scholarly journals Ethno-Nationality and Violence in Sindh: A Case Study of MQM

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (III) ◽  
pp. 501-509
Author(s):  
Sanaullah ◽  
Fakhr ul Munir ◽  
Hina Malik
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
National Unity ◽  
National Integration ◽  
New States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Culture And Language

Regionalism has oftenly expressed itself in terms which are opposed to national unity and integrity and challenged the legitimacy of the state while the rulers see it as a threat to development, progress and unity that is the why a regional issue of socio-political representation of Muhajirs has been projected in this paper. As in other states of South Asian region, factors of language and geography contributed a lot in ethnic identification in Pakistan as well which gave birth to various conflicts among different identities in different times and making the process of national integration vulnerable. Two Nation Theory and became successful in the existence of Pakistan but usually culture and language do not support only the development of a single ethno-nationalism aspirations in new republics. Clifford Gertz calls it as �old societies and new states�. One of endeavors by an ethnic federation is the re-orientation of ethnic based collective action into non-violent politics. Unity among all peoples, linguistic or racial groups must be obtained and can be found within diverse ethno-cultural environment of Pakistan. Sindh has had long history of ethnic struggle.

scholarly journals Exhibiting Music

Ethnologies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-173
Author(s):  
Ameera Nimjee
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Critical Inquiry ◽  
The South ◽  
Royal Ontario Museum ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Visual Engagement ◽  
Future Project

Museums have long been thought of as “quiet” spaces, in which visitors walk slowly through galleries to look at material cultures in glass cases. Music and sound have begun to pervade the quiet spaces of museums in the forms of aural installations and performance-based programs. They are no longer galleries for solely visual engagement, but loud spaces in which visitors and audiences listen to recordings, experience live performances, and participate by themselves singing and playing in workshops, classes, installations, and impromptu demonstrations. This article explores three case studies in exhibiting music. The first is the exhibition Ragamala: Garland of Melodies, which was on display at the Royal Ontario Museum and sought to demonstrate the fluidity between the South Asian arts. The second is an investigation of some of the formal and informal performance-based programming at the Aga Khan Museum. The last case study focuses on a future project, in which collectors of Indian audio cultures will submit contributions to help construct a history of sound in India. Each case study is motivated by a series of central questions: what constitutes “exhibiting music”? What are the broader implications of and consequences for exhibiting music in each case? How does exhibiting music in a museum impact a visitor’s experience? What kinds of new stories are told in exhibiting music and sound? The three case studies respond to these questions and provoke issues and possibilities for further critical inquiry. They show that museums are dynamic spaces with incredible potential to inspire multi-experiential engagement.

The Eighteenth Amendment and its Impact onFunctionability of Provinces

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-80
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
National Integration ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Eighteenth Amendment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Provincial Autonomy

Federalism has remained one of the thorniest issues in the history of Pakistan. The national consensusbased on 1973 constitution triedto resolve the issue by providingFederal, Concurrent and Residual powerslists in addition to detailing fiscal federalism.The inability to realise thecultural identities had developed deep seatedsense of alienation inthe smaller regional units (provinces)and consequently engineered separatist tendencies which led tothe separation of East Pakistan. The demarcation of powers of administrative and financial authorityvis-à-vis thefederation and the provincesalwaysremaineda contentious issue.Finally, the18thamendment wastermed as a genuine move towardsreal federal democracy by abolition of the concurrent list,giving the provinces access to their resources and acknowledging their right to make policies for revenue generation. However, still questions are beingraised about the capacity of the provinces to deliver. This research article assesses results ofthe 18thamendment on the functionability of provinces in terms of strengthening national integration and good governance. Moreover, the research examines exact nature and extent of the autonomy allowed to the provinces and its implementation. The province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has been selected as a case study with the help ofinterviews and questionnaires as data collecting tools. The research establishes that the 18thamendmentis a significant headway towards provincial autonomy enabling the provinces to acquire enough legal and financial autonomywith allocation of resources,as well as the capacity to expand the revenue base.It is concludedthat the 18thamendment has ensureddecentralization leading to true federalism and national integration.

National Integration and the Southern Sudan

1966 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Self Determination ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Southern Sudan ◽  
National Integration ◽  
New States ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
New System

The question of national unity for the new states of Africa stands at the centre of their political problems. Progress in a variety offields is blocked until they are able to resolve internally the constitutional question of loyalty to a new system of authority which was conceived under colonialism and made a reality through nationalist drives for independence. Africa, more than any other continent, is troubled by the divisions between ethnic, racial, and religious groups who found temporary consensus in the struggle against the common colonial enemy, but who, having achieved independence, find the principle of self-determination now internally a divisive force against a unified national polity and purpose.According to James Coleman and Carl Rosberg, ‘Just as the one-party trend is the most striking feature of the political structure of new African states, so the problems of integration are the major issues and obstacles in the task of nation-building, which is itself the primary preoccupation of the leadership of the new states.’

scholarly journals Situation Analysis of Nation Building Efforts in Sri Lanka: From Early Years of Independence to Contemporary Days

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Kamran Fiaz
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
National Unity ◽  
National Integration ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Displaced Populations

Despite the smooth transition of power from the British colonists to the Sri Lankan Sinhalese in 1949, Sri Lanka inherited considerable challenges. There has been conflict between the Sinhalese and the Tamils post-independence which led to a long and brutal civil war from 1983 to 2009. After the culmination of the civil war, Sri Lanka confronted numerous obstacles in the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the country. Drawing from Birch’s model of national integration, this study attempts to examine the diverse political, economic, and social challenges facing Sri Lanka. The review shows that Sri Lanka needs critical nation building in the following areas: (i) Infrastructural development, (ii) Resettlements and rehabilitation of displaced populations (iii) Ethnic and religious integration, (iv) Equality in political representation, (v) Educational and employment policies, (vi) Gender equality policies, and (vii) mental health interventions for children and women. The role of international bodies, like the United Nations Human Rights Council, and neighboring countries is key to creating pressure for national integration and growth. There is fear that if national unity is not at the forefront of state and international policy for Sri Lanka, conflict and instability may arise again.

scholarly journals The economic power of women in early South Asian Buddhism

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-76
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Milligan
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Central India ◽  
First Century ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Formative Years

This article serves as a contribution to the financial primacy of Buddhist women in early historic South Asia. Presented here is a single case study from the first century bce monastic stūpa site from Central India called Sanchi whereby gender demographics are analysed over two subsequent stages of funding. Investments by women not only fuelled the construction of the built landscape but, as time went on, female donors were crucial to the economic solvency of the monastic institution at Sanchi. Such a micro-history of Buddhist women from classical India illustrates the agency of women during Buddhism’s formative years.

Press Propaganda and Subaltern Agents of Pan-Islamic Networks in the Muslim Mediterranean World prior to World War I

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odile Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
World War I ◽  
North Africa ◽  
World War ◽  
Subaltern Studies ◽  
Resistance Movements ◽  
The Press ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
History Of

This chapter explores movement and circulation across the Mediterranean and seeks to contribute to a history of proto-nationalism in the Maghrib and the Middle East at a particular moment prior to World War I. The discussion is particularly concerned with the interface of two Mediterranean spaces: the Middle East (Egypt, Ottoman Empire) and North Africa (Morocco), where the latter is viewed as a case study where resistance movements sought external allies as a way of compensating for their internal weakness. Applying methods developed by Subaltern Studies, and linking macro-historical approaches, namely of a translocal movement in the Muslim Mediterranean, it explores how the Egypt-based society, al-Ittihad al-Maghribi, through its agent, Aref Taher, used the press as an instrument for political propaganda, promoting its Pan-Islamic programme and its goal of uniting North Africa.

Turning Aliens into Socialists

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Jessica Moberg
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Swedish History ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Highly Evolved

Immediately after the Second World War Sweden was struck by a wave of sightings of strange flying objects. In some cases these mass sightings resulted in panic, particularly after authorities failed to identify them. Decades later, these phenomena were interpreted by two members of the Swedish UFO movement, Erland Sandqvist and Gösta Rehn, as alien spaceships, or UFOs. Rehn argued that ‘[t]here is nothing so dramatic in the Swedish history of UFOs as this invasion of alien fly-things’ (Rehn 1969: 50). In this article the interpretation of such sightings proposed by these authors, namely that we are visited by extraterrestrials from outer space, is approached from the perspective of myth theory. According to this mythical theme, not only are we are not alone in the universe, but also the history of humankind has been shaped by encounters with more highly-evolved alien beings. In their modern day form, these kinds of ideas about aliens and UFOs originated in the United States. The reasoning of Sandqvist and Rehn exemplifies the localization process that took place as members of the Swedish UFO movement began to produce their own narratives about aliens and UFOs. The question I will address is: in what ways do these stories change in new contexts? Texts produced by the Swedish UFO movement are analyzed as a case study of this process.

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