scholarly journals Fascicular shifting: a novel technique to overcome large nerve defects

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-731
Author(s):  
Maria Hader ◽  
Matthias E. Sporer ◽  
Aidan D. Roche ◽  
Ewald Unger ◽  
Konstantin D. Bergmeister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Group

OBJECTIVEOver the last decade, a number of authors have investigated the utility of different biological and synthetic matrices as alternatives to conventional nerve grafts. However, the autologous nerve graft remains the gold standard, even though it often involves using a pure sensory nerve to reconstruct a mixed or even a pure motor nerve. Furthermore, limited donor sites often necessitate a significant mismatch of needed nerve tissue, especially for large proximal nerve defects such as brachial plexus lesions. Here, the authors present a new technique that overcomes these problems: the fascicular shift procedure (FSP). A fascicular group of the nerve distal to the injury is harvested in a sufficient length to bridge the nerve defect.METHODSThe method of fascicular shifting was tested at the sciatic nerve in 45 Lewis rats. In the experimental group, a 15-mm nerve defect was created and reconstructed with a fascicular group that was harvested directly distal to the gap. This group was compared with 1 negative control group (defect without reconstruction) and 3 positive control groups (sensory, motor, and mixed graft). After 12 weeks of nerve regeneration, outcome was evaluated using retrograde labeling, histomorphometric analysis, and muscle force analysis.RESULTSAll reconstructed groups showed successful regeneration with various levels of function. The negative control group showed minimal force measurements that were of no functional value. The fascicular shift provided sufficient guidance to overcome nerve defects, had higher (p < 0.1) motor neuron counts (1958.75 ± 657.21) than the sensory graft (1263.50 ± 538.90), and was equal to motor grafts (1490.43 ± 794.80) and mixed grafts (1720.00 ± 866.421). This tendency of improved motor regeneration was confirmed in all analyses. The mixed graft group was compared with the experimental group to investigate the influence of the potential damage induced by the fascicular shift distal to the repair site. However, none of the analyses revealed an impairment of nerve regeneration for both the tibial and common peroneal index muscles.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates that harvesting a transplant from the nerve segment distal to the injury site offers a mixed graft without causing additional donor-site morbidity. These grafts perform statistically better than a standard sensory graft in terms of motor recovery. The fascicular shift presents a novel method to reconstruct large proximal nerve defects, making it immensely attractive in brachial plexus reconstruction.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic biomonitoring of Brazilian dentists occupationally exposed to low doses of X-radiation

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cintia Kaori Miyaji ◽  
Ilce Mara de Syllos Cólus
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Personal Questionnaire

Exposure to X-rays (ionizing radiation) may cause chromosomal aberrations (CA) in somatic or germinative cells in exposed individuals, and may lead to manifestations of diseases such as cancer. This study was carried out to assess the CA frequency in lymphocytes obtained by means of temporary culture of peripheral blood from dentists in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, who have worked for more than ten years with X-rays. The results obtained from the experimental group were compared with a matched negative control group, which had never been exposed to X-rays. All individuals, dentists and controls, answered a personal questionnaire, from which a profile of each group was obtained. Slides, prepared after the cultures, were stained with Giemsa, and 100 to 200 metaphase cells were analyzed per individual. CA frequencies and types were registered and statistical tests were not necessary to evaluate the obtained data. The analysis of mitotic index (MI) did not indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between the group of individuals exposed to X-rays and the control group. The analyzed confounding factors did not influence the results of MI and CA frequencies.

scholarly journals Osteopromotion Capacity of Bovine Cortical Membranes in Critical Defects of Rat Calvaria: Histological and Immunohistochemical Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Ferrairo Danieletto-Zanna ◽  
Vinícius Ferreira Bizelli ◽  
Guilherme André Del Arco Ramires ◽  
Tamires Melo Francatti ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Perri de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Clot ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Collagen Membrane ◽  
Rat Calvaria ◽  
Experimental Group

Membranes that aid the guided bone regeneration (GBR) process have been the subject of studies of compatible biomaterials that contribute to this repair process. The present study compared different membranes used in critical-size defects of rat calvaria by assessing GBR as well as histological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical reactions. Forty-eight male albino Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 12 each), namely, C: membrane-free control group (only blood clot, negative control group); BG: porcine collagen membrane group (Bio-Gide®, positive control group); GD: bovine cortical membrane group (first experimental group); and GDF: thicker bovine cortical membrane group (second experimental group). Rats were euthanized at 30 and 60 days postoperatively. Quantitative data from the histometric analysis were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s posttest when p<0.05. Histomorphometric results of the thicker bovine cortical membrane at 30 and 60 days were promising, showing improved new bone formation values (p<0.05), and the CD group presented similar results in both analysis periods, being surpassed only by the GDF group (p<0.05). The immunohistochemical results were associated with the histomorphometric data. A less-thick membrane also assisted in GBR. All membranes promoted GBR, especially the positive control and experimental groups.

scholarly journals Efektifitas Spray Ekstrak Daun Lamtoro (Leucaena Leucocephala) terhadap Jumlah dan Waktu Kematian Caplak Rhipicephalus sanguineus pada Anjing

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olan Rahayu PAN
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
One Way Anova

This study aims to test the effectiveness of using Spray Extract Leucaena Leaf (Leucaena leucocephala) on dogs with Tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The method used is an experimental design with Group Random Design (GRD), with the number of sample 8 dogs of different ages and sex. Samples were divided into four treatments and two replications. Data analysis techniques used in this study is the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), with an examination of macroscopic was conducted by observing the amount and time of death Ticks Rhipicephalus Sanguineus in dogs were carried out on the day of observation 7th, 14th and 21st. The results of the study with α = 5% concluded that: (1) Based on the results of one way ANOVA test in the experimental group, showed that the influence of leaf extract dose leuceana to the number of ticks deaths; Based on the observation time, there is the influence of observation time to the number of ticks. (2) F count > F table = 129.7 (P <0.05) showed that the treatment group of dogs were given the extract leuceana leaf spray dose 60% (P3) and most effective when compared with those dogs from the negative control group without treatment (P0), a group treated extract leuceana leaf spray dose of 20% (P1), and a group treated extract leuceana leaf spray dose of 40% (P2).

scholarly journals Is traditional herbal mix composition effective on wound healing?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Serap Gokce Eskin ◽  
Yucel Basimoglu Koca ◽  
Serdal Ogut
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Wound Model ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: Wound healing is a dynamic process that includes biochemical and physiological phenomena. Studies confirm that plants are used in wound healing to a great extent.  Antique oil (HBX 2371) has been produced as a traditional herbal mixed. This herbal mixture contains sesame oil, thyme oil, olive leaf, fig seed, grape seed, turmeric, and cinnamon. We evaluated traditional plant mixed oil ( Antique oil) for its wound-healing activity using an excision wound model in rats. Methods: The study used a preclinical, in vivo experimental, and analytical design. In the study, a total of 21 Sprague-Dawley rats, including 7 as experimental group, 7 as negative-control group, and 7 as positive-control group, were used. After the ischemic wound was created in experimental animals, the research data relating to the histochemical changes and biochemical parameters of the wound healing parameters were collected Results: A to research in experimental group fibroblast count, collagen density, fat cells, epithelization scores higher than the other groups and inflammatory cell density lower than the others. According to the results of the study, the highest TAC value (3.94 ± 0.21) was determined in the experimental group and results showed that antique oil administration decreased the TOC value. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was observed that antique oil prevented the wound changes induced by the incision, increased the repair of the epidermal and dermal structure in a short time, increased the antioxidant level, and decreased the oxidation level. Clinical studies are recommended.

scholarly journals Sterility Maintenance Assessment of Moist/Wet Material After Steam Sterilization and 30-day Storage

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 786-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovana Abrahão de Araújo Moriya ◽  
Kazuko Uchikawa Graziano
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Steam Sterilization ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Nonwoven Cloth ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Support Decision Making

Moist/wet materials stored after autoclaving are considered contaminated and not recommended for use. This study evaluates the maintenance of sterility in moist/wet material after being submitted to steam sterilization and stored for a period of 30 days. Aiming to support decision-making in emergency situations, 40 surgical boxes packed in nonwoven cloth covering Spunbound, Metblouwn, Spunbound (SMS): half (the experimental group) were placed in an autoclave but the drying phase was interrupted, yielding moist/wet materials and the other half (the negative control group) underwent the complete cycle. The external parts of each surgical box were deliberately contaminated with Serratia marcescens and subsequently stored for 30 days. After this period, the boxes' contents were submitted to sterility tests and no growth was observed. The presence of moisture inside the surgical boxes did not interfere with maintaining their sterility.

scholarly journals Use of Silver Nanoparticles Reduces Internal Contamination of External Hexagon Implants by Candida albicans

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Haruo Matsubara ◽  
Fernando Igai ◽  
Regina Tamaki ◽  
Pedro Tortamano Neto ◽  
Atlas Edson Moleros Nakamae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implant Abutment ◽  
Sterile Medium ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract: Since the dental implant/abutment interface cannot totally seal the passage of microorganisms, the interior of implant becomes a reservoir of pathogenic microorganisms that produce and maintain chronic inflammation in the tissues around implants. Silver nanoparticles (nano-Ag) are potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of the nano-Ag to prevent the contamination of the implant internal surface byCandida albicans, caused by the implant/abutment microgap infiltration. Thirty-six implants were used in this experiment. Three study groups were performed: experimental group (implants receiving an application of nano-Ag in their inner cavity before installation of the abutment); positive-control group (implants receiving sterile phosphate buffer saline application instead of nano-Ag) and negative-control group (implants receiving the application of nano-Ag in the inner cavity and immersed in a sterile medium). In the positive-control and experimental groups, the implants were immersed in a Candida albicans suspension. The abutments of all three groups were screwed with a 10 N torque. After 72 h of immersion inC. albicans suspension or sterile medium, the abutments were removed and the inner surface of the implants was sampled with absorbent paper cone for fungal detection. No C. albicans contamination was observed in the negative-control group. The positive-control group showed statistically higher values of colony forming units (CFUs) of C. albicans compared with the experimental group. In conclusion, silver nanoparticles reduced C. albicans colonization inside the implants, even with low torque screw abutment.

Tissue Engineering Scaffold Slowly Releasing Neurotrophic Factors to Bridge Long Peripheral Nerve Defect

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-334
Author(s):  
Jie Dai ◽  
Maimaitiaili Niyazi ◽  
Jiang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Neural Regeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Release System

Consistent application of neurotropic factors is necessary in peripheral nerve regeneration, yet challenging to achieve. Here we used a novel neurotropic factor controlled release system consisted of fibrin, fibronectin and hydrogel to slowly release two neurotrophic factors. At the same time, physiological saline and reverse nerve suturing were used as negative and positive control. A year after surgery, animals which were treated by neurotrophic factor slow release system achieved far better neural regeneration and myelination, as well as superior recovery of hindfoot than the negative control group. In the meanwhile, the results in the experimental group are still inferior to the nerve allograft group. In can be concluded from those results that, consistent releasing of neurotrophic factors can significantly promote long peripheral nerve regeneration, but still short of achieving the results same as the gold standard of autologous nerve grafting.

scholarly journals UJI EFEK ANALGESIK EKSTRAK DAUN BELUNTAS (Pluchea indica (L.) Less.) PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus)

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Venty Riani Sibarani ◽  
Pemsi Mona Wowor ◽  
Henoch Awaloei
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heat Stimulation ◽  
Pain Stimulation ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract: This research aimed to know whether or not the extract of marsh  fleabane leaves possess an analgesic effect on mice. This research used experimental method, with the sample of 15 mice divided into 5 groups. The negative control group is given aquadest, the positive control group is given paracetamol, and 3 experimental group are given marsh  fleabane leaves extract, each is given at dose  150 mg/kgBB, 300 mg/kgBB, and 600 mg/kgBB. The testing of analgesic effect is done by giving pain stimulation to the mice, by means of applying 55°C  heat. Mice’s response is observed is licking or flicking response. The observation is done for 1 minute. The observation is done before the administration of test substances, and then the observation is done on the 30th, 60th, 90th, and 120th minute after the administration of test substances. The research result showed the amount of response of pain stimulation on the group is given marsh  fleabane leaves extract start decrease on the 30th minute and keep on giving effect on the 60th minute. On the 90th minute the analgesic effect start decrease, but still show analgesic effect. The extract of marsh  fleabane leaves show analgesic effect, but the effect analgesic of marsh  fleabane is lower than paracetamol. Keywords: analgesic, extract of marsh  fleabane leaves, heat stimulation.     Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya efek analgesik dari ekstrak daun beluntas. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental dengan menggunakan 15 ekor mencit yang dibagi ke dalam 5 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol negatif diberikan aquades, kelompok kontrol positif diberikan parasetamol, dan 3 kelompok eksperimental diberikan ekstrak daun beluntas, masing-masing dengan dosis 150 mg/kgBB, 300 mg/kgBB, dan 600 mg/kgBB. Pengujian efek analgesik dilakukan dengan memberikan rangsangan nyeri pada hewan uji, berupa rangsangan panas dengan suhu 55°C. Respon mencit yang diamati yaitu gerakan menjilat kaki dan atau melompat. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 1 menit. Pengamatan dilakukan sebelum pemberian zat uji, kemudian berturut-turut pada menit ke-30, 60, 90, dan 120 setelah pemberian zat uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah respon terhadap rangsang nyeri pada kelompok mencit yang diberi ekstrak daun beluntas mulai menurun pada menit ke-30 dan terus memberikan efek pada menit ke-60. Pada menit ke-90 efek analgesiknya mulai menurun, tetapi masih menunjukkan efek analgesik. Ekstrak daun beluntas menunjukkan adanya efek analgesik, namun efek analgesiknya lebih rendah dari parasetamol. Kata kunci: analgesik, ekstrak daun beluntas, rangsang panas

scholarly journals Transfection of STAT3 Overexpression Plasmid Mediated by Recombinant Lentivirus Promotes Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Into Neural Cells in Fetal Rats With Spina Bifida Aperta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
mingyu Jiang ◽  
Ji-cheng Dai ◽  
Ming-ying Yin ◽  
Ming-yong Ren
Keyword(s):  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Caspase 8 ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Blank Control Group ◽  
Spina Bifida Aperta ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background To investigate the influence of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) on spinal cord tissue grafts of rat fetuses with spina bifida aperta. In particular, we wished to determine if STAT3 overexpression plasmid transfection would increase survival of spinal cord transplantation to improve therapeutic efficiency. Methods The fetal rat model of spina bifida aperta was established by retinoic acid and treated by microsurgical injection of stem cells. They were divided into blank control group (n = 12), negative control group (n = 10) and experimental group (n = 11). The optical density (OD) value of BMSCs viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The expression of STAT3, pSTAT3, nerve markers (Glial fibrillary acidic protein, Neuron-specific enolase, Neurofilament and Nestin) and apoptosis related factors (Caspase 8 and Bcl-2) were tested by the method of real-time PCR and Western blot. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0 software. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze differences among three or more groups. The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation from at least three independent experiments. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results OD value in experimental group was the highest at 8 hours after transplantation by CCK-8, and then gradually decreased, which was statistically significant compared with blank control group and negative control group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in OD peak time and value between blank control group and negative control group. The expression levels of pSTAT3, Glial fibrillary acidic protein, Neuron-specific enolase, Neurofilament and Nestin in experimental group were remarkably higher than those in blank control group and negative control group (P < 0.05), but STAT3 expression in experimental group were statistically decreased (P < 0.05). The relative expression levels of Caspase-8 and Bcl-2 in experimental group were tremendously lower than those in blank control group and negative control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Transfection of recombinant lentivirus mediated STAT3 overexpression plasmid with BMSCs can improve the efficiency of transforming into neural cells and provide new seed cells for the treatment of congenital spina bifida aperta.

scholarly journals Protective effects of Ceratonia siliqua extract on protamine gene expression, testicular function, and testicular histology in doxorubicin-treated adult rats: An experimental study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengameh Mehdi Khani ◽  
Mehrdad Shariati ◽  
Mohsen Forouzanfar ◽  
Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Testicular Function ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Testicular Histology ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Spermatogenesis is a complex process that takes place under the influence of many different genes. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of Ceratonia siliqua hydroalcoholic extract (CSHAE) on protamine gene expression, testicular function, and testicular histology in doxorubicin-treated rats. Materials and Methods: 56 adult male rats with a age range of 2.5 to 3 months (210 ± 10 gr) were divided into seven groups (n = 8/each). A) Control group was left untreated; B) Sham group received 0.3 ml distilled water intraperitoneally, C) Negative control group received 3 mg/kg doxorubicin, intraperitoneally once a week for 28 days; and D) Positive control group received 600 mg/kg of CSHAE orally for 48 days; E, F, G) the experimental groups 1, 2, and 3 received 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg of CSHAE respectively orally, for 48 days, as well as 3 mg/kg doxorubicin once a week for 28 days. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used in the histological study of testes, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used in measuring serum levels of testosterone. Protamine gene expression was determined by real-Time PCR method. Results: The mean body weight, testicular weight, testicular volume, testosterone level (p = 0.022), the count of Leydig, spermatogonia, spermatocyte, and spermatid cells, as well as protamine gene expression (p = 0.008) were significantly increased in the experimental group 2 compared to the negative control group. The regeneration of testicular tissue was observed in the experimental group 2. Conclusion: CSHAE has protective effect on doxorubicin-induced testicular injuries. Key words: Ceratonia siliqua, Doxorubicin, Protamine, Testicular injuries, Rat.

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