scholarly journals Central nervous system filariasis masquerading as a glioma: case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adesh Shrivastava ◽  
Prateek Arora ◽  
Akriti Khare ◽  
Garima Goel ◽  
Neelkamal Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Filarial Infection ◽  
Provisional Diagnosis ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Glioma Case

Filariasis, an endemic zoonosis in the Southeast Asia region, has been reported to affect various organs as well as the central nervous system (CNS). Inflammatory reactions mimicking those from neoplastic lesions clinically and radiologically have been reported in the breast and urinary bladder. To date, a CNS manifestation of filarial infestation has been reported in the form of meningoencephalitis. The authors here present an interesting case of a young man presenting in status epilepticus, which on radiological evaluation appeared to be a glioma. However, postoperative histopathological examination changed the provisional diagnosis to a filarial infection of the CNS mimicking a primary CNS neoplasm.

Сellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Proinflammatory Monocytes Participation in the Pathogenesis of Mental Disorders. Part 3

Psychiatry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
E. F. Vasilyeva ◽  
O. S. Brusov
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Microglial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Background: at present, the important role of the monocyte-macrophage link of immunity in the pathogenesis of mental diseases has been determined. In the first and second parts of our review, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of activation of monocytes/macrophages, which secreting proinflammatory CD16 receptors, cytokines, chemokines and receptors to them, in the development of systemic immune inflammation in the pathogenesis of somatic diseases and mental disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder (BAD) and depression were analyzed. The association of high levels of proinflammatory activity of monocytes/macrophages in patients with mental disorders with somatic comorbidity, including immune system diseases, is shown. It is known that proinflammatory monocytes of peripheral blood, as a result of violation of the integrity of the hematoencephalic barrier can migrate to the central nervous system and activate the resident brain cells — microglia, causing its activation. Activation of microglia can lead to the development of neuroinammation and neurodegenerative processes in the brain and, as a result, to cognitive disorders. The aim of review: to analyze the results of the main scientific studies concerning the role of cellular and molecular mechanisms of peripheral blood monocytes interaction with microglial cells and platelets in the development of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of mental disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Material and methods: keywords “mental disorders, AD, proinflammatory monocytes, microglia, neuroinflammation, cytokines, chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, platelets, microvesicles” were used to search for articles of domestic and foreign authors published over the past 30 years in the databases PubMed, eLibrary, Science Direct and EMBASE. Conclusion: this review analyzes the results of studies which show that monocytes/macrophages and microglia have similar gene expression profiles in schizophrenia, BAD, depression, and AD and also perform similar functions: phagocytosis and inflammatory responses. Monocytes recruited to the central nervous system stimulate the increased production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), chemokines, for example, MCP-1 (Monocyte chemotactic protein-1) by microglial cells. This promotes the recruitment of microglial cells to the sites of neuronal damage, and also enhances the formation of the brain protein beta-amyloid (Aβ). The results of modern studies are presented, indicating that platelets are involved in systemic inflammatory reactions, where they interact with monocytes to form monocyte-platelet aggregates (MTA), which induce the activation of monocytes with a pro inflammatory phenotype. In the last decade, it has been established that activated platelets and other cells of the immune system, including monocytes, detached microvesicles (MV) from the membrane. It has been shown that MV are involved as messengers in the transport of biologically active lipids, cytokines, complement, and other molecules that can cause exacerbation of systemic inflammatory reactions. The presented review allows us to expand our knowledge about the cellular and molecular aspects of the interaction of monocytes/macrophages with microglial cells and platelets in the development of neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in the pathogenesis of mental diseases and in AD, and also helps in the search for specific biomarkers of the clinical severity of mental disorder in patients and the prospects for their response to treatment.

TDP-43 immunoreactivity in anoxic, ischemic and neoplastic lesions of the central nervous system

2007 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward B. Lee ◽  
Virginia M.-Y. Lee ◽  
John Q. Trojanowski ◽  
Manuela Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Spinal Hemangiopericytoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Antônio Santos De Araújo Júnior ◽  
Arnaldo Salvestrini Júnior ◽  
Pedro Alberto Arlani ◽  
Orlando Parisi ◽  
Mirella Martins Fazzito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Posterior Approach ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Firm Mass

Introduction: Most hemangiopericytomas (HPC) are located in the musculoskeletal system and the skin, while the location in the central nervous system (CNS) is rare. Objective and Methods: We describe a patient suffering from a spinal extradural huge HPC, with marked spinal cord compression, extending from C6 to T3 level, who was elected to surgery. Results: Patient was submitted to surgery, via a posterior approach, indentifying a huge red-brown firm mass, highly vascular, that was softly dissected from surrounding tissues. Total gross removal was accomplished, with “in-block” resection, preserving neurological function, as shown by somatosensitive evoked potential. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry essay were performed confirming the diagnosis of Hemangiopericytoma. Conclusion: Spinal HPCs respond to approximately 8% of all HPC, tend to occur isolated and attached to spinal duramater, and usually present a good surgical cleavage between the tumor and the dura.

scholarly journals An update on meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown aetiology in dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
M. CHARALAMBOUS (Μ. ΧΑΡΑΛΑΜΠΟΥΣ) ◽  
T. DANOURDIS (Τ. ΔΑΝΟΥΡΔΗΣ) ◽  
A. HATZIS (Α. ΧΑΤΖΗΣ) ◽  
Z. S. POLIZOPOULOU (Ζ. ΠΟΛΥΖΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ)
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Unknown Aetiology ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system are common causes of neurological dysfunction in the dog and can be grouped into two broad categories; those of infectious and those of unknown aetiology. Μeningoencephalomyelitis of unknown aetiology include non-infectious inflammatory central nervous system diseases in which abnormal findings on magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis indicate inflammatory central nervous system disease, but for which histopathological confirmation has not been reached. Meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown aetiology describes a group of non-infectious inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. These include the granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis and the necrotising encephalitis, the latter can be further distinguished into two subtypes: necrotising meningoencephalitis and necrotising leucoencephalitis. Steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis may be also included to this category and, usually, does not present signs of encephalitis or/and myelitis (except in the chronic form) and is easier diagnosed even without histopathological examination. In most cases of meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown aetiology, a presumptive diagnosis can be achieved by the assessment of case presentation, theneurologic signs, cerebrospinal fluid testing, cross-sectional imaging of the central nervous system and appropriate microbiological tests.Definite diagnosis is achieved with histopathological examination. The underlying cause for these diseases is unknown. The clinical signs in meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown aetiology is variable and depends on which area of the central nervous sytem is affected. Meningoencephalomyelitis is acute in onset, progressive in nature and associated with multifocal to diffuse neuroanatomic localization. Extraneural signs are less common and these usually include pyrexia and peripheral neutrophilia. The differential diagnosis for dogs presented for an acute onset of multifocal central nervous system signs includes genetic abnormalities, metabolic disorders, infectious meningoencephalitis, toxin exposure, stroke and neoplasia.The diagnostic approach includes a complete blood count, a comprehensive chemistry panel, urinalysis, survey radiographs of the thorax plus abdominal ultrasound to rule out systematic disease and metastatic neoplasia, computed-tomography or magnetic reso meningitisnance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and microbiological tests.When neoplasia is suspected, computed-tomography-guided brain biopsy may be required for the differentiation. Meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown aetiology responds more or less to immunosuppressive therapies, but the prognosis should be guarded to poor with the exception of steroid-responsive meningitisarteritis, for which it is good. Treatment protocols are based on prednisolone, but new immunosuppressive agents have now been added in those to control the diseases and they seem to be effective. However, gold standard protocols have yet to be established.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSIS OF PLEOMORPHIC XANTHOASTROCYTOMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 457-461
Author(s):  
Eryk Mikos ◽  
Joanna Dmochowska ◽  
Karol Kanon ◽  
Sara Moqbil ◽  
Wanesa Góralczyk
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma ◽  
Braf V600e ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Introduction. Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare astrocytic cancer of the central nervous system that is classified as grade II according to the WHO score. It accounts for 1% of primary brain tumors. It is mainly located in the temporal lobe and belongs to a group of tumors called long-term epilepsy associated tumors. Surgical tumor resection is the treatment of choice. Brief description of the state of knowledge. The non-invasive method of PXA diagnostics is neuroimaging, which is based on computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the image, PXA presents as a solid tumor undergoing contrast enhancement, located supratentorial, with frequent peripheral cystic components. The characteristic histologic picture for PXA is the presence of highly pleomorphic, fusiform or round, large astrocytes with single or multiple cell nuclei. Lymphoplasmic infiltrates are visible within the tumor. The most common mutations associated with the occurrence of this cancer are mutations in the BRAF V600E gene. Conclusions. PXA is a very rare tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) that can recur and spread throughout the CNS. Imaging tests, i.e. CT and MRI, allow for precise imaging of the lesion, however, it is necessary to perform a histopathological examination to make a final diagnosis. The rarity of this cancer assimilates diagnostic problems. Therefore, further molecular research is needed to develop more efficient diagnostics.

scholarly journals Tumor necrosis factor antagonists for paradoxical inflammatory reactions in the central nervous system tuberculosis

Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (43) ◽  
pp. e22626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Santin ◽  
Cristina Escrich ◽  
Carles Majòs ◽  
Mariona Llaberia ◽  
Maria D. Grijota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Necrosis Factor

scholarly journals Late Onset of Cerebellar Abiotrophy in a Boxer Dog

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Gumber ◽  
Doo-Youn Cho ◽  
Timothy W. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Head Tilt ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Degenerative Disorder

Cerebellar abiotrophy is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system and has been reported in humans and animals. This case report documents clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings of cerebellar abiotrophy in an adult Boxer dog. A 3.5-year-old, female, tan Boxer dog presented with a six-week history of left-sided head tilt. Neurological examination and additional diagnostics during her three subsequent visits over 4.5 months revealed worsening of neurological signs including marked head pressing, severe proprioceptive deficits in all the four limbs, loss of menace response and palpebral reflex in the left eye, and a gradual seizure lasting one hour at her last visit. Based on the immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein and histopathological examination of cerebellum, cerebellar cortical abiotrophy was diagnosed. This is the first reported case of cerebellar abiotrophy in a Boxer dog to our knowledge.

Hemangiosarcoma in skin, brain and spinal cord of a bitch – case report

2018 ◽  
Vol XXIII (134) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Felipe Noleto de Paiva ◽  
Vitor Eduardo Arantes de Barros ◽  
Eric Saymom Andrade Brito ◽  
Adilson Donizeti Damasceno
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Hemangiosarcoma is a neoplasm which originates from the vascular endothelium, presenting itself in two distinct forms, visceral and non-visceral. The visceral form occurs mainly in the spleen, with main foci of metastasis in the lungs, liver, omentum and mesentery, affecting the central nervous system in rare cases. The present study reports on a case of hemangiosarcoma in a bitch, with cutaneous and central nervous system involvement. The animal presented important neurological signs with an acute clinical evolution, and was submitted to euthanasia. Necroscopic examination revealed multiple cutaneous nodules and masses in the brain and spinal cord, which were submitted to histopathological examination. The final diagnosis was hemangiosarcoma.

Overview of Covid-19 Infection Manifestation in Neuropsychiatry Aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Dianli Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neuro Inflammation ◽  
Wuhan Area

At the end of 2019 the world was shocked by the corona virus infection pandemic. This virus began with reports of infections in the Wuhan area, China. The death rate from covid-19 infection can reach 3%; however, the mortality rate in critically ill patients with Covid infection is much higher, reaching 61.5%. The main manifestation of covid infection is respiratory tract infection. Corona virus can penetrate central nervous system) and cerebrospinal fluid in less than a week. Histopathological examination of the brain of the deceased Covid-19 showed the potential for SARS-CoV-2 to infect the central nervous system (CNS). Neuro-inflammation can also damage the BBB (Blood Brain Barrier). A number of patients treated with Cocid 19 infection exhibited symptoms of confusion and agitation in the absence of respiratory symptoms or other signs of infection. A recent survey in China showed that 35% of respondents reported psychological distress while 53.8% rated the psychological impact of the pandemic as moderate or severe. The existence of the Covid pandemic not only has a direct impact on infected individuals but has also caused a new wave of psychological stress in society. This study attempts to summarize the neuropsychiatric impact and neuropathological mechanisms of Covid 19 infection.

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