scholarly journals Reliability improvement of steel storage tanks for phosphoric acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
V. A. Shorin ◽  
V. S. Litvinov ◽  
A. A. Sagdeev ◽  
A. V. Shorin ◽  
N. P. Gorlenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Reliability Improvement ◽  
Tank Bottom ◽  
Minimum Stress ◽  
The One ◽  
Technical Safety

The paper describes the one-sided welding method for steel structures based on the rational choice of the inverse angle of butt-welded elements of Belgian steel for the manufacture of tank bottom elements of intended for phosphoric acid storage in a construction site. It is shown that the most expedient method for ensuring the design geometry of the tank with a minimum stress of 1.4507 of the material structure, is the bottom sheets preset for welding at a reverse angle of 12 degrees.The proposed method improves the tank reliability for storing aggressive products, its trouble-free and technical safety during the operation. The need is shown for studying the replacement of imported steel by Russian steel to manufacture tanks from alternative nonmetallic materials.

Tanks Assurance and Endorsement Extension Strategy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Abdul-Karim Khattab ◽  
Marwa Sami Alsheebani
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Major Overhaul ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Tank Bottom

Abstract The objective of this paper is to study various methods that can be implemented on existing or new tanks to achieve an extended endorsement period (e.g. 20 years plus) for Crude Oil Floating Roof Storage Tanks. This extended period is necessary in order to overcome anticipated future challenges in tank availability due to (i) increased production and loading, (ii) stretched major overhaul (MOH) duration due to unforeseen delays in MOH works, (iii) corrosion in bottom plates, etc. An extensive research based on international API Standard 653 "Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction" was conducted to achieve this extended period. Initially, some COS tanks aspects were assessed based on API SPEC 653 (2014, Addendum 2, May 2020) to achieve this new Tanks Endorsement Vision, such as: (a) studying the currently applied Corrosion Protection Barriers to the COS tanks and their effectiveness to the endorsement period, (b) the adequacy of commonly applied Corrosion Protection Barriers with respect to the endorsement period, and (c) exploring possible enhancements on COS Tanks Corrosion Protection Barriers, and Monitoring systems to extend tanks endorsement period. Based on API SPEC 653 (2014, Addendum 2, May 2020), currently applied tank safeguards were found inadequate to achieve the 20 years plus tank endorsement period requirement. In order to extend tanks endorsement period, additional safeguards shall be implemented, with special attention to tank bottom plates (soil side), since corrosion problems are mostly exhibited in tank bottom plates from the soil/oil side. Multiple solutions for corrosion safeguards were explored and recommended as part of this study such as the installation of a CP system under COS tanks, as well as installation of a corrosion monitoring system, and performing routine in-service inspections for COS tanks (internal and external) as per API SPEC 653 (2014, Addendum 2, May 2020), etc. Overall, this paper provides an insight on the calculation method of tanks endorsement period, and possible tank corrosion safeguards and controls that can be implemented to extend the COS tanks endorsement period to at least 20 years. Results and recommendations studied in this paper will benefit the Oil and Gas Industry and help in overcoming future challenges.

scholarly journals Activated Flooded Jets and Immiscible Layer Technology Help to Remove and Prevent the Formation of Bottom Sediments in the Oil Storage Tanks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgii V. Nesyn
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
External Heat ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
High Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Screw Propeller ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Tank Bottom

Two flooded jet methods of tank bottom sediments caving based on either screw propeller generation or nozzle jets generated with entering crude head oppose each other. The comparison is not advantageous for the first one. Exceptionally if crude oil contains some concentration of high molecular weight polymer which can perform Drag Reduction. In this case, the jet range increases by many times, thus, upgrading the capability of caving system. Preventing the sedimentation of crude oil heavy components may be put into practice with Immiscible Layer Technology. Before filling the tank with crude oil, some quantity of heavy liquid, that is immiscible with all the components of crude oil, is poured into the tank. The most suitable/fit for purpose and available liquid is glycerin. Neither paraffin and resins, nor asphaltenes can penetrate through the glycerin layer to settle down at the tank bottom because of its density, which is equal to 1.26 g/cm3. Instead, sediments are concentrated at/on the glycerin surface and when it is heated in external heat exchanger all the sediments ought to move upwards with the convection streams. Thus, no deteriorate sediment is formed in the tank bottom.

scholarly journals The synthesis of tripolyphosphate using a one-stage method and a laboratory rotary kiln

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zygmunt Kowalski ◽  
Agnieszka Makara
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Wet Processing ◽  
The One ◽  
Soda Ash

Abstract In the study, sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) was obtained according to the one-stage method. Batch mixes with varied degrees of soda ash neutralization were produced using thermal or wet processing phosphoric acid and/ or recycled STPP calcined in a laboratory rotary kiln. Chromatographic analysis of the phosphate forms showed that products containing as much as 94.73% of a single component were produced. At STPP recycling rates of 2.5 and 5, products with a low bulk density ranging between 0.437-0.547 kg/dm3 were obtained. The recycling of STPP reduces the insoluble substance content, which affects the properties of the product. The phase composition of the products largely depends on the type of recycled phase of sodium tripolyphosphate (phase I and/or phase II) and the calcining temperature.

BEER-SPOILAGE BACTERIA AND THEIR CONTROL WITH A PHOSPHORIC ACID – AMMONIUM PERSULFATE WASH

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Bah ◽  
W. E. McKeen
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Acetobacter Aceti ◽  
Lager Yeast ◽  
Great Saving ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Plant Equipment ◽  
Beer Spoilage ◽  
The One

Flavobacterium proteus, Acetobacter aceti, Acetobacter capsulatum, Pediococcus cerevisiae, and Lactobacillus pastorianus were isolated from contaminated yeast in certain Canadian breweries. F. proteus was most prevalent in ale yeast, while L. pastorianus and P. cerevisiae were most prevalent in lager yeast but the plant also affected the prevalence of the species.A phosphoric acid – ammonium persulfate wash was developed which has proved very effective in the breweries in which it has been used since 1960. Treatment time is very short (2 hours) and consequently a great saving in plant equipment and labor has resulted.The fermentative ability and viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not affected nor is it killed even when it is treated with a phosphoric acid – ammonium persulfate wash that is six times as strong as the one recommended for use in the brewery.

Acoustic Emission Based Tank Bottom Floor Corrosion Detection

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
◽  
Hao Feng ◽  
Zhou-Mo Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Fiber Sensors ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Actual Application ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Tank Bottom ◽  
Nondestructive Testing Method

The tank bottom floor is a crucial component of large oil storage tanks, and its status has a pivotal impact on the integrity of the entire tank. Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring is an advanced, in-service, nondestructive testing method internationally recognized to be capable of assessing the tank bottom floor without the necessity of prior tank cleaning. In this paper, the principle of Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) is illustrated, and the efficiency of piezoelectric AE sensors is verified through a field experiment. The authors then investigate Mach-Zehnder interferometerbased AE sensors with a view to using optical fiber sensors as a substitute for acoustic emission detecting. The results of the experiment indicate that optical fiber AE sensors based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer can be used as transducers sensitive to acoustic events, so they can serve as indicators of the imminent failure of a structure. In addition, some suggestions are put forward regarding forthcoming actual application.

Coupling geomechanical modeling with seismic pressure prediction

Geophysics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. B253-B267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Heidari ◽  
Maria A. Nikolinakou ◽  
Peter B. Flemings
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Geomechanical Model ◽  
Minimum Stress ◽  
Sigsbee Escarpment ◽  
Vertical Effective Stress ◽  
The One ◽  
Full Stress Tensor ◽  
Better Than

We couple geomechanical modeling with seismic velocity to enhance the prediction of pressure and stresses in complex geologic settings. In these settings, pressure is controlled by mean and shear stresses rather than by only the vertical (overburden) stress. We estimate total mean and shear stresses from a geomechanical model. Effective mean and shear stresses are calculated from velocity using a relationship that we develop between velocity and these stresses. The pressure prediction process is iterated to attain convergence between the predicted pressure field and the one input in the geomechanical model. We also explicitly predict the full stress tensor. We apply our method along with the standard, vertical-effective-stress method to a salt basin beneath the Sigsbee Escarpment in the Mad Dog field, Gulf of Mexico. The methods are constrained to the same pressure data along a calibration well and are then used to predict pressure and stresses across the basin. We find that salt and basin bathymetry substantially perturb the stress field. The pressures predicted by the two methods differ the least at the calibration well and the most in areas where the total mean and shear stresses are the most different from those at the same burial depth at the calibration well. Our method is shown to predict pressures measured along a subsalt well better than the standard, vertical method. We calculate minimum stress and the drilling window along a vertical profile near salt and find that they significantly differ from the ones predicted by the standard, vertical method.

The Double Conditioning of Political Participation: Grassroots Politics on Facebook

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Jannick Schou ◽  
Johan Farkas ◽  
Morten Hjelholt
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
User Participation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Grassroots Politics ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
The One

The emergence of social network sites as a part of everyday life has given rise to a number of debates on the demo- cratic potential afforded by these technologies. This paper addresses political participation facilitated through Facebook from a practice-oriented perspective and presents a case study of the political grassroots organisation, Fight For The Future. Initially, the paper provides a basic theoretical framework that seeks to map the relation between civic practices, materiality, and discursive features. Using this framework, the article analyses Fight For The Future’s use of Facebook to facilitate political participation. The study finds that user participation on the Facebook page is ‘double conditioned’ by the material structure of the social network site on the one hand and by the discourses articulated by the organisation and users on the other. Finally, the paper discusses the findings and raises a number of problems and obstacles facing participatory grassroots organisations, such as Fight For The Future, when using Facebook.

Control System Development Based on Arc-Submerging Welder for Flat Fillet Seams

2012 ◽  
Vol 155-156 ◽  
pp. 1061-1065
Author(s):  
Gang Wang ◽  
Li Na Feng ◽  
Xiao Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Blast Furnaces ◽  
Mechanical Structure ◽  
Large Steel ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Oil Tanks

Basing on the original mechanical structure of arc-submerging welder for flat fillet seams, this article designs an arc-submerging welder control system for large steel structures flat fillet seams, such as blast furnaces, oil tanks, and so on, and expatiates on the working principle by circuit designing and testing in detail. This control system has been used greatly in DongYing, DaGang and other construction site for large steel structure.

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