Variants of Frontier Mimesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Tappe
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Colonial Administration ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
Asian History ◽  
And Control ◽  
Alternative Reading

At the turn of the twentieth century, the French colonial administration adopted various strategies and tactics to ‘pacify’ and control the culturally heterogeneous regions dividing the lowland realms of the Lao and Vietnamese courts, while upland powerbrokers aimed to forge strategic alliances with the new colonial power. This article takes the concept of mimesis as a means to explore the interplay of alterity and identity. With reference to the work of Michael Taussig, along with other theories of imitation, I will discuss processes of mutual appropriation and differentiation within the precarious relationship between colonizers and colonized. Mimesis here provides an alternative reading of upland Southeast Asian history beyond the binaries of dominance and resistance prevalent in James C. Scott’s recent work on the anarchist history of zomia.

Deuteronomy, Hosea, and the Theory of Northern Origins

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill T. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of

Deuteronomy appears to share numerous thematic and phraseological connections with the book of Hosea from the eighth century bce. Investigation of these connections during the early twentieth century settled upon a scholarly consensus, which has broken down in more recent work. Related to this question is the possibility of northern origins of Deuteronomy—as a whole, or more likely, in an early proto-Deuteronomy legal core. This chapter surveys the history of the investigation leading up to the current impasse and offers a reexamination of the problem from the standpoint of one passage in Hosea.

‘From Purdah to Parliament’

Hawwa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-309
Author(s):  
M. Reza Pirbhai
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Modernization Theory ◽  
Social Activist ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
South Asian History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Asian History

Begum Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah was a Pakistani author, politician, diplomat and social-activist whose life bridges the late colonial and post-colonial phases of South Asian history. Her biography illustrates the discursive pressures shaping the lives of upper and intermediate class men and women of her generation, particularly as manifested in the unquestioned tropes of modernization theory. However, the same life reveals that her notion of the tradition-modernity dichotomy does not extend to the equation of Islam with tradition. The secular-religious divide, in fact, does not feature in her thought or activism at all. The latter activism also problematizes the assumption that Muslim women, any more of less than non-Muslims, are marginal or peripheral players in the history of the twentieth century.

Polo Beyris: A Forgotten Internment Camp in France, 1939–47

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Guse
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Internment Camp ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dense Urban Area ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
Occupied Zone

Polo Beyris is a virtually unexplored example of internment under French and German authorities. From 1939 to 1947 the camp of Polo Beyris in Bayonne held successively: Spanish Civil War refugees, French colonial prisoners of war, suspected ‘collaborators’ and German prisoners of war. Despite having up to 8600 prisoners at one time, the large camp and its numerous satellite work detachments were literally ‘forgotten’ for decades. Although similar to other camps in its improvised nature, wretched living conditions, lack of food and constant movement of prisoners, Polo Beyris was also unique: located in a dense urban area, within the wartime Occupied Zone and close to the Spanish frontier. Its civil and military administrators were faced with constantly changing, and often chaotic, political and military circumstances. Not a waystation in the Holocaust, Polo Beyris has been lost from the sight of historians. It provides an additional dimension to the complex history of internment in twentieth century France.

scholarly journals Catholic Intellectuals and the Invention of Pluralism in France

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
H. S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Christian Democracy ◽  
Jacques Maritain ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anglo American

AbstractThis article traces the invention of pluralist political language in France to a very specific ideological source: Jacques Maritain, Emmanuel Mounier, and the progressive Catholic circles that gathered around the journalEspritin the 1930s. It shows that the dialogue with the émigré Russian Jewish sociologist Georges Gurvitch was an important influence on theEspritcircle, but also that it was Maritain rather than Gurvitch who did most to disseminate the language of pluralism. The paper thus builds on recent work according Maritain and Christian democracy a central place in the intellectual history of twentieth-century politics. It also contests the Anglo-American bias that has dominated histories of pluralism, and instead places France at the centre.

The Roots of Divergence? Some Comments on Japan in the ‘Axial Age’, 1750–1850

Itinerario ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Janet Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Social History ◽  
Major Part ◽  
The Other ◽  
Axial Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Great Divergence

Much of the recent work on the economic and social history of Tokugawa Japan (1600–1867) has been driven by a desire to identify what T.C. Smith has called ‘native sources ofJapanese industrialisation’. From the Marxist-influenced historians in the 1920s who sought to explain the pre-industrial roots of the structure of production in interwar Japan, through to contem-poraryJapanese historians' studies of the pattern of Japanese development, a major part of the agenda has been to identify how Japan had got to where it was, in other words, what was the secret of its twentieth century successes and weaknesses. It is not possible to explore the situation of Japan's economy in the century 1750–1850 without benefit of this hindsight, without being aware that while Japan's situation may have been in many ways analogous to that of China and Europe in the mid-eighteenth century, its economic fortunes were by the latter part of the nineteenth century experiencing their own ‘great divergence’ from those of China, India and the other countries of Asia and the near East. To search for the antecedents of this divergence is for economic historians of Japan a parallel exercise o t any search for the sources of the European ‘miracle’. While a focus on the period 1750–1850 as an era of European/Asian divergence means, therefore, that we must highlight the situation inJapan during that century, it must also be accepted that in the case of Japan any comparison with other countries or regions may also suggest the causes of Japan's own divergence some fifty to a hundred years later.

Recentering the History of Jews in North Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Joshua Schreier
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Afrique Du Nord ◽  
North African ◽  
History Of ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
Colonial Order

Abstract Recent work that readjusts French Jewish historians' lenses to include France's empire in North Africa is essential, but it does not necessarily expand the range of questions beyond the logic or contradictions of empire. Looking at Jewish history from “outside” the empire, in contrast, may de-emphasize the critical focus on the failures of enlightenment, assimilation, or civilization that have been central both to colonialists' self-definition and to subsequent historiography. Drawing on work that traces the history of a group of powerful Jewish merchants in mid-nineteenth-century Oran, this article posits that North African Jews influenced the early French colonial order. In so doing, it underlines the inadequacy of imported (but enduring) anthropological, popular, or legal identifiers such as indigènes, subjects, or citizens while emphasizing how Maghrebi Jews were often influential figures in the extra- or transimperial networks that both defied and shaped France's early North African empire. Pour importantes qu'elles soient, les recherches récentes plaçant l'Empire français en Afrique du Nord au centre de l'histoire juive française ne se sont pas dégagées de certaines problématiques bien établies, notamment celles centrées sur la logique interne de l'Empire et ses contradictions. Cet essai constitue une tentative de considérer l'histoire juive de « l'extérieur » de l'Empire, visant par là à repenser l'importance longtemps mise sur les échecs (ou les réussites) des Lumières, de l'assimilation, ou de la mission civilisatrice—idées qui ont longtemps joué un rôle essentiel dans la façon dont les colons se sont définis et dans la formulation des questions historiographiques liées à l'entreprise coloniale. Cet article traite d'un groupe de grands négociants juifs d'Oran au milieu du dix-neuvième siècle pour montrer que les juifs d'Afrique du Nord étaient des agents puissants ayant non seulement exercé une influence déterminante sur l'ordre précolonial, mais aussi sur les premières décennies de la colonisation française. Ce travail souligne ainsi les limites d'identifiants anthropologiques, populaires, ou légaux tels qu’« indigènes », « sujets », ou « citoyens ». Il souligne en outre que les juifs maghrébins avaient souvent une influence considérable sur les réseaux trans-impériaux qui ont à la fois défié le nouvel Empire français en Afrique, et qui lui ont donné forme.

The Vagrancy Law Challenge and the Vagaries of Legal Change

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (04) ◽  
pp. 1669-1685
Author(s):  
Laura Weinrib
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Legal Change ◽  
Intermediary Organization ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alternative Reading

This essay reflects on the relationship between the diffuse legal struggle to dismantle vagrancy laws during the 1960s and the larger history of twentieth-century social movement advocacy. In Vagrant Nation, Risa Goluboff persuasively links the demise of vagrancy laws to the cultural and constitutional turmoil of the 1960s. It is possible, however, to interpret that decade's upheaval, which rendered explicit social stratification increasingly vulnerable, as an impediment to a budding anti-vagrancy law consensus instead of a prerequisite for legal change. On this alternative reading, the uncoordinated legal efforts to overturn vagrancy laws in a decade dominated by more contentious litigation campaigns may have contributed to a tepid decision by the Supreme Court, which ultimately invalidated vagrancy laws on narrow legalistic grounds. Indeed, the relatively protracted dismantlement of the vagrancy law regime raises the question whether bottom-up constitutionalism lacks potency in the absence of an intermediary organization with a well-defined litigation strategy.

Ambiguities, Fractures and Myopic Histories: Recent work on German Minorities in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-149
Author(s):  
H. GLENN PENNY
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
German Law ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
The Urals ◽  
History Of

Germans have long been part of the multi-ethnic and multicultural histories that shaped the territory between the Oder and the Urals. The presence of Germans, however, was seldom the same as ‘a German presence’ nor has it always been clear who the ‘Germans’ might be, or might have been. During the medieval period, for example, as Roger Bartlett and Karen Schönwälder reminded us more than a decade ago, a German in eastern Europe ‘might be one who came from a core German territory, spoke a Germanic language, or to whom German law applied; but none of these criteria was necessarily decisive or historically unambiguous’. That equivocality proved tenacious, and consequently the clichéd polarity of Teuton and Slav has frequently obscured the ‘fluidity of identity and multiplicity of interaction’ that remain ‘crucial’ to understanding the history of this region, where ‘impulses of culture, religion, political and economic interest, whether uniting or dividing, have often cut across linguistic or ethnic differences’.

‘STEALING THE WAY’ TO MECCA: WEST AFRICAN PILGRIMS AND ILLICIT RED SEA PASSAGES, 1920s–50s

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONATHAN MIRAN
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
West African ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regional History ◽  
And Control

AbstractWest African participation in the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) grew considerably throughout the first half of the twentieth century. This article examines the causes and consequences of failed British and Saudi efforts to channel, regulate, and control the trans-Sahelian flow of pilgrims and enforce a regime of mobility along the Sahel and across the Red Sea. Focusing specifically on Red Sea ‘illicit’ passages, the study recovers the rampant and often harrowing crossings of dozens of thousands of West African pilgrims from the Eritrean to the Arabian coasts. It examines multiple factors that drove the circumvention of channeling and control measures and inscribes the experiences of West African historical actors on multiple historiographic fields that are seldom organically tied to West Africa: Northeast African regional history, the colonial history of Italian Eritrea, and the Red Sea as a maritime space connecting Africa with Arabia.

scholarly journals Reparar o Erro Através do Casamento: Honra, Moral e Sexualidade em um Trâmite Judicial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Alécio Gonçalves da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
Know How ◽  
Civil Lawsuit ◽  
Control Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
And Control

Em suma, a história dessa narrativa busca lançar um olhar historiográfico sobre figuras e acontecimentos. Elegemos para tanto, enquanto fonte histórica principal um caso judicial, este em específico ocorrido na década de 80 do século XX, mas precisamente em 1982. Tratando-se de uma ação judicial cível de “Suprimento de Idade para Casamento”. O desenrolar do fato gravado nas páginas dos autos, torna necessário, por si só, uma reflexão acerca dos fios e teias que urdiram a partir das relações de micropoderes um sistema estrutural maior, mais complexo, aqui entendido enquanto a sociedade disciplinar e de controle. A partir deste caso e com outras fontes disponíveis, buscamos refletir sobre as redes invisíveis de interesses, inscritas substancialmente nos procedimentos técnicos, dentro dos discursos de saber-poder médico e jurídico embebidos pela lógica social disciplinar.Palavras-chave: Ação Judicial; Suprimento de Idade para Casamento; Sexualidade; Sociedade Disciplinar e de Controle. AbstractIn short, the history of this narrative seeks to cast a historiographical look at figures and events. To this end, we have chosen, as the main historical source, a judicial case, specifically in the 80's of the twentieth century, but precisely in 1982. This is a civil lawsuit of “Marriage Age Supply”. The unfolding of the fact recorded in the pages of the file, in itself, requires a reflection on the threads and webs that wove from the relations of micropowers a larger, more complex structural system, understood here as the disciplinary and control society. From this case and with other available sources, we seek to reflect on the invisible networks of interests, inscribed substantially in technical procedures, within the discourses of medical and legal know-how embedded in the disciplinary social logic.Keywords: Lawsuit; Age Supply for Marriage; Sexuality; Disciplinary and Control Society.

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