in general, proposes solving information security problems as one of the main ones. The economy, logistics and security of the country increasingly depend on the technical infrastructure and its security. To improve the effectiveness of the fight against cybercrime, developed countries have long started the appropriate work needed to create their own cyber security strategy. Incidents in the field of cybersecurity affect the lives of consumers information and many other services and cyber attacks aimed at various objects of infrastructure of electronic communications systems or technological processes management. Modern world trends in the development of cybercrime and the strengthening of cyber attacks indicate an increase in the value of combating it for the further development of society, which in turn predetermines the assignment of certain groups of social relations of the cybersphere to the competence of legal regulation. The current situation with cybercrime requires constant improvement of methods the fight against cybercrime, the development of information systems and methods aimed at ensuring the cyber security of the country. Necessary tasks are the development of a national strategy on cybersecurity, which will include tactical and strategic priorities and tasks in this area for state bodies. So, the issue of cyberspace security, the fight against cybercrime is relevant both at the international level and at the level of the individual country, and therefore needs further consideration.

Framing Policing in the Secular Trend of Accumulation: from the State-Centric View of Globalization towards the Household in the Modern World-System

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-328
Author(s):  
Florence Molk
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Secular Trend ◽  
World System ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Global Commodity Chains ◽  
Capitalist World Economy

Abstract Mainstream interpretation segments globalization as: (a) a self-regulating-market neoliberal reincarnation; (b) an innovative regime of information communication technology; or (c) a reorganization of production on a world scale. This segmented view, however, is predicated on the state and the police in the background. In contrast to the mainstream view, which fits globalization in a state-centric prism of the police, we argue that what is referred to as globalization is policing. Policing is founded on household structures that are in turn instituted in the global commodity chains. Accordingly, it is the most crucial element integrating social-identity, social control, and social relations in the modern world-system. Hence, the unfolding prominence of globalization is actually the increasing saliency of policing. It reflects the terminal crisis of the capitalist world-economy, putting pressure on the household structures and the secular trend of accumulation. It is in view of this that policing, under the guise of globalization, is the re-intensification of social control, isolation of social-identities, and reification of social-relations.

scholarly journals Trajectory of Steady Growth or Next Disbalance of Mechanisms of the World Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 64-90
Author(s):  
E. N. Smirnov ◽  
V. N. Kirillov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The World

Main objective of the article – assessment of problems and opportunities of speeding up of world economic growth in the context of the crisis phenomena and turbulence in economy. Complication and reformatting of the economic relations between the countries represents serious challenges for modern economic dynamics. Methodological approach of the authors is based on assessment of the defining influence of new factors on delay of economic activity and economic development. The thesis about the defining impact of international trade on economic growth is called into question. It was analyzed the value and a role of the international companies as growth catalysts in the conditions of new technological revolution. It is established that risks of development of the world economy continue to increase, and the main of them – in decline in labor productivity in the developed countries, uncertainty concerning interest rates and economic policy of the states, the universal growth of sovereign and corporate debt of the states. It is shown that China has the increasing problems with the growth; however the flexibility of its economic policy allows to connect additional mechanisms of speeding up of social and economic development. In the European Union economic growth depends on the solution of problems of consolidation of the budgetary process, decrease in a debt, and in general – on reforming of the existing model of social and economic development. Prospects of economic dynamics will depend in many respects on stability of trade relations between the countries, and on the effective international cooperation directed to overcoming imbalances of the modern world economy. Opportunities and problems of an exit of developing countries to a trajectory of sustained economic growth in the conditions of digitalization and digital transformations in the world economy are estimated. Aggravation of a problem of inequality in the conditions of digitalization of the world economy is possible to overcome, however a number of measures in the sphere of industrial, innovative and regulatory policy is necessary. Also at the international level serious reforms in the sphere of financial regulation and taxation are necessary. The conclusions received as a result of the research have important practical importance as overcoming the problems stated above and also trade political differences between the countries will make economic growth steady and inclusive.

The ‘state’ of degrowth: Economic growth and the making of state hegemony in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-527
Author(s):  
Bengi Akbulut
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Social Imaginary ◽  
Growth Functions ◽  
Collective Goal ◽  
The Social ◽  
Distributional Conflicts ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Social Collective

Critical perspectives on economic growth have laid bare the fragility of the assumed link between material growth and socio-ecological wellbeing. The appeal of economic growth, however, goes beyond the economic sphere. As a societal goal, growth is often mobilized to pre-empt and/or co-opt opposition around issues of social justice and redistribution. Not only does the constitution of growth as a collective goal serve to unite the internally fragmented sphere of the social and brush aside (class-based) distributional conflicts, but it also enables the distribution of material concessions to subordinate classes for eliciting their consent. The degrowth proposal should thus more broadly tackle the material and discoursive ways in which growth enables the reproduction of contemporary political-economic systems. This paper argues that the notion of growth functions as a powerful ideal that shapes state–society relationships and social-collective imaginations. It demonstrates this by discussing the making of state in Turkey through a Gramscian perspective, where the notion of economic growth is deeply imprinted in the broader practices of the state to legitimize its existence and dominates the social imaginary in a way that cannot be easily dismissed. Against this backdrop, the possibility of not only effectuating, but also imagining and desiring degrowth would call for a radical reconfiguration of state–society relationships. Within this context, the Kurdish Freedom Movement’s project of Democratic Economy emerges as an alternative, both to the nation-state paradigm and to the imperative of economic growth.

scholarly journals Judicial Practice of Protecting Human Rights: Problems of the Rule of Law in a Postmodern Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-114
Author(s):  
Nadiia Bortnyk ◽  
Iryna Zharovska ◽  
Tetiana Panfilova ◽  
Ivanna Lisna ◽  
Oksana Valetska
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Transitional State ◽  
Legal Standards

Human rights issues are present today in almost every area of society and, accordingly, occupy a special place in it. Due to the fact that modern Ukraine is in a transitional state of creating legal, state and public institutions, the process of formation of civil society requires the identification of the nature of legal relations in a transitional period. After all, relations in civil society should be formed on the basis of awareness of the inalienability and non-repudiation of natural human rights. They should be based on the positive legislation of the state. They are the key to the effectiveness of the entire system of social relations. Ensuring human rights is the criterion by which the achieved level of democracy in the state is assessed. The beginning of this process can be called consolidation in the Basic Law of the provision that a person, his life and health, honor and dignity, integrity and security are recognized as the highest social value, and determining the priority of universal values. At the same time, the needs of the present, in fact, directs the development of modern law, is the development of certain general legal standards that allow us to move on to a new qualitative coexistence of nations in the modern world on substantial humanistic principles. In addition to examining the established mechanisms and specifics of protecting everyday human rights, the article examined the new human rights that exist in post-modern society, which today are called the rights of the “fourth generation”.

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