scholarly journals Effect of Feeding Cod Liver Oil and Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Rumen Volatile Fatty Acids and Milk Fat Content

1959 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1238-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Shaw ◽  
W.L. Ensor
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Some effects of unsaturated oils given to dairy cows with rations of different roughage content

1971 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. Nicholson ◽  
J. D. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Fish Oils ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Dietary Oil ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

SummaryThree experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feeding polyunsaturated fish oils to dairy cows receiving rations of high, medium or low roughage content. In the rumen, the decreases in the proportion of acetic acid and increases in propionic acid induced by the oils became greater as the amount of oil given was increased but the magnitude of the response to any dose depended upon the composition of the basal diet. The effects on volatile fatty acids (VFA) proportions of small amounts of the oils (125–150 ml/day) were greatest with the low-roughage rations. With large doses of oil (375–450 ml/day) the responses were variable but it is concluded that, in general, changes in VFA proportions are least with low-roughage rations.The fat content of milk was more sensitive to dietary oil supplementation than were the rumen VFA proportions. When the unsaturated oils were given there was a decrease in milk fat percentage and an increase in the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the fat; there was also increased incorporation of fatty acids with more than 18 carbon atoms in the milk fat. The metabolism in the rumen tended to become adapted to the feeding of 150 ml/day of oil, the VFA pattern returning during the second and third week of supplementation to that observed before the addition of oil.

Studies of the secretion of milk of low fat content by cows on diets low in hay and high in concentrates: VII. The effect of administration of volatile fatty acids to cows giving normal milk and milk of low fat content

1959 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Balch ◽  
S. J. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Daily Administration ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Sodium Propionate

1. The administration of 0·5–1·5 kg. sodium acetate to cows in which the milk fat percentage had been reduced by diets low in hay and high in concentrates usually brought about an appreciable improvement in fat percentage. The extent of the response varied from slight to complete. The Reichert value of the milk fat fell with diets low in hay, but was raised by administration of acetate.2. The daily administration of 500 g. sodium acetate to cows receiving diets containing normal levels of hay and concentrates according to their milk yields did not affect the milk fat content.3. The daily administration of 414 g. sodium propionate did not restore fat percentages lowered by the diets low in hay. Butyrate appeared, in a test with one cow, to possess the restorative properties of acetate.4. With diets containing either 50 lb. silage as the sole roughage or 60 lb. fodder beet and only 6 lb. hay, fat percentages were the same as with a normal diet containing 16 lb. hay.

scholarly journals The relationship in the cow between milk-fat secretion and ruminal volatile fatty acids

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Storry ◽  
J. A. F. Rook
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Initial Control ◽  
The Individual

1. The effect of reducing the hay and of increasing the proportions of concentrate and flaked maize in the diet of cows on the secretion of milk fat and its component fatty acids and on the proportions of volatile fatty acids in the rumen liquor has been studied. 2. The low-hay diet caused a fall in the milk fat content to about half of the values in the initial control period and the secretion of all the major fatty acids in the milk was reduced. The general pattern of change in the proportions of rumen VFA during the change to the low-hay diet was a decrease in acetic acid, an increase in propionic and n-valeric acids, relatively little change in n-butyric acid and also an increase in the concentration of lactic acid. Approximately 60% of the variation in milk fat content during the change of diet was associated with the increase in propionic acid. 3. In cows established on the low-hay diet there were marked variations in the relative proportions of acetic and propionic acids, but there was no related change in milk fat content. On return of the animals to the high-hay diet, recovery of the initial proportions of acetic, propionic and valeric acids occurred within about 4 days but the recovery in milk fat content was not complete until 2–3 weeks had elapsed. 4. Although the intraruminal infusion of acetic acid in cows on the low-hay diet caused increases and decreases respectively in the molar proportions of acetic and propionic acids in the rumen, an increase in milk fat content was observed amounting to only one-quarter of the loss associated with the transfer to the low-hay diet; therem was no characteristic pattern of increase in the yields of the individual fatty acids of milk fat. No consistent effects of intraruminal infusions of butyric acid, in cows on the low-hay diet, on the yield of milk fat or of the individual fatty acids were observed.

Influence of Milk Fat Higher in Unsaturated Fatty Acids on the Accuracy of Milk Fat Analyses by the Mid-Infrared Spectroscopic Method

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 890-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
GENE A. STEGEMAN ◽  
ROBERT J. BAER ◽  
DAVID J. SCHINGOETHE ◽  
DAVID P. CASPER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Bovine Somatotropin ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopic

An experiment was conducted to investigate the reliability of milk fat measurement by the mid-infrared spectroscopic method when analyzing milk fat containing greater than normal amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. Sixteen mid-lactation Holstein cows were divided into four treatments including a control (C), control with bovine somatotropin (C+), bovine somatotropin and added dietary fat from sunflower seeds (Sun+), or bovine somatotropin and added dietary fat from safflower seeds (Saff+). Milks were sampled weekly for 16 weeks (n=256). Unsaturated fatty acid percentages in milk fat were 25.0, 28.4, 39.6, and 37.9 for C, C+, Sun+, and Saff+ treatments, respectively. Milk fat percentages measured by the Mojonnier fat extraction and mid-infrared spectroscopic methods were 2.99, 2.97; 3.06, 3.01; 2.73, 2.56; and 2.86, 2.74 for C, C+, Sun+, and Saff+ treatments, respectively. Results indicate the mid-infrared spectroscopic method underestimates the fat content in milk which is higher in unsaturated fatty acids. Dairy producers feeding diets with added fat from unsaturated fat sources may be underpaid for milk fat content when the milk is analyzed by the mid-infrared spectroscopic method. A possible remedy for this problem may be to have milk plants calibrate the mid-infrared spectroscopic instrument with milk samples containing higher than normal amounts of unsaturated fatty acids in milk fat.

Hormonal profiles, rumen volatile fatty acids and milktrans‐C18:1 fatty acids in relation to milk fat content in restricted or ad libitum fed dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berit Samuelsson ◽  
Margareta Emanuelson ◽  
Gun Olsson ◽  
Kerstin Uvnäs‐Moberg ◽  
Kerstin Svennersten‐Sjaunja
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Hormonal Profiles ◽  
Ad Libitum

scholarly journals Identification of the Potential Role of the Rumen Microbiome in Milk Protein and Fat Synthesis in Dairy Cows Using Metagenomic Sequencing

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1247
Author(s):  
Xin Wu ◽  
Shuai Huang ◽  
Jinfeng Huang ◽  
Peng Peng ◽  
Yanan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Prevotella Species

The rumen contains abundant microorganisms that aid in the digestion of lignocellulosic feed and are associated with host phenotype traits. Cows with extremely high milk protein and fat percentages (HPF; n = 3) and low milk protein and fat percentages (LPF; n = 3) were selected from 4000 lactating Holstein cows under the same nutritional and management conditions. We found that the total concentration of volatile fatty acids, acetate, butyrate, and propionate in the rumen fluid was significantly higher in the HPF group than in the LPF group. Moreover, we identified 38 most abundant species displaying differential richness between the two groups, in which Prevotella accounted for 68.8% of the species, with the highest abundance in the HPF group. Functional annotation based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG), evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups (eggNOG), and Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZy) databases showed that the significantly more abundant species in the HPF group are enriched in carbohydrate, amino acid, pyruvate, insulin, and lipid metabolism and transportation. Furthermore, Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed that specific microbial taxa (mainly the Prevotella species and Neocallimastix californiae) are positively correlated with total volatile fatty acids (VFA). Collectively, we found that the HPF group was enriched with several Prevotella species related to the total VFA, acetate, and amino acid synthesis. Thereby, these fulfilled the host’s needs for energy, fat, and rumen microbial protein, which can be used for increased biosynthesis of milk fat and milk protein. Our findings provide novel information for elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of the rumen in the formation of milk composition.

Fatty acid profile of milk from Nordestina donkey breed raised on Caatinga pasture

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Tayanna Bernardo Oliveira Nunes Messias ◽  
Susana Paula Alves ◽  
Rui José Branquinho Bessa ◽  
Marta Suely Madruga ◽  
Maria Teresa Bertoldo Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Donkey Milk ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Third ◽  
Commercial Viability

Abstract In this research communication we describe the composition of fatty acids (FA) present in the milk of the Nordestina donkey breed, and how they differ during lactation. Milk samples were taken from 24 multiparous lactating Nordestina donkeys that grazed the Caatinga, comprising 5 animals at each of around 30, 60 and 90 d in milk (DIM) and a further 9 animals ranging from 120 to 180 DIM. The milk fat content was analysed by mid infrared spectroscopy and the FA profile by gas chromatography. The milk fat percentage ranged from 0.45 to 0.61%. The main FA found in milk were 16:0 and 18:1c9. These did not differ among DIM classes and comprised 23% and 25% of total FA. Notably, the α-Linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) was the third most abundant FA and differed (P < 0.05) with DIM, being lowest in the 30 and 60 DIM samples (around 10.7% of total FA) and highest in the 60 and 90 DIM classes (around 14.6% of total FA). The low-fat content and the FA profile of the donkey milk gives it potential as a functional ingredient, which could help to preserve the commercial viability of the Nordestina donkey breed.

PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE ADDITION OF GLUCOGENIC MATERIALS TO THE RATIONS OF LACTATING COWS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
J. D. ERFLE ◽  
F. D. SAUER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

Glutamate, succinate, propylene glycol, or glycerol were added to a basic concentrate at 3.3% of air-dry feed. Each concentrate was fed both ad libitum and in restricted amounts to four cows in early lactation. Dietary intake, milk yield and composition, molar proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids and blood glucose, ketones and plasma free fatty acids were used as criteria of effect of these supplements. Propylene glycol in the diet resulted in a lower intake of concentrate compared with glycerol (11.44 versus 14.30 kg/day) and significantly decreased (P < 0.05) rumen butyrate and plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate. Glutamate supplementation prevented the fall in milk fat content which occurred when the other three supplemented concentrates were fed ad libitum, and this effect may have been related to the constancy in the ratio of acetate to propionate in the rumen fluid.

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