The Rise of Jihad in the Pakhtun Region: The Role of Culture

Using secondary data, the study is an attempt to analyze the rise of jihad in the Pakhtun region. The objective is to investigate the transformation of jihad and the role of Pakhtun culture in the process. The study provides a thorough analysis of the historical background of Jihadi activities in the region, the role of religious figures, the establishment and role of the Darul Uloom Deoband before the creation of Pakistan, and the Afghan jihad and its aftermath after the creation of Pakistan. The study concludes that the concept of jihad has been manipulated historically by non-state actors to gain political authority and lately by the state actors themselves for the achievement of certain foreign policy goals. The study further concludes that although much of this process of jihad has historically been pronounced on the Pakhtun land, however, it is important to note that it is not culturally driven.

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Notary’s Responsibility in Making of Deed Due to Land Acquisition Containing Criminal Corruption

ALHURRIYAH Jurnal Hukum Islam (ALHURRIYAH JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC LAW) ◽

10.30983/alhurriyah.v5i1.2331 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Yogi Maron ◽

Ismansyah Ismansyah ◽

Azmi Fendri

Keyword(s):

Legal Theory ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Land Rights ◽

The State ◽

Land Acquisition ◽

District Court ◽

Primary Data ◽

Prison Sentence ◽

Ethics Code

As happened to the Notary Eli SatriaPilo, S.H, Mkn, who was appointed as the Notary who made the Deed of Relinquishment of Land Rights in the Land Acquisition activities for the Construction of Campus III of the State Islamic Institute (IAIN) of Padang which was located in Sungai Bangek District, Padang in 2010. The method used was descriptive, in which describing the applicable legislation associated with legal theory in the facts and realities about the Notary’s Responsibility in Making Deed of Land Acquisition for the construction of Campus III of IAIN Padang in Sungai Bangek. This study used a Normative Juridical approach, in which researching by using and processing secondary data or literature related to the study. The data collected were in the form of primary data obtained from the District Court of Padang, secondary data obtained from secondary legal materials and primary legal materials. Based on the study, it was found that the role of Notary Eli Satria Pilo, in the land acquisition of campus III IAIN was proven to have misused the authority resulting in violation of the Notary Ethics Code and was responsible for accepting termination disrespectfully. Furthermore, he was also shown to be committing a Criminal Corruption made based on the Deed of Relinquishment of Land Rights in the land acquisition for the construction of Campus III of IAIN Padang, so that the State incurred losses of Rp. 1.946.701.050 (one billion nine hundred forty-six million seven hundred one thousand and fifty rupiahs). And he was responsible for receiving and carrying out the sentence that had been handed down by the District Court of Padang, a prison sentence of 4 (four) years, and paying a fine of Rp. 200.000.000 (two hundred million rupiahs).

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The History of the Creation of the VII State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR (Review)

Drug development & registration ◽

10.33380/2305-2066-2021-10-2-128-135 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 128-135

Author(s):

K. S. Guzev

Keyword(s):

Detailed Analysis ◽

The State ◽

Main Text ◽

Scien Tists ◽

History Of ◽

Points Of View ◽

The Creation ◽

Objective Necessity

Introduction. The objective necessity of the appearance of this code of laws for the pharmaceu-tical industry is shown. The proofs of the readiness of all branches of pharmacy to develop the text of the Pharmacopoeia, taking into account modern international requirements for scientific and practical activities in the development, manufacture and production of medicines, are presented.Text. The work presents the history of the creation of the VII edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR. The sequence of steps for the formation of the Pharmacopoeia Commission, the stages of its activities for the preparation of the updated text of the Pharmacopoeia is described, a detailed analysis of the prepared text is given in comparison with the current Pharmacopoeia of the VI edition (1910). Various points of view of experts on the content of the main text are cited, which served as the basis for the new document. The role of domestic scien-tists-pharmacists in the development and publication of the VII edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR is evaluated.Conclusion. The role of the Pharmacopoeia Commission in the timely development of the text of the new edition of the State Pharmacopoeia is emphasized. The fact of its wide discussion among experts and the novelty of the approach, which gave a powerful impetus to the development of the entire industry, are noted.

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PERANAN NEGARA DAN HUKUM DALAM MEMBERANTAS KEMISKINAN DENGAN MEWUJUDKAN KESEJAHTERAAN UMUM

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan ◽

10.21143/jhp.vol40.no3.229 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 390

Author(s):

Yohanes Suhardin

Keyword(s):

Social Justice ◽

The State ◽

Public Welfare ◽

The Public ◽

Role Of The State ◽

Strategic Role ◽

The Creation ◽

The Government ◽

Legal Product

AbstrakThe role of the state in combating poverty is very strategic. Combatingpoverty means to free citizens who are poor. The strategic role given thenational ideals (read: state) is the creation of public welfare. Therefore,countries in this regard the government as the organizer of the state musthold fast to the national ideals through legal product that is loaded withsocial justice values in order to realize common prosperity. Therefore, thenature of the law is justice, then in the context of the state, the lawestablished for the creation of social justice. Law believed that social justiceas the path to the public welfare so that the Indonesian people in a relativelyshort time to eradicate poverty.

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Implementing Peace Curriculum at Catholic Senior High School in Bali

KnE Social Sciences ◽

10.18502/kss.v3i17.4627 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Agustinus Sumaryono ◽

Sugiyono Sugiyono

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Civil Society ◽

The State ◽

Senior High School ◽

Role Of The State ◽

State Actors

This research investigates how curriculum has contributed to society, especially in the context of maintaining peace in Indonesia. Unlike former studies that have paid the most attention to the fundamental role of the state actors or civil society, this study emphasizes the importance of school to build peace. This research pays attention to the case of catholic senior high school in Bali. The ﬁnding suggests that school can be agent of peace through implement the peace curriculum in school. This study demonstrates that the peace curriculum should be implemented in school to prevent the violence action. Hence, providing space for further discussion about the content of peace curriculum that can be implemented in Indonesia.

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THE IMPACT OF CONFUCIAN VALUES ON CHINA’S FOREIGN POLICY DURING THE PERIOD OF “REFORMS AND OPENNESS”

Problems of World History ◽

10.46869/2707-6776-2020-11-6 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 100-113

Author(s):

Tetyana Meteliova ◽

Vira Chghen

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Social Life ◽

Soft Power ◽

Public Diplomacy ◽

The State ◽

Confucian Values ◽

China’S Foreign Policy ◽

The Creation ◽

The Impact

The article is devoted to identifying the role of the Confucian component in shaping China’s foreign policy during the period of “reforms and openness”. The author analyzes the Chinese “soft power” model and its differences from the classical one, the theoretical foundations of which were formulated by J. Nye, and discovers the China’s “soft power” features in foreign policy and establishes its meaningful connection with Confucian values and concepts. The article provides an overview of “soft power” interpretations in the main works of Chinese scholars, examines the reflection of Confucian “soft power” ideas in the state and party documents and decisions of the period of “reforms and openness”, shows the application of Confucian principles in the foreign policy of China. It is shown that the creation of effective Chinese “soft power” tools is becoming a part of a purposeful and long-term policy of the state. Such tools include the swift reform of leading media, TV and radio companies using modern technologies and focusing on foreign audience abroad, promoting China’s traditional and modern culture in foreign cultural markets, increasing China’s presence on the world market, spreading and promoting the Chinese language, “Education Export” and widening educational contacts, economic ties development and scientific and technical cooperation, public diplomacy development, support of the compatriots living abroad. Geopolitically, China’s soft power strategy is focused on developing relations with its close neighbors and creating a security belt around China. It has been proved that modern China seeks to proclaim itself as a new “soft power” center, the creation of which is a part of the State purposeful long-term policy. It is accompanied by the active appeal of Chinese ideologists to the country's traditional cultural heritage and basing of this new foreign policy on the conservative values of Confucianism, which is a kind of civilizational code determining all aspects of social life for China.

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The Problem of State Violence

Daedalus ◽

10.1162/daed_a_01885 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 151 (1) ◽

pp. 22-37

Author(s):

Paul Butler

Keyword(s):

Use Of Force ◽

State Violence ◽

The State ◽

Power Sharing ◽

The Public ◽

Role Of The State ◽

Abuse And Neglect ◽

The Future ◽

State Actors

Abstract When violence occurs, the state has an obligation to respond to and reduce the impacts of it; yet often the state originates, or at least contributes to, the violence. This may occur in a variety of ways, including through the use of force by police, pretrial incarceration at local jails, long periods of incarceration in prisons, or abuse and neglect of people who are incarcerated. This essay explores the role of the state in responding to violence and how it should contribute to reducing violence in communities, as well as in its own operations. Finally, it explores what the future of collaboration between state actors and the community looks like and offers examples of successful power-sharing and co-producing of safety between the state and the public.

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Beyond the Hegemony of Neoliberal Ideas: Ideational Diversity and Policy Variegation in the Neoliberal State

Critical Sociology ◽

10.1177/08969205211052328 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 089692052110523

Author(s):

Asa Maron

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Organizational Goals ◽

Power Resources ◽

State Actors ◽

Policy Agendas ◽

Bureaucratic State ◽

Policy Proposals

Sociologists commonly adopt a bifurcated understanding of the neoliberal state, showing how neoliberalism’s advance coincides with the growing authority of specific actors and ideas inside the bureaucratic state as others’ authority declines. This article complicates this view by probing the dynamics of non-neoliberal action inside the state, demonstrating the ways even demoted state actors can strategically muster power resources to forward distinct policy agendas. Taking a long-term perspective on social policy developments since the early 2000s, this article reviews the case of Israel, where neoliberal policies' new hegemony and adverse outcomes triggered counter-actions inside the state, ultimately leading to policy change. Paying particular attention to the role of ideas, this article argues that by rearticulating their policy mission to align with market conventions, non-neoliberal actors were able to persuade neoliberal actors to support their policy proposals, succeeding to advance creative policy alternatives under hostile political conditions. Highlighting this strategic capacity and ideational resilience and acumen in adapting to neoliberal critique reveals how demoted state actors can manage to sustain entrenched organizational goals and institutional motivations even as they help ease the adaptation of their historical mission to the neoliberal zeitgeist.

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The Challenges of Antirape Activism in the 1970s

The Injustices of Rape ◽

10.5149/northcarolina/9781469653860.003.0006 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 133-159

Author(s):

Catherine O. Jacquet

Keyword(s):

Sexual Violence ◽

Common Ground ◽

The State ◽

Social Revolution ◽

Women’S Liberation ◽

Role Of The State ◽

Black Freedom ◽

State Actors ◽

Rape Crisis

This chapter examines the conflicts and constraints posed by varying antirape discourses and approaches to antirape activism in the 1970s. At this time, activists in the women’s liberation and black freedom movements confronted one another’s politics on rape, sometimes unable to find common ground. The competing beliefs and approaches that activists brought to their antirape work heightened the potential for discord between movements. This was particularly exacerbated by the increasing role of the state in antirape work. By the mid-1970s, state actors and agencies played a dominating role in antirape work, leaving many feminists deeply concerned about the direction of the movement. State co-optation of key feminist interventions, such as rape crisis centers, resulted in a movement that was largely reformist. Feminists saw their once radical vision of social revolution overshadowed by increasing state efforts for reform-based solutions to the problem of sexual violence.

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“A Trespass against the Whole Species”: Universal Crime and Sovereign Founding in John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government

Political Theory ◽

10.1177/0090591717752468 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 560-585

Author(s):

Sinja Graf

Keyword(s):

Natural Law ◽

Private Property ◽

Normative Theory ◽

The State ◽

The Self ◽

The Political ◽

State Of Nature ◽

The Subject ◽

The Creation

This essay theorizes how the enforcement of universal norms contributes to the solidification of sovereign rule. It does so by analyzing John Locke’s argument for the founding of the commonwealth as it emerges from his notion of universal crime in the Second Treatise of Government. Previous studies of punishment in the state of nature have not accounted for Locke’s notion of universal crime which pivots on the role of mankind as the subject of natural law. I argue that the dilemmas specific to enforcing the natural law against “trespasses against the whole species” drive the founding of sovereign government. Reconstructing Locke’s argument on private property in light of universal criminality, the essay shows how the introduction of money in the state of nature destabilizes the normative relationship between the self and humanity. Accordingly, the failures of enforcing the natural law require the partitioning of mankind into separate peoples under distinct sovereign governments. This analysis theorizes the creation of sovereign rule as part of the political productivity of Locke’s notion of universal crime and reflects on an explicitly political, rather than normative, theory of “humanity.”

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The Role of Non-State Actors in Strengthening the Developmental Capacity of the State: A Case Study of Cross Rivers State, Nigeria

Business and Economic Research ◽

10.5296/ber.v10i2.16447 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 153

Author(s):

Felix Chukwudi Oparah ◽

Enya Ndem Bassey ◽

Ohatu Ekoh Ohatu

Keyword(s):

Skill Acquisition ◽

Rural Areas ◽

The State ◽

Cross River ◽

Cross River State ◽

Developmental Capacity ◽

State Actors ◽

The Government

This study examined the role of Non State Actors (NSAs) in strengthening the developmental capacity of the state, using a case study of Cross River State, Nigeria. Primary and secondary data on selected constituents of NSAs including Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Privately Owned Companies, Banks, Private Hospitals and Private Schools were analyzed using tables and charts. The results revealed that activities of NSAs significantly enhance the developmental capacity of Cross River State especially in the areas of provision of public services, knowledge and skill acquisition, infrastructural development and employment generation. Besides other recommendations, it was recommended that NSAs and the government should perform complementary roles in enhancing developmental capacity and that the establishment of more NSAs in the rural areas should be encouraged through the provision of special funding and other incentives for NSAs that have their offices in the rural areas.

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