Quantitative evaluation of the anatomical parameters for subaxial cervical spondylectomy: an anatomical study

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Şimşek ◽  
Aysun Uz ◽  
Uygur Er ◽  
Nihal Apaydın
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Anatomical Knowledge ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

Object The object of this investigation was to conduct a morphometric study in cadavers to determine anatomical structures, their relationships, and their morphometry for subaxial cervical spondylectomy. Methods Forty sides of 20 cadavers were used for this study. Dissections were performed in 2 stages (anteriorly and posteriorly). Twenty-one morphometric measurements were performed for both sides of the C3–6 vertebrae. Data were analyzed statistically. Results Morphometry of the laminas, tuberculum posterius, pedicle, corpus, foramen transversarium, and processus costalis were measured. Conclusions Detailed quantitative anatomical knowledge for operations requiring wide dissection and resection, such as cervical spondylectomy, lowers the morbidity rate.

Neurovascular structures adjacent to the lumbar intervertebral discs: an anatomical study of their morphometry and relationships

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 630-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Arslan ◽  
Ayhan Cömert ◽  
Halil İbrahim Açar ◽  
Mevci Özdemir ◽  
Alaittin Elhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Root ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Disc Space ◽  
Anatomical Knowledge ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Neurovascular Structures

Object Although infrequent, injury to adjacent neurovascular structures during posterior approaches to lumbar intervertebral discs can occur. A detailed anatomical knowledge of relationships may decrease surgical complications. Methods Ten formalin-fixed male cadavers were used for this study. Posterior exposure of the lumbar thecal sac, nerve roots, pedicles, and intervertebral discs was performed. To identify retroperitoneal structures at risk during posterior lumbar discectomy, a transabdominal retroperitoneal approach was performed, and observations were made. The distances between the posterior and anterior edges of the lumbar intervertebral discs were measured, and the relationships between the disc space, pedicle, and nerve root were evaluated. Results For right and left sides, the mean distance from the inferior pedicle to the disc gradually increased from L1–2 to L4–5 (range 2.7–3.8 mm and 2.9–4.5 mm for right and left side, respectively) and slightly decreased at L5–S1. For right and left sides, the mean distance from the superior pedicle to the disc was more or less the same for all disc spaces (range 9.3–11.6 mm and 8.2–10.5 mm for right and left, respectively). The right and left mean disc-to-root distance for the L3–4 to L5–S1 levels ranged from 8.3 to 22.1 mm and 7.2 to 20.6 mm, respectively. The root origin gradually increased from L-1 to L-5. The right and left nerve root–to-disc angle gradually decreased from L-3 to S-1 (range 105°–110.6° and 99°–108°). Disc heights gradually increased from L1–2 to L5–S1 (range 11.3–17.4 mm). The mean distance between the anterior and posterior borders of the intervertebral discs ranged from 39 to 46 mm for all levels. Conclusions To avoid neighboring neurovascular structures, instrumentation should not be inserted into the lumbar disc spaces more than 3 cm from their posterior edge. Accurate anatomical knowledge of the relationships of intervertebral discs to nerve roots is needed for spine surgeons.

scholarly journals Strategies for resection of lesions in the motor area: preliminary results in 42 surgical patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 963-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stênio Abrantes Sarmento ◽  
Emerson Magno F. de Andrade ◽  
Helder Tedeschi
Keyword(s):  
Preoperative Planning ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Cortical Stimulation ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Motor Deficit ◽  
Surgical Results ◽  
Preoperative Period ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Anatomical Knowledge

In recent years considerable technological advances have been made with the purpose of improving the surgical results in the treatment of eloquent lesions. The overall aim of this study is to evaluate the postoperative surgical outcome in 42 patients who underwent surgery to remove lesions around the motor cortex, in which preoperative planning by using neuroimaging exams, anatomical study, appropriate microsurgery technique and auxiliary methods such as cortical stimulation were performed. Twenty-two patients (52.3%) presented a normal motor function in the preoperative period. Of these, six developed transitory deficit. Twenty patients (47.6%) had a motor deficit preoperatively, nevertheless 90% of these improved postoperatively. Surgery in the motor area becomes safer and more effective with preoperative localization exams, anatomical knowledge and appropriate microsurgery technique. Cortical stimulation is important because it made possible to maximize the resection reducing the risk of a motor deficit. Stereotaxy method was useful in the location of subcortical lesions.

scholarly journals Anatomical Considerations When Treating Compensatory Hypertrophy of the Upper Part of the Masseter after Long-Term Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injections

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Kyu-Lim Lee ◽  
Hyun Jin Cho ◽  
Hyungkyu Bae ◽  
Hyun Jin Park ◽  
Min Sun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Face Shape ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A ◽  
Anatomical Knowledge ◽  
Simply Connected ◽  
Morphological Patterns

The masseter is the most targeted muscle when treating hypertrophy to produce a smooth face shape. Compensatory hypertrophy is a well known clinical sequela that occurs in botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) treatments and is limited to the lower part of the masseter. Based on the masseteric hypertrophy procedure, which targets a confined area, we predicted the possibility of compensatory hypertrophy occurring in the upper part of the masseter. If the patient complains about an unexpected result, additional injections must be performed, but the involved anatomical structures have not been revealed yet. The aim of this study was to identify the morphological patterns of the masseter. Deep tendons were observed in most specimens of the upper part of the masseter and mostly appeared in a continuous pattern (69.7%). The superficial and deep tendons could be classified into a simply connected form and forms surrounding part of the muscle. In 45.5% of cases there were tendon capsules that completely enclosed the muscle, which can interfere with how the injected toxin spreads. Interdigitation patterns in which the tendons could be identified independently between the muscles were present in 9.1% of cases. The present findings provide anatomical knowledge for use when injecting BoNT into the masseter.

scholarly journals ANATOMICAL KNOWLEDGE AND DIAGNOSTIC IMAGES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION. EL CONOCIMIENTO ANATÓMICO Y LAS IMÁGENES DIAGNÓSTICAS EN LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA MEDICINA

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-114
Author(s):  
Susana N Biasutto
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Core Knowledge ◽  
Evaluation Instrument ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
The People ◽  
Anatomical Knowledge ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
First Year Medical Students

La importancia del conocimiento anatómico para la interpretación de las imágenes diagnósticas es reconocida y aceptada. El desarrollo tecnológico basado en tomografía axial computada y resonancia magnética nuclear han incrementado los requerimientos. En nuestra Facultad, el curso de Anatomía incluye la identificación de estructuras anatómicas normales. Intentamos demostrar los resultados a largo plazo de este cambio curricular. Este estudio consideró dos grupos: A) 274 estudiantes de primer año, B) 100 médicos recientemente graduados. Ambos grupos fueron evaluados con un cuestionario sobre las mismas tomografía axial computada y resonancia magnética nuclear. En el grupo A, el 13% de los estudiantes respondió correctamente, mientras que nadie lo hizo así en el grupo B. Dos por ciento del grupo A dieron respuestas erróneas a todas las preguntas, mientras que ascendió al 26% en el grupo B. El promedio de respuestas correctas fue de 60% en el grupo A y de 45% en el B. El grupo B se subdividió en B1) aquellos graduados que estudiaron anatomía con imágenes diagnósticas y B2) quienes no lo hicieron. Las respuestas correctas del grupo B1 fue 66% y del grupo B2, 40%. Estos resultados muestran la significación del conocimiento anatómico para la identificación de las diferentes estructuras en imágenes diagnósticas. Mientras los estudiantes desarrollaban el curso de Anatomía la identificación fue más sencilla, y resultó más compleja cuando transcurrió el tiempo. Sin embargo, los resultados fueron mejores en  aquellos graduados que cursaron con identificación de estructuras anatómicas en imágenes diagnósticas que en aquellos que no lo hicieron. The importance of anatomical knowledge for the comprehensive understanding of the diagnostic images is well known and accepted. Development of new techniques, based on computerized tomography and magnetic resonance have increased the requisite core knowledge. In our Faculty, the course of Anatomy includes the identification of normal anatomical structures in diagnostic images. We intend to demonstrate the long-term results provided by this curricular change. This study considered the following two groups: A) 274 first year medical students, B) 100 recently graduated physicians. Both groups were evaluated on their comprehension of computed tomography and magnetic resonance. In group A, 13% of the students answered all questions correctly; while 0% did in group B. Two per cent of the people in group A incorrectly answered all the questions; this percentage rose to 26% in group B. The average of correct answers in group A was 60%, while it was 45% in group B. Group B was further subdivided into B1) those graduates that studied anatomy with diagnostic images and B2) those who did not. Group B1 answered correctly on 66% of questions and group B2’s correct responses were at 40%.These results showed the significance of anatomical knowledge necessary to identify the different structures in diagnostic images. Students scored better on this evaluation instrument when they were taking Anatomy, as compared to graduates who were further removed from the content. However, results were better for those graduates that had taken an anatomy course identifying the anatomical structures in the diagnostic images, than those who did not. 

scholarly journals Morphohistology and histopathology of the digestive organs of the deep-water fish greater forkbeard, Phycis blennoides

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakia Alioua ◽  
Soumia Amira ◽  
Nesrine Semiane ◽  
Fatiha Zerouali-Khodja
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to report on an examination of the digestive organs in the deep-water fish Phycis blennoides (Brünnich) from Algerian coastal waters. A total of 1,019 specimens (5.7–62.7 cm in total length) obtained from commercial fisheries were examined between December 2013 and May 2017. The anatomical study was conducted using morphometric measurements of different sections of the digestive tract of P. blennoides. The histological features of the digestive tract were examined in the esophagus, stomach, intestine, and pyloric cecum. They were compatible with carnivorous feeding behavior and confirmed by a low intestinal quotient (IQ = 0.72 ± 0.13). The histopathological assessment highlighted the hepatic steatosis and parasitic infestation in its intestine from Anisakis simplex, which also occurs in Algerian coastal waters. According to our knowledge, this paper reports for the first time the morphohistological analysis of the digestive tract of a Phycidae species in Africa and provides the first histopathological assessment of the digestive organs of the greater forkbeard in the southwestern Mediterranean Sea.

scholarly journals CURRENT APPROACHES TO DIAGNOSTICS AND COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT OF TUMORS OF THE MAXILLOFACIAL REGION

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
E. V Kochurova ◽  
V. N Nikolenko ◽  
V. A Kochurov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Maxillofacial Region ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Late Detection ◽  
Subsequent Rehabilitation

Statistics says about the severity of the situation with cancer best of all. Despite a good visualization, and significantly expanding knowledge about the prevention and treatment of tumors of the maxillofacial region, the number of new cases is constantly increasing. Tumors of this region are the most difficult health and social problems in prosthetic dentistry. The morbidity rate of tumors of the maxillofacial region is constantly increasing, and the clinical diagnosis is based on visual inspection and palpation, biopsy and/or histopathological evaluation. Also, the lack of the treatment, late detection of tumors and the complexity of the anatomical structures of this region are the cause of volume of destructive interferences, leading to the complexity of the treatment and subsequent rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Manifold Learning and Clustering: Grouping White Matter Fiber Tracts Using a Volumetric White Matter Atlas

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demian Wassermann ◽  
Rachid Deriche
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Manifold Learning ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
Anatomical Knowledge ◽  
Graph Theoretical Approach ◽  
White Matter Fiber Tracts ◽  
Streamline Tractography

We propose a new clustering algorithm. This algorithm performs clustering and manifold learning simultaneously by using a graph-theoretical approach to manifold learning. We apply this algorithm in order to cluster white matter fiber tracts obtained fromDiffusion TensorMRI (DT-MRI) through streamline tractography. Our algorithm is able perform clustering of these fiber tracts incorporating information about the shape of the fiber and a priori knowledge as the probability of the fiber belonging to known anatomical structures. This anatomical knowledge is incorporated as a volumetric white matter atlas, in this case LONI’s ICBM DTI-81

scholarly journals Functional Principles of Morphological and Anatomical Structures in Pinecones

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1343
Author(s):  
Haejin Bae ◽  
Jinhee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Complex Cone ◽  
Scientific System

In order to better understand the functions of plants, it is important to analyze the internal structure of plants with a complex structure, as well as to efficiently monitor the morphology of plants altered by their external environment. This anatomical study investigated structural characteristics of pinecones to provide detailed descriptions of morphological specifications of complex cone scales. We analyzed cross-sectional image data and internal movement patterns in the opening and closing motions of pinecones, which change according to the moisture content of its external environment. It is possible to propose a scientific system for the deformation of complex pinecone for the variable structures due to changes in relative humidity, as well as the application of technology. This study provided a functional principle for a multidisciplinary approach by exploring the morphological properties and anatomical structures of pinecones. Therefore, the results suggest a potential application for use in energy-efficient materials by incorporating hygroscopic principles into engineering technology and also providing basic data for biomimicry research.

External anatomical structures of sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) encephalon

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hülya Balkaya ◽  
Burhan Toprak
Keyword(s):  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Ventral View ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Accipiter Nisus ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Chiasma Opticum ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to determine the external anatomical structures of encephalon in the sparrowhawk. For this purpose, four brains of sparrowhawk were assessed for morphometric measurements and external structures. The average weight of the sparrowhawk brain was approximately 3±0,2 g., while the mean length, width and dorsoventral thickness of sparrowhawk brain were measured 24±2 mm, 19±2 mm and 4±1 mm respectively. Dorsal appearance of the sparrowhawk encephalon showed two cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, lobus opticus, flocculus and cranial part of medulla spinalis. In lateral aspect of encephalon, pars frontalis cerebri, pars parietalis cerebri, and pars occipitalis cerebri were observed on lateral surface of the hemispherium cerebri from rostral to caudal. The well developed lobus opticus bulged laterally. In ventral view, two small and underdeveloped bulbi olfactorii projected from the rostral pole of the each hemispheres. There was no olfactory tract behind the bulbus olfactorius. Area behind the chiasma opticum constituted the brainstem structures. The midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata and medulla spinalis situated from cranial to caudal respectively in the brainstem. But, there was no distinct borders between the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata.

scholarly journals Variations of origin of coronary artery and their importance

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-007 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D'Souza ◽  
B. Ray ◽  
A. Saxena ◽  
P. Rastogi ◽  
A. D'Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Coronary Ostia ◽  
The Right ◽  
Anomalous Coronary ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Abstract Introduction: Incidence of anomalous coronary arteries is rare and has been recognized as the causative factor for myocardial ischemia and sudden death. Knowledge about the variations of coronary arterial origin and its course provide a valuable guide to Cardiothoracic Surgeons and Physicians and be useful for producing devices appropriate for variant anatomical structures. The aim of the study was to investigate the number and position of the coronary ostia, emphasizing their possible clinical implications. Methods: Fifty one formalin fixed adult heart specimens were dissected to conduct a morphometric study on coronary ostia and establish their relation with respective aortic sinuses. In addition, branching pattern of the right coronary artery and its dominance were documented. Results: Variations in number and position of ostia in both sinuses were noted. Of the 96 ostia analyzed in the present study, 64.5% were located below the intercommissural line, 11.4% above it and 18.7% at its level. Mean diameter of right and left ostia was measured as 3.03mm and 2.9mm respectively. Mean distance of right and left ostia from their respective sinuses was found to be 15.14mm and 14.20mm respectively. Conclusion: Knowledge of normal and variant anatomy of coronary circulation is a vital component in diagnoses of congenital and acquired cardiac diseases. This study will provide additional information about variations of coronary artery to clinicians and manufacturers to plan their approach for safer and successful treatment.

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