Risk factors associated with selected indicators of milk quality in semiarid northeastern Brazil

The transit of infected animals may be a route for the introduction and dispersal of diseases, which necessitates protocols for the controlled entry of infected animals into herds. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira and anti-Brucella ovis antibodies in small ruminants sold at an animal fair in the Sertão region of the Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil, and to identify the possible risk factors associated with seropositivity. Serum samples were collected from 233 goats and 119 sheep, belonging to twelve different owners from November 2014 to June 2015. Diagnosis of Leptospira spp. infection was established using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT); for B. ovis infection, the agar gel immuno-diffusion (AGID) test was conducted. A total of 16/233 (6.87%; 95% CI = 4.27% – 10.83%) goats and 16/119 (13.45%; 95% CI = 8.67% – 21.24%) sheep were identified as seropositive for Leptospira spp. The most frequent serotype was Icterohaemorrhagiae. In goats, intensive management system (odds ratio = 15.8; p < 0.001) and consorted rearing of equines and goats (odds ratio = 7.3; p = 0.005) were identified as risk factors. There were no risk factors identified for sheep. Seven (5.88%; 95% CI = 2.88% – 11.65%) sheep were seropositive for B. ovis, and the intensive management system was identified as the risk factor (odds ratio = 11.5; p = 0.005). This suggests that Leptospira spp. and B. ovis infections occur in small ruminants commercialized in the Sertão region of the Pernambuco State. Thus, improvements to the sanitary conditions of the facilities and the control of synanthropic rodents are recommended.

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Flock-level risk factors associated with leptospirosis in dairy goats in a semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil

Preventive Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.09.005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 109 (1-2) ◽

pp. 158-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Severino S.S. Higino ◽

Fabrine A. Santos ◽

Diego F. Costa ◽

Carolina S.A.B. Santos ◽

Maria L.C.R. Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Factors Associated

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Flock-level risk factors associated with Neospora caninum seroprevalence in dairy goats in a semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil

Small Ruminant Research ◽

10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.11.031 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 112 (1-3) ◽

pp. 239-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C.S.A.B. Santos ◽

S.S. Azevedo ◽

H.S. Soares ◽

S.S.S. Higino ◽

F.A. Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Factors Associated

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HBV and HCV serological markers in patients with the hepatosplenic form of mansonic schistosomiasis

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia ◽

10.1590/s0004-28032011000200008 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 124-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jéfferson Luis de Almeida Silva ◽

Veridiana Sales Barbosa de Souza ◽

Tatiana Aguiar Santos Vilella ◽

Ana Lúcia C. Domingues ◽

Maria Rosângela Cunha Duarte Coêlho

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Hospital ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Serological Markers ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

CONTEXT: Blood transfusion is one of the major risk factors for the transmission of the hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses. However, there are no reports describing the endoscopic transmission of these viruses in patients with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of serological markers of HBV and HCV in patients with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis and evaluate the possible risk factors associated with these infections. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 230 patients with hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis who attended a university hospital in Recife, Northeastern Brazil, from February to August 2008. The patients answered a standardized questionnaire about risk factors. Serum samples were analyzed for anti-HBc total, anti-HBs, HBsAg, and anti-HCV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence was 30% for anti-HBc total and/or HBsAg and 7.4% for anti-HCV. There was a higher frequency of the serological markers in females and in patients aged .50 years. A significant association was detected between the presence of anti-HCV and the receipt of six or more blood transfusions. There was no association of history and number of digestive endoscopies with the serological markers analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a higher prevalence of serological markers for HBV and a lower prevalence of anti-HCV. Our results indicate that females and patients of an advanced age are the most affected categories and that patients that received multiple transfusions are at a higher probability of HCV infection.

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Prevalence and risk factors to Leptospira sp. infection in dogs attended at veterinary clinics in João Pessoa, Paraíba State, Northeastern Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science ◽

10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2018.144154 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. e144154 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Arthur Willian De Lima Brasil ◽

Diego Figueiredo Da Costa ◽

Carla Lauise Rodrigues Menezes Pimenta ◽

Roberta Nunes Parentoni ◽

Clebert José Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Cutoff Point ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Northeast Brazil ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The City

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Leptospira sp. in dogs attended at veterinary clinics in the city of João Pessoa, State of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. A total of 384 blood samples from dogs from 34 veterinary clinics were used from April 2015 to May 2016. The diagnosis of Leptospira sp. was carried out through Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), using a collection of 20 pathogenic antigens and adopting a 1: 100 dilution as cutoff point. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to the owners of the animals to obtain data to be used in the analysis of risk factors. The prevalence of seropositive animals was 11.7% (45/384), with reactions for serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae (62.3%), Grippotyphosa (22.2%), Canicola (13.3%), Djasiman 2%) and Pomona (2.2%). The following risk factors were identified: age from 49 to 72 months (odds ratio = 2.74), Age > 72 months (odds ratio = 3.22), and monthly cleaning of the environment where the animals are kept (odds ratio = 10,70). It is concluded that dogs attended at veterinary clinics in João Pessoa are exposed to infection by Leptospira sp., with predominance of serogroups kept by wild animals, and it is suggested that the periodic cleaning of the environment where the animals are kept.

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Risk factors associated with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) infection in the semiarid of the state of Paraíba, in the northeast region of Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5p3095 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 3095

Author(s):

Ana Luisa Alves Marques ◽

Adriana Cunha de Oliveira Assis ◽

Sara Vilar Dantas Simões ◽

Mikael Leandro Duarte de Lima Tolentino ◽

Sérgio Santos de Azevedo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽

Infectious Agent ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽

Diarrhea Virus ◽

Viral Diarrhea ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Viral Diarrhea Virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has become an important viral infectious agent in cows and is considered endemic in many regions. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological status of BVDV in bovine herds in the semiarid state of Paraíba, in northeastern Brazil, by determining the frequency of anti-BVDV antibodies and risk factors associated with the infection. We tested 359 cows from 20 farms. Three had a history of clinically suspected bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) or mucosal disease (MD), whereas the other 17 locations were randomly selected. Detection of anti-BVDV antibodies was performed by indirect ELISA using a commercial kit (IDEXX BVDV p80 Ab Test). Risk factor analysis was performed in two steps, univariate and multivariate analysis. Seven samples were considered suspicious and were excluded from the analysis of seropositive animals. Of 352 animals, 141 (40.1 %; CI 95 % = 34. 9% – 45.2 %) were seropositive. Of the 20 farms analyzed, 19 (95%) had seropositive animals and the frequency of seropositivity per farm varied between 4.5 % and 85.7 %. The risk factors identified were as follows: area ? 120 hectares (OR = 3.06; CI 9 5% = 1.43 – 6.53), high animal density (OR = 3.48; CI 95 % = 1.24-9.79), weaning age ? 60 days (OR = 10.99; CI 95 % = 1.31-91.9), exchange of animals (OR = 4.95; CI 95 % = 2.08-11.8), calf mortality > 5% (OR = 2.33; CI 95 % = 1.07-5.11), and use of natural breeding and artificial insemination (OR = 3.06; CI 95 % = 1.22 – 7.67). It was suggested that to avoid the transmission of BVDV infection in bovine herds in the Sertão of Paraíba, it is important to prevent identified associated risk factors and to perform further studies, identifying persistently infected animals.

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An outbreak of bat-transmitted human rabies in a village in the Brazilian Amazon

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0034-89102009005000073 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 1075-1077 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Wellington da Silva Mendes ◽

Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva ◽

Romerito Fonseca Neiva ◽

Nicolle Matos Costa ◽

Maressa Soares de Assis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Human Rabies ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Village

During 45 days without electrical power, 57 individuals (8.7% of the population) from the village of Antônio Dino (municipality of Turiaçu, Northeastern Brazil) were attacked by bats and 16 died from human rabies. The aim of the study was to analyze the factors associated with bat attacks and the development of human rabies. Of the 46 individuals, who suffered bat attacks, 36 (78.3%) were under 17 years of age. The risk factors associated with bat attacks were age under 17 years, having observed bats inside the bedroom and having been without electrical power in the house. Age under 17 years and having been without electrical power in the house were factors associated with human rabies.

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