scholarly journals Socio-economic Disparities in Balochistan: Assessing StructuralEtiology

2018 ◽  
Vol III (I) ◽  
pp. 134-154
Author(s):  
Inayat Kalim ◽  
Syeda Zohra Jabeen Naqvi ◽  
Muhammad Mubeen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Economic Disparities ◽  
Economic Discrimination ◽  
The People

This study attempts to explain the insurgency in Balochistan in the context of existing socio-economic disparities. Structural etiology is a systemic and institutionalized deprivation of the people to their needs and rights. The empirical evidence suggests that violence in Balochistan is a complex phenomenon triggered by numerous instigators. The data on socio-economic indicators testifies that Balochistan lags behind the rest of the provinces on all important indicators, which points towards structural negligence. From the analysis of the data collected through interviews, socio-economic discrimination has been an influential factor that promoted Baloch insurgency.

Access to Safe Drinking Water

2020 ◽  
pp. 1544-1558
Author(s):  
Robert Cecil Willems ◽  
Steve A. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Water System ◽  
Vested Interest ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Majority World ◽  
The People

The focus of this chapter is to demonstrate that providing safe drinking water to communities in Majority World countries, specifically Kenya, Africa, is easily accomplished. Any water system, in order to be successfully constructed in impoverished Majority World communities, must be simple and inexpensive and the benefiting community must have a vested interest and ownership for the system to be effective. Establishing a vested interest by water recipients requires that the people providing the water purification technology understand the culture and worldview of the water system recipients. This approach is supported by literature review but more so by empirical evidence gathered by both authors.

scholarly journals Shadow Economy in Tourism: Some Conceptual Considerations from Croatia

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Kesar ◽  
Katarina Čuić
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Abstract Although the importance of tourism for the Croatian economy is widely recognized and well documented, the issues related to the existence of shadow economy in tourism are not yet fully investigated and resolved. In spite of many attempts to estimate the size and impacts of shadow economy in tourism, there is still much controversy regarding the scope of the research area and the appropriateness of methodological approaches used to quantify this complex phenomenon. The present study aimed to (1) summarize the existing body of empirical evidence related to the shadow economy in tourism, with special reference to the case of Croatia, and to (2) shed some more light on additional aspects and variables which have been found to be important determinants for better understanding of the nature of the shadow economy in tourism. In order to reduce the adverse impacts of the shadow economy in tourism, some policy recommendations are suggested.

scholarly journals Pentecostalism and schisms in the Reformed Church in Zambia (1996–2001): Listening to the people

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Soko ◽  
H. Jurgens Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Christian Reformed ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The People ◽  
Christian Reformed Church ◽  
Practical Theological ◽  
The Church

This article is descriptive in nature and a practical theological assessment of the schisms that took place in the Reformed Church in Zambia (RCZ) between 1996 and 2001. It analyses empirical evidence to find an answer to the question why it happened. Pentecostal or charismatic tendencies have challenged the long inherited tradition of mainline churches. Subsequently, Pentecostal or charismatic movements have caused intense conflict in the church between the pro-conservatives and pro-Pentecostals. In the RCZ this led to the formation of the Christian Reformed Church (CRC) in 1999 and the Bible Gospel Church in Africa (BIGOCA) in 2001.

scholarly journals Theoretical and empirical evidence for the impact of inductive biases on cultural evolution

2008 ◽  
Vol 363 (1509) ◽  
pp. 3503-3514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L Griffiths ◽  
Michael L Kalish ◽  
Stephan Lewandowsky
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The People ◽  
Behavioural Experiments ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Impact

The question of how much the outcomes of cultural evolution are shaped by the cognitive capacities of human learners has been explored in several disciplines, including psychology, anthropology and linguistics. We address this question through a detailed investigation of transmission chains, in which each person passes information to another along a chain. We review mathematical and empirical evidence that shows that under general conditions, and across experimental paradigms, the information passed along transmission chains will be affected by the inductive biases of the people involved—the constraints on learning and memory, which influence conclusions from limited data. The mathematical analysis considers the case where each person is a rational Bayesian agent. The empirical work consists of behavioural experiments in which human participants are shown to operate in the manner predicted by the Bayesian framework. Specifically, in situations in which each person's response is used to determine the data seen by the next person, people converge on concepts consistent with their inductive biases irrespective of the information seen by the first member of the chain. We then relate the Bayesian analysis of transmission chains to models of biological evolution, clarifying how chains of individuals correspond to population-level models and how selective forces can be incorporated into our models. Taken together, these results indicate how laboratory studies of transmission chains can provide information about the dynamics of cultural evolution and illustrate that inductive biases can have a significant impact on these dynamics.

scholarly journals Equity Impacts of Transportation Improvements On Core and Peripheral Cities

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eran Leck ◽  
Shlomo Bekhor ◽  
Daniel Gat
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Models ◽  
Discrete Choice Models ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Disparities ◽  
Policy Simulations ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Wage Disparities ◽  
Transportation Improvements

The aim of this paper is to assess the short-term impact of transportation improvements on the reduction of socio-economic disparities between core and peripheral cities. Data used in the analysis was extracted from the 1995 Israel Census. The methodology applied in the study was to estimate discrete choice models in an attempt to identify key variables affecting commuting decisions. Policy simulations are employed to illustrate the effect of diminishing spatial friction on wage convergence between poor southern towns and affluent core cities. The empirical evidence suggests that transportation improvements, especially in the form of introducing new rail links in underserved cities, could significantly contribute to the alleviation of spatial wage disparities between core and peripheral cities.

scholarly journals SOSIALISASI PENTINGNYA TIDAK MEMBUANG AIR BESAR DI SUNGAI (STOP BABS) DI DESA GAMPANG KECAMATAN PRAMBON

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Shoim Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intentional Behavior ◽  
The People ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

Sanitation is the one component of environmental health as intentional behavior for cultivate human hygiene to prevent direct contact with dirt and other hazardous waste material, with the hope to maintain and improve human health. This is because, the environment may play a direct cause influential factor in supporting the outbreak of disease and as factors affecting the course of the disease. All feces is a medium as breeding and seed base of infectious diseases. The impact of the disease is most often caused by defecation to the river is the widespread bacterium Escherichia coli, which can cause diarrhea. After that could be dehydrated, and because of the condition of human body’s down then get other diseases. The river is a very important source of water to support human’s life. Dynamism watersheds are influenced by the weather, river flow characteristics and human behaviour of the people who live around the river banks. As a result of effluent from people behaviour causes disturbance to the ecosystem of the river flow. Starting from the non-fulfillment of water quality 3B standarts (colorless, odorless and non-toxic), reduced numbers of fish and water animals, the emergence of a rundown neighborhood until the emergence of health problems and others, therefore, to KKN-PPM in the field of Environmental Sanitation and Supply water in the village Easy in Subdisrtict Prambon, Sidoarjo, the program will be made by "socialization of Great Importance Not Throw water on the River (STOP BABS)".

Declining Trust in Elites and Why We Should Worry About It – With Empirical Evidence from Germany

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Kaina
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People

‘WITHOUT TRUST WE WILL NOT SOLVE OUR PROBLEMS,’ WARNED Johannes Rau, the former German Federal president in his last ‘Berlin speech’ in May 2004. As one reason for an alarming loss of trust in Germany, creating a serious obstacle to necessary changes, he identified an irresponsible, egoistic and greedy behaviour among parts of German elites. Actually, Johannes Rau did not blame only political elites but also elite members in other sectors such as business, trade unions or mass media. His statement implies that parts of German elites are causing a decline in trust in Germany by losing touch with the people. Likewise, various observers in the public discourse argue that the immoral, cynical and increasingly incompetent behaviour of several elite members especially fosters a crisis of trust in Germany by creating a diffuse climate of distrust, pessimism, uncertainty and Zukunftsangst.

“E-Culture System”

2014 ◽  
pp. 466-479
Author(s):  
María Mercedes Clusella ◽  
María Gabriela Mitre
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
Statistical Sample ◽  
Modelling Process

This chapter presents the results obtained by the International Institute Galileo Galilei (IIGG), a research unit of Fundaringenio, within the framework of the research project developed in 2009 that consists of the design of a basic model of “e-culture system” that can promote and disseminate world cultures, including Santiago del Esteros`s culture (the culture of a northwestern region of Argentina). Culture as a complex phenomenon is studied from the Systemic Paradigm, which is optimized by the transdisciplinary features that allow the concurrence of other complementary perspectives. The methodic process consists of the systemic modelling process and the retroprospective methodology. This process begins with the conception of the Meta Model to be achieved; the Existed Model is built in relation to its past and history. After that, the Existing Model is developed in relation to its present. Each one corresponding to the different scenarios of the events, and they are the basis of the features of “santiagueñidad.” From these, an Operative Model is designed and adapted. The authors present the validation of an operative model, through analogy simulation using the technique of syntegration for the processing of empirical evidence, collected from a statistical sample selected for this purpose. The results confirm the selected features of “santiagueña” culture and the generation of a more general and comprehensive model that could be of value to other cultures and instrumental applications such as in large organizations or companies.

scholarly journals Missionary Credibility: Characteristics of the Messenger that Make the Message More Persuasive

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Robert Dunaetz
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Frequent Contact ◽  
The People ◽  
Concern For Others ◽  
To Come

Missionaries seek to be credible to the people whom they try to influence with the message of the gospel. Although Christ first and foremost calls missionaries to be humble servants who love him, empirical evidence from the behavioral sciences indicates that missionaries who are perceived as experts, who attract people to themselves, and, most importantly, who are trustworthy are most likely to be deemed credible. To be perceived as experts, missionaries need to demonstrate their knowledge of a topic and to speak with confidence. To be attractive to others, missionaries may benefit from frequent contact with others, mutual appreciation, and physical attractiveness. To come across as trustworthy, missionaries need to demonstrate long-term integrity, trustworthiness, open communication, and concern for others.

scholarly journals Influential Factors of Evidence-Based Energy Policy-making: Government Regulation on Targeting Renewable Energy in Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wati Hermawati ◽  
Prakoso Bhairawa Putra ◽  
Dudi Hidayat ◽  
Ishelina Rosaira Poerbosisworo
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
The Government

<p>The paper is based on research identifying lessons and approaches in making energy policy and scrutinizes whether empirical evidence–based energy policy exists in Indonesia. Empirical evidence–based energy policy has the potential to reduce poverty as well as have a greater impact on the economic performance of individuals, communities and the government. In this study, we used document analysis and key informant interviews to explore empirical evidence input in energy policy-making. The results of the analysis revealed the following three points. First, there are a range of limitations in the process of energy policy-making as well as in getting an evidence inputs from concerned institutions such as universities, R&amp;D institutions, and industries. Second, the process in making energy policy went through several stages and was not always in sequences, starting from problem identification, needs identification, advocacy, information gathering, policy drafting, and approval obtainment from the institutions concerned. Third, the most influential factor in the formulation of this energy policy is the factor of power and authority instead of knowledge and evidence. The limitations have demonstrated insufficient evidence in the policy-making. Finally, the paper suggests that a working group for data and information gathering should be created.</p>

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