scholarly journals Diets rich in starch increase the posthepatic availability of amino acids in dairy cows fed diets at low and normal protein levels

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 5151-5166 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cantalapiedra-Hijar ◽  
S. Lemosquet ◽  
J.M. Rodriguez-Lopez ◽  
F. Messad ◽  
I. Ortigues-Marty
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Levels

Effects of abomasal infusions of sodium caseinate, a hydrolysate of casein or a corresponding mixture of free amino acids on milk yield and composition in dairy cows

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai-Jun Choung ◽  
David G. Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Bioactive Peptides ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sodium Caseinate ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Kinetics Of

SummaryThe effects of the form in which amino acids are presented to the abomasum on the milk production of dairy cows receiving a basal diet of grass silage and a barley-based supplement were examined in two experiments. Effects of abomasal infusions of sodium caseinate were compared with the effects of corresponding levels of either an enzymic hydrolysate of casein (Expt 1) or a corresponding mixture of free amino acids (FAA; Expt 2). In Expt 1, although the yield of protein in milk increased progressively with each level of infusion, the yields of protein were greater for the caseinate than for the hydrolysate. Again, in Expt 2, for milk protein yield, sodium caseinate was superior to FAA at the lower level of infusion. In both experiments, the hydrolysate and FAA treatments were associated with higher concentrations of fat in the milk. There were indications of differences in the pattern of secretion of glucagon between the caseinate and FAA treatments. It is concluded that the differences between treatments relate either to the kinetics of absorption of amino acid residues or to the action of bioactive peptides released during digestion of casein.

scholarly journals Involvement of calcium-sensing receptor activation in the alleviation of intestinal inflammation in a piglet model by dietary aromatic amino acid supplementation

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (12) ◽  
pp. 1321-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongnan Liu ◽  
Bie Tan ◽  
Bo Huang ◽  
Jianjun Li ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

AbstractCa2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) represents a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel diseases and strongly prefers aromatic amino acid ligands. We investigated the regulatory effects of dietary supplementation with aromatic amino acids – tryptophan, phenylalanine and tyrosine (TPT) – on the CaSR signalling pathway and intestinal inflammatory response. The in vivo study was conducted with weanling piglets using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a randomised complete block design. Piglets were fed a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with TPT and with or without inflammatory challenge. The in vitro study was performed in porcine intestinal epithelial cell line to investigate the effects of TPT on inflammatory response using NPS-2143 to inhibit CaSR. Dietary supplementation of TPT alleviated histopathological injury and decreased myeloperoxidase activity in intestine challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Dietary supplementation of TPT decreased serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, TNF-α), as well as the mRNA abundances of pro-inflammatory cytokines in intestine but enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and transforming growth factor-β mRNA levels compared with pigs fed control diet and infected by lipopolysaccharide. Supplementation of TPT increased CaSR and phospholipase Cβ2 protein levels, but decreased inhibitor of NF-κB kinase α/β and inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) protein levels in the lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets. When the CaSR signalling pathway was blocked by NPS-2143, supplementation of TPT decreased the CaSR protein level, but enhanced phosphorylated NF-κB and IκB levels in IPEC-J2 cells. To conclude, supplementation of aromatic amino acids alleviated intestinal inflammation as mediated through the CaSR signalling pathway.

scholarly journals Thermal stability of amino acids in meals and feeds used in shrimp farming

Gaia Scientia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-389
Author(s):  
João Paulo de Sousa Prado ◽  
José Marcelino Oliveira Cavalheiro ◽  
Thiago Brandão Cavalheiro ◽  
Fernanda Vanessa Gomes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

The Brazilian shrimp farming uses mainly commercial feed for shrimp nutrition. This choice occurs because of the advantages related to convenience and good adaptation of Litopenaeus vannanmei to feed intake. Thus, the quality of feed is a determining factor for maximum performance of the shrimp farms, making the right selection of suppliers and control of the storage conditions as ways to prevent contamination and spoilage of feed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of amino acids in meals and commercial feed with different protein levels, subjected to high-temperature storage. The samples were exposed to temperature of 50 oC and evaluated every 5 days for 30 days.The analyses of the degradation of amino acids were performed using an elution gradient in HPLC system.In evaluated meals it was observed that valine and arginine were the amino acids that suffered greater loss during the experiment and histidine and alanine suffered less degradation.Significant difference was observed in the content of all amino acids analyzed after exposure of the feed to the temperature of 50 oC; with reduce in values of its amino acid content. The results obtained in this study indicate that meals and feed exposed to elevated temperatures significantly reduced the content of its amino acids.

scholarly journals Effect of urea supplementation on urea kinetics and splanchnic flux of amino acids in dairy cows

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lapierre ◽  
D. Ouellet ◽  
R. Berthiaume ◽  
C. Girard ◽  
P. Dubreuil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Urea Kinetics

scholarly journals Blood amino acids profile responding to heat stress in dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Guo ◽  
Shengtao Gao ◽  
Suyu Quan ◽  
Yangdong Zhang ◽  
Dengpan Bu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Amino Acids Profile

Plasma essential amino acids concentrations of early lactating Holstein dairy cows fed diet containing raw or roasted Iranian soybean

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 182-182
Author(s):  
Forouzan Tabatabaie ◽  
Hassan Fathi ◽  
Mohsen Danesh
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Physical Method ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
High Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Physical Treatments

Whole soybean has 40-42 percent CP and used as high energy-protein supplement for early lactation dairy cows. However, the protein is highly degradable, so small amounts of amino acids can be reached to small intestine to meet high amino acid requirements of early lactating cows. Therefore, various chemical and physical treatments have been suggested to decrease ruminal protein degradability of soybeans. The practical use and application of any one method to lower ruminal feed degradability is dependent not only on its efficacy but also on its cost effectiveness, safety and ease of application. For these reasons, heat treatment is the most commonly used physical method (Plegge et al., 1985). The purpose of this study was to determine how roasting of soybeans affect plasma essential amino acid concentrations in early lactation cows.

The effects of postruminal supplements of casein and of soya-protein isolate with or without additional amino acids on silage intake and milk production in dairy cows

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 202-202
Author(s):  
Jai-Jun Choung ◽  
David G. Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Soya Protein ◽  
Soya Protein Isolate ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

When the proteins are given direct into the abomasum of dairy cows receiving diets based on grass silage, casein produces much greater responses of milk production than do equivalent amounts of soya-protein (Choung and Chamberlain 1991a, b). However, the cause of these differences of response is not known. In feeding trials, supplementation of silage diets containing soya bean meal with rumen-protected forms of the amino acids thought to be most limiting, methionine and lysine, has been without effect (Girdler et al 1988).

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