scholarly journals Residual feed intake of lactating Holstein-Friesian cows predicted from high-density genotypes and phenotyping of growing heifers

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 1436-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Davis ◽  
K.A. Macdonald ◽  
G.C. Waghorn ◽  
R.J. Spelman
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
High Density ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

Partitioning of energy and nitrogen in lactating primiparous and multiparous Holstein–Friesian cows with divergent residual feed intake

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Marett ◽  
S. R. O. Williams ◽  
B. J. Hayes ◽  
J. E. Pryce ◽  
W. J. Wales
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Nitrogen Partitioning ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

Residual feed intake (RFI) is the difference between an animal’s actual and expected feed intake. Two experiments were conducted comparing energy and nitrogen partitioning in mid-lactation, in Holstein–Friesian cows selected for high or low RFI measured previously as growing calves. Each experiment used 16 cows (8 high-RFI and 8 low-RFI); the first used primiparous (PP) cows and the second used multiparous (MP) cows. Cows were housed individually for 4 days in metabolism stalls, then open-circuit respiration chambers for 3 days. Each cow was offered ad libitum lucerne hay cubes plus 6 kg DM per day of crushed wheat grain. Individual feed intake, milk yield, milk composition and faecal and urine output were measured. Methane and carbon dioxide output and oxygen consumption were measured in the chambers. In MP cows, a greater proportion of energy intake was partitioned to milk and less to heat in low-RFI than high-RFI cows. The proportion of gross-energy intake per kilogram metabolic bodyweight partitioned to milk production was greater and the proportion partitioned to methane and heat production was lower in MP than in PP cows. Energy from tissue mobilisation was not affected by RFI or parity. The amount of nitrogen consumed from feed was greater in MP than PP cows. As a percentage of N intake, N partitioned to milk was greater in PP than in MP cows, but there were no overall effects of RFI on N partitioning. However, there was a trend towards a positive association between N excreted in the urine and RFI, which could have environmental implications. Both RFI and parity were associated with variation in energy and nitrogen partitioning and should be examined in a larger subset of animals in future.

Digestibility and nitrogen balance in dairy cows given diets of grass silage and whole crop wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
J D Sutton ◽  
A L Abdalla ◽  
R H Phipps ◽  
S B Cammell ◽  
D J Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Friesian Cows

Whole crop wheat (WCW) appears to offer an attractive alternative forage to grass silage for dairy cows, particularly in those areas where maize silage cannot be grown. However in previous feeding trials the inclusion of WCW with grass silage has increased food intake but has not led to a corresponding increase in milk yield (Phipps et al,1993). As part of a programme to try to overcome the low efficiency of diets containing WCW, the present experiment was designed to examine the effects on feed intake and digestibility and milk production of the step-wise replacement of GS by urea-treated WCW.Winter wheat (cv Hussar), harvested at 620g DM/kg fresh weight and preserved with 20 or 40 g urea/kg DM (WCW-2, WCW-4) was compared with first-cut perennial ryegrass silage (GS). Six multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows in mid-lactation were offered six diets over three 4-week periods in an incomplete change-over design. Diets were 6kg DM concentrates daily with forages ad lib. Treatments (DM basis) were GS alone, 2:1 GS:WCW-2 or WCW-4, 1:2 GS: WCW-2 or WCW-4, and WCW-4 alone. Feed intake and milk production were measured in weeks 3 and 4 and digestibility in week 4.

FEED INPUT AND MILK OUTPUT OF DAIRY COWS FED FIVE LEVELS OF GRAIN

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. HIRONAKA ◽  
G. C. KOZUB ◽  
S. B. SLEN
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Output ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Class Average ◽  
Friesian Cows

Forty Holstein–Friesian cows were fed concentrate at one of five levels (0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, or 0.35 kg concentrate/kg milk produced) and alfalfa hay to appetite. In a 280-day lactation period with twice-a-day milking, average milk production was 19.9 kg/day and increased 0.150 kg/0.01-kg increase of concentrate per kilogram of milk produced (P < 0.05). The rate of change in milk production, feed intake, and milk constituents was not affected by the breed–class–average (BCA) index of the cows over the BCA range studied. For each 0.01-kg increase in concentrate per kilogram of milk produced, daily increase in production of solids-not-fat was 0.0138 kg and of protein was 0.0052 kg (P < 0.05). Total energy secreted in milk increased, but not significantly, as the level of concentrate feeding increased. However, the proportion of energy consumed that was secreted in the milk declined from 26.8 to 23.5% (P < 0.10) as the level of concentrate feeding was increased.

scholarly journals Estimation of feed intake by cattle using controlled-release capsules containing n-alkanes or chromium sesquioxide

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. M. FERREIRA ◽  
M. OLIVÁN ◽  
M. A. M. RODRIGUES ◽  
K. OSORO ◽  
H. DOVE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Friesian Cows

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the utilization of the n-alkane technique and the chromium sesquioxide (Cr2O3)/acid insoluble ash (AIA) procedure to estimate feed intake of meadow hay by two breeds of cattle. The animals were housed in individual pens, and offered known amounts of meadow hay as the sole diet component. One group of 4 Barrosã cows (average weight, 457±24 kg) and another group of 4 Holstein–Friesian cows (average weight, 635±148 kg) were dosed with intra-ruminal controlled-release capsules (CRC) that contained alkane markers or Cr2O3 in separate capsules. During intake estimation, meadow hay and faeces were sampled twice daily. There was no significant effect of grab sampling time on the meadow hay intake estimation, due to the fact that no differences were observed in the faecal marker concentrations.The mean real intakes, measured as the difference between the dry weight of feed offered each day and the dry weight of daily feed refusal, were 5·64 and 7·76 kg DM/day for Barrosã and Holstein–Friesian cows, respectively. For Barrosã cows the mean estimated intakes when using the CRC release rates documented by the manufacturer (MRR) were 5·66, 6·59 and 6·90 kg DM/day, using the Cr2O3/AIA procedure, C31[ratio ]C32 and C33[ratio ]C32 n-alkane pairs, respectively. For Holstein–Friesian cows the same markers gave values of 7·72, 8·51 and 8·95 kg DM/day, respectively. Mean daily intake estimation was improved when the release rate calculated as the reduction rate in CRCs payload performed in a additional experiment (CRR), was used. The differences from the real intake values, obtained using C31[ratio ]C32 and C33[ratio ]C32 alkane pairs, decreased from 950 and 1260 g/day to 140 and 420 g/day, respectively, for Barrosã cows and from 750 and 1190 g/day to 290 and 90 g/day for Holstein–Friesian cows. The intake estimation using the Cr2O3/AIA procedure was not affected by correcting the CRC release rate, because the release rates of both MRR and the CRR were similar.The results indicate that controlled-release capsules provide a uniform marker release in cattle, but also suggest that to obtain accurate estimates of intake, it is better to measure release rates within the context of particular experiments.

Digestibility and nitrogen balance in dairy cows given diets of grass silage and whole crop wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
J D Sutton ◽  
A L Abdalla ◽  
R H Phipps ◽  
S B Cammell ◽  
D J Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Friesian Cows

Whole crop wheat (WCW) appears to offer an attractive alternative forage to grass silage for dairy cows, particularly in those areas where maize silage cannot be grown. However in previous feeding trials the inclusion of WCW with grass silage has increased food intake but has not led to a corresponding increase in milk yield (Phipps et al,1993). As part of a programme to try to overcome the low efficiency of diets containing WCW, the present experiment was designed to examine the effects on feed intake and digestibility and milk production of the step-wise replacement of GS by urea-treated WCW.Winter wheat (cv Hussar), harvested at 620g DM/kg fresh weight and preserved with 20 or 40 g urea/kg DM (WCW-2, WCW-4) was compared with first-cut perennial ryegrass silage (GS). Six multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows in mid-lactation were offered six diets over three 4-week periods in an incomplete change-over design. Diets were 6kg DM concentrates daily with forages ad lib. Treatments (DM basis) were GS alone, 2:1 GS:WCW-2 or WCW-4, 1:2 GS: WCW-2 or WCW-4, and WCW-4 alone. Feed intake and milk production were measured in weeks 3 and 4 and digestibility in week 4.

Comparison of different measuring methods for body temperature in lactating cows under different climatic conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Ammer ◽  
Christian Lambertz ◽  
Matthias Gauly
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

The aim of the research described here was to compare different methods of body temperature (BT) measurements in dairy cows. It was hypothesised that reticular temperature (RET) values reflect the physiological status of the animals in an equivalent way to rectal (RT) and vaginal (VT) measurements. RT, VT and RET temperatures of twelve lactating Holstein–Friesian cows were measured over five consecutive days in June and October 2013. While RT and VT were manually measured three times a day, RET was automatically recorded at 10 min intervals using a bolus in the reticulum. For comparison with RT and VT, different RET values were used: single values at the respective recording times (RET-SIN), and mean (RET-MEAN) and median (RET-MED) values of 2 h prior to RT and VT measurements. Overall, body temperatures averaged 38·1 ± 0·6, 38·2 ± 0·4, 38·7 ± 0·9, 38·5 ± 0·7 and 38·7 ± 0·5 °C for RT, VT, RET-SIN, RET-MEAN and RET-MED, respectively. RT and VT were lower than all RET measurements, while RET-SIN and RET-MED were higher than RET-MEAN (P < 0·001). RET-MEAN and RET-MED values were higher in the morning, whereas RT and VT were greatest in the evening (P < 0·001). Overall, records of RT and VT were strongly correlated (r = 0·75; P < 0·001). In contrast to RET-SIN and RET-MEAN, RET-MED was higher correlated to RT and VT. In June, coefficients were higher between all methods than in October. Relation of barn T to RT and VT was stronger when compared to RET measurements. RET-SIN was higher correlated to barn T than RET-MEAN or RET-MED. Correlation between VT and barn T was strongest (r = 0·48; P < 0·001). In summary, RET-MED showed highest correlation with VT and RT. However, single RET measurements (influenced by water or feed intake) can lead to extreme variations and differences to single VT and RT values.

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