Experimental Investigation of Pomegranate Peel and Grape Seed Powder Additives on the Rheological and Filtration Properties of Un-Weighted WBM

The chemical additives used to enhance the properties of drilling mud cause damage to humans and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to search for alternative additives to add them to the drilling mud. Thus, this study investigates the effects of pomegranate peel and grape seed powders as natural waste when added to un-weighted water-based mud. The test includes measurements of the rheological properties and filtration, as well as the alkanity and density of the drilling mud. The results showed a decrease in PH values with an increase in the concentrations of pomegranate peel or grapeseed, and a decrease in mud density with an increase in powders of pomegranate peel and grape seed concentrations that resulted from the formation of foam. The rheological properties appeared with increasing except for the plastic viscosity. Grape seed powders reduce the filter cake thickness required to solve drilling problems caused by an increase in the mud cake thickness. From the laboratory results, it's possible to use powders of pomegranate peel and grape seed as additives to reduce plastic viscosity and filtrate volume.

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Effect of pH on Rheological and Filtration Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluid Based on Bentonite

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11236714 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (23) ◽

pp. 6714 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Hany Gamal ◽

Salaheldin Elkatatny ◽

Salem Basfar ◽

Abdulaziz Al-Majed

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Yield Point ◽

Filter Cake ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Gel Strength ◽

Plastic Viscosity ◽

Effect Of Ph ◽

Drilling Operation ◽

Water Based ◽

Filtration Properties

The design of drilling fluids is very important for the drilling operation success. The rheological properties play a key role in the performance of the drilling fluid. Therefore, studying the mud rheological properties of the water-based drilling fluid based on bentonite is essential. The main objectives of this study are to address the effect of pH changes on the rheological and filtration properties of the water-based drilling fluid based on bentonite and to provide a recommended pH range for this drilling fluid for a safe and high-performance drilling operation. Different samples of the water-based drilling fluid based on bentonite with different pH values were prepared, and the rheological properties such as plastic viscosity, yield point, and gel strength were measured. After that, the filtration test was performed under 300 psi differential pressure and 200 °F. The pH for the water-based drilling fluid based on bentonite significantly affects the mud rheology. The shear stress and shear rate relation were varying with the change in the pH. Increasing the pH from 8 to 12 resulted in decreasing the plastic viscosity by 53% and the yield point by 82%, respectively. The ratio of yield point / plastic viscosity was 1.4 for pH of 8 while it decreased to 0.5 for a pH of 11 and 12. There was a significant decrease in the gel strength readings by increasing the pH. The filtrate volume and filter cake thickness increased by increasing pH. The filtration volume increased from 9.5 cm3 to 12.6 cm3 by increasing the pH from 9 to 12. The filter cake thickness was 2 mm at 9 pH, while it was increased to 3.6 mm for 12 pH. It is recommended from the results to keep the pH of water-based drilling fluid based on bentonite in the range of 9 to 10 as it provides the optimum mud rheological and filtration properties. The findings of this study illustrated that keeping the pH in the range of 9 to 10 will reduce the plastic viscosity that will help in increasing the rate of penetration and reducing the required pump pressure to circulate the mud to the surface which will help to sustain the drilling operation. In addition, reducing the filtrate volume will produce a thin filter cake which will help in avoiding the pipe sticking and protect the environment. In general, optimizing the pH of the water-based drilling fluid based on bentonite in the range of 9 to 10 will improve the drilling operation and minimize the total cost.

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Enhancement in Lubricating, Rheological, and Filtration Properties of Unweighted Water-Based Mud Using XC Polymer NPs

Journal of Engineering ◽

10.31026/j.eng.2019.02.07 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 96-115

Author(s):

Massara Salam ◽

Nada S. Al-Zubaidi ◽

Asawer A. Al-Wasiti

Keyword(s):

Filter Press ◽

X Ray ◽

Cake Thickness ◽

Mud Cake ◽

Particle Size Analyzer ◽

Water Based ◽

Filtration Properties ◽

Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽

Reduction Percentage ◽

Lubricating Properties

In this research, an enhancement in lubricating, rheological, and filtration properties of unweighted water-based mud is fundamentally investigated using XC polymer NPs with 0.2gm, 0.5gm, 1gm, 2gm, and 4gm concentrations. Bentonite, that had been used in the preparation of unweighted water-based mud, was characterized using XRF-1800 Sequential X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer, XRD-6100/7000 X-ray Diffractometer, and Malvern Mastersizer 2000 particle size analyzer, respectively. Lubricating, rheology and filtration properties of unweighted water-based mud were measured at room temperature (35°C) using OFITE EP and Lubricity Tester, OFITE Model 900 Viscometer, and OFITE Low-Pressure Filter Press, respectively. XC Polymer NPs show a good enhancement in lubricating, rheology and filtration properties of unweighted water-based mud. The effect of XC Polymer NPs on lubricating properties was denoted at 4gm concentration, where the reduction percentage in COF was 30%. An increase in PV, YP, AV, gel strength of unweighted water-based mud was obtained due to the addition of XC Polymer NPs at concentrations up to 4gm. A reduction in filtrate volume and mud cake thickness of unweighted water-based mud was obtained due to the addition of XC Polymer NPs at 2gm and 4gm concentrations, the best result was obtained with using 4gm concentration, the reduction percentage of filtrate volume was 20.7% and mud cake thickness was 41%.

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Studying the Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Fluids under the Effect of temperature Using Different Chemical Additives

Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering ◽

10.31699/ijcpe.2020.2.6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 47-56

Author(s):

Douaa Hussein Ali ◽

Muhannad A.R. Mohammed

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Yield Point ◽

Apparent Viscosity ◽

Methyl Cellulose ◽

Plastic Viscosity ◽

Newtonian Fluids ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Chemical Additives ◽

Bingham Plastic ◽

Low Viscosity

This research studies the rheological properties ( plastic viscosity, yield point and apparent viscosity) of Non-Newtonian fluids under the effect of temperature using different chemical additives, such as (xanthan gum (xc-polymer), carboxyl methyl cellulose ( High and low viscosity ) ,polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, starch, Quebracho and Chrome Lignosulfonate). The samples were prepared by mixing 22.5g of bentonite with 350 ml of water and adding the additives in four different concentrations (3, 6, 9, 13) g by using Hamilton Beach mixer. The rheological properties of prepared samples were measured by using Fan viscometer model 8-speeds. All the samples were subjected to Bingham plastic model. The temperature range studied is from 50 to 200 °F. The results shows that the rheological properties (plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity and yield point) decreased as temperature increased for all prepared samples of non-Newtonian fluids.

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Experimental analysis of drilling fluid prepared by mixing iron (III) oxide nanoparticles with a KCl–Glycol–PHPA polymer-based mud used in drilling operation

Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology ◽

10.1007/s13202-020-00933-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 3389-3397 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nayem Ahmed ◽

Md. Saiful Alam ◽

M. A. Salam

Keyword(s):

Filter Cake ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Gel Strength ◽

Filter Press ◽

Plastic Viscosity ◽

Fluid Loss ◽

Drilling Mud ◽

Drilling Operation ◽

Critical Issues ◽

Mud Loss

Abstract Loss of drilling fluid commonly known as mud loss is considered as one of the critical issues during the drilling operation as it can cause severe formation damage. To minimize fluid loss, researchers introduced numerous additives but did not get the expected result. Recently, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in drilling fluid gives a new hope to control the fluid loss. A basic KCl–Glycol–PHPA polymer-based mud is made, and six different concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 wt% iron (III) oxide or Hematite (Fe2O3) NPs are mixed with the basic mud. The experimental observations reveal that fluid loss of basic mud is 5.9 ml after 30 min and prepared nano-based drilling mud results in a less fluid loss at all concentrations. Nanoparticles with a concentration of 0.5 wt% result in a 5.1 ml fluid loss at the API LTLP filter press test. On the other hand, nanoparticles with a concentration of 3.0 wt% enhance the plastic viscosity, yield point, and 10 s gel strength by 15.0, 3.0, and 12.5%, respectively. The optimum concentration of hematite NPs is found to be 0.5 wt% which reduces the API LPLT filtrate volume and filter cake thickness by 13.6 and 40%, respectively, as well as an improvement of plastic viscosity by 10%.

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PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN GARAM NaCl PADA LUMPUR PEMBORAN BERBAGAI TEMPERATUR

PETRO ◽

10.25105/petro.v5i2.2509 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Widia Yanti ◽

Abdul Hamid ◽

Ibnu Badar Bajri

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Fresh Water ◽

Solid Content ◽

Drilling Mud ◽

Electrical Stability ◽

Mud Cake ◽

Salt Addition ◽

Oil Water ◽

Water Ratio

<p>The unidealized of physical and rheological mud can occured when drilling on rock layers with high salt concentrations. It is therefore necessary to add an additive to balance the effect of the salt. The aims of this study is to see the effect of salt addition on various temperature drilling mud.</p><p>This research will use two types of mud with different oil-water ratio. The drilling mud will be divided into four compositions, ie LA, LB, LC, and LD. LA and LC compositions have an oil-water ratio of 80% oil and 20% fresh water. While LB and LD compositions have oil-water ratio of 75% oil and 25% fresh water. Then the study was conducted at various temperatures, ie 80 °F, 130 °F, 180 °F, 230 °F, 280 °F, and 330 °F. After observing of the physical properties and rheology of drilling mud, it was found that the effect of adding salt NaCl can improve the physical and rheological properties of mud such as density, viscosity, gel strengh, mud cake, and solid content. Conversely, the effect of adding NaCl salt may reduce the nature of electrical stability. While the increasing of the temperature can reduce the physical and rheological properties of mud and on the contrary the loss of water and mud cake will increase.</p>

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Effect of carboxymethylcellulose on the rheological and filtration properties of bentonite clay samples determined by experimental planning and statistical analysis

Cerâmica ◽

10.1590/0366-69132018643702332 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (370) ◽

pp. 254-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. M. A. Brito ◽

P. M. Bastos ◽

A. J. A. Gama ◽

J. M. Cartaxo ◽

G. A. Neves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Apparent Viscosity ◽

Bentonite Clay ◽

Plastic Viscosity ◽

Drilling Fluids ◽

Experimental Planning ◽

Water Based ◽

Filtration Properties

Abstract Over the past few years, considerable research has been conducted using the techniques of mixture delineation and statistical modeling. Through this methodology, applications in various technological fields have been found/optimized, especially in clay technology, leading to greater efficiency and reliability. This work studied the influence of carboxymethylcellulose on the rheological and filtration properties of bentonite dispersions to be applied in water-based drilling fluids using experimental planning and statistical analysis for clay mixtures. The dispersions were prepared according to Petrobras standard EP-1EP-00011-A, which deals with the testing of water-based drilling fluid viscosifiers for oil prospecting. The clay mixtures were transformed into sodic compounds, and carboxymethylcellulose additives of high and low molar mass were added, in order to improve their rheology and filtrate volume. Experimental planning and statistical analysis were used to verify the effect. The regression models were calculated for the relation between the compositions and the following rheological properties: apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, and filtrate volume. The significance and validity of the models were confirmed. The results showed that the 3D response surfaces of the compositions with high molecular weight carboxymethylcellulose added were the ones that most contributed to the rise in apparent viscosity and plastic viscosity, and that those with low molecular weight were the ones that most helped in the reduction of the filtrate volume. Another important observation is that the experimental planning and statistical analysis can be used as an important auxiliary tool to optimize the rheological properties and filtrate volume of bentonite clay dispersions for use in drilling fluids when carboxymethylcellulose is added.

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A Comparative Study of Diesel Oil and Soybean Oil as Oil-Based Drilling Mud

Journal of Petroleum Engineering ◽

10.1155/2015/828451 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Okorie E. Agwu ◽

Anietie N. Okon ◽

Francis D. Udoh

Keyword(s):

Soybean Oil ◽

Yield Point ◽

Filter Cake ◽

Density Measurement ◽

Diesel Oil ◽

Gel Strength ◽

Fluid Loss ◽

Drilling Mud ◽

Cake Thickness ◽

Filtration Loss

Oil-based mud (OBM) was formulated with soybean oil extracted from soybean using the Soxhlet extraction method. The formulated soybean mud properties were compared with diesel oil mud properties. The compared properties were rheological properties, yield point and gel strength, and mud density and filtration loss properties, fluid loss and filter cake. The results obtained show that the soybean oil mud exhibited Bingham plastic rheological model with applicable (low) yield point and gel strength when compared with the diesel oil mud. The mud density measurement showed that soybean OBM was slightly higher than diesel OBM with mud density values of 8.10 lb/gal and 7.98 lb/gal, respectively, at barite content of 10 g. Additionally, the filtration loss test results showed that soybean mud fluid loss volumes, water and oil, were 13 mL and 10 mL, respectively, compared to diesel oil mud volume of 15 mL and 12 mL. Furthermore, the filtration loss test indicated that the soybean oil mud with filter cake thickness of 2 mm had a cake characteristic of thin and soft while the diesel oil mud resulted in filter cake thickness of 2.5 mm with cake characteristic of firm and rubbery. In comparison with previous published works in the literature, the soybean oil mud exhibits superior rheological and filtration property over other vegetable oil-based muds. Therefore, the formulated soybean oil mud exhibited good drilling mud properties that would compare favourably with those of diesel oil muds. Its filter cake characteristic of thin and soft is desirable and significant to avert stuck pipe during drilling operations, meaning that an oil-based drilling mud could be formulated from soybean oil.

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Enhancing the Rheological Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluid by Utilizing of Environmentally-Friendly Materials

Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies ◽

10.52716/jprs.v11i3.533 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 66-81

Author(s):

Amel Habeeb Assi ◽

Ahmed Abdallah Haiawi

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Yield Point ◽

Ph Value ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Plastic Viscosity ◽

Drilling Fluids ◽

Corn Cob ◽

Chemical Additives ◽

Main Components

Recently, many materials have shown that they can be used as alternatives to chemicals materials in order to be used to improve the properties of drilling fluids. Some of these materials are banana peels and corn cobs which both are considered environmentally- friendly materials. The results of the X-ray diffraction examination have proved that the main components of these materials are cellulose and hemicellulose, which contribute greatly to the increasing of the effectiveness of these two materials. Due to their distinct composition, these two materials have improved the rheological properties (plastic viscosity and yield point) and reduced the filtration of the drilling fluids to a large extent. The addition rates used for each of the two materials (banana peels and corn cob) are 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6%. As regard to banana peels, the results have shown that there is a direct correlation between the addition ratios, the increase in the rheological properties (plastic viscosity and yield point), and the decrease in filtration The corn cob has shown the same results. Also, 0.01% increase in the pH value was observed when adding a corn cob, while adding banana peels showed the opposite, as adding them led to 0.02% decrease in the pH value. Among the other properties that have been studied is density, as it has been noticed that there is no significant effect of these two materials on the density of drilling fluid. Moreover, the performance of these two materials has been compared with the PAC polymer. This research suggests that the possibility of moving towards corn cob and dried banana peels as additives for biodegradable drilling fluid. Apart from being environmentally friendly, the choice of using them is considered economically more efficient than other chemical additives. By all accounts, the above materials are an increasingly rational choice for moving forward for an environmentally friendly oil industry.

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