scholarly journals Ocular Morbidity among Children Attending Government and Private Schools of Kathmandu Valley

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (184) ◽  
Author(s):  
R K Shrestha ◽  
MR Joshi ◽  
R Ghising ◽  
A Rizyal
Keyword(s):  
Private Schools ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
School Students ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Refractive Status ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Eye Examination ◽  
Ocular Morbidity

Introduction: Children from the developing world are more prone to going blind from avoidable and preventable causes. In Nepal, children in private schools are reported to have a higher ocular morbidity than those in government schools, with myopia being the major cause of the morbidity. This study was designed to evaluate ocular morbidity in students from both types of school. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, comparative study among students from government and private schools of Kathmandu. Eye examination was carried out evaluating visual acuity, color vision, refractive status, binocular vision status, and anterior and posterior segment findings. Results: A total of 4,228 students from government and private schools were evaluated. The prevalence of ocular morbidity was 19.56 % with refractive error (11.9 %) being the major cause of the morbidity, followed by strabismus and infective disorders. No signifi cant difference in the prevalence of ocular morbidity and refractive status was found in the students from government and private schools. Conclusions: A signifi cant number of children of school-going age have ocular morbidity with no signifi cant difference in the prevalence in the students from government and private schools. Research exploring the effect of various risk factors in the progression of myopia would be helpful to investigate the refractive status in children from these different types of schools. Keywords: Myopia, ocular morbidity, school Students

scholarly journals Ocular Morbidity among Children of Government Schools of Kathmandu Valley: A Follow-up Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (206) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kishor Shrestha ◽  
Gauri Shankar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
P Value ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Government School ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Convergence Insufficiency ◽  
Ocular Morbidity

Introduction: Ocular and vision defects are common among school going children. Vision disorders, especially refractive error are the m disability of children and the leading cause of handicapping conditions in childhood. The present study was conducted to find out ocular morbidity among students of government schools of Kathmandu valley.Methods: In the descriptive and cross-sectional study, 2412 students, comprising of 1114 (46.2%) males and 1298 (53.8%) females were enrolled in to the study from the five government schools of Kathmandu valley from 2012 to 2013. Detailed eye examination included distance visual acuity testing, anterior and posterior segment examinations, retinoscopy and refraction, cover test, near point of convergence, amplitude of accommodation and color vision test. The Chi-square test was performed to analyze the association between ocular morbidity and age and sex. P-value was considered significant at 0.05 for 95% confidence interval.Results: Majority of children was age group between 11 and 13 years (n=783, 32.5%). A male to female ratio was 0.85. Presenting and best spectacle corrected visual acuity of 6/6 was present in 2257 (93.6%) and 2380 (98.7%) respectively. Total ocular morbidity was observed in 515 (21.4%) subjects. The most common types of ocular morbidity were refractive error in 241 (10%), conjunctivitis in 104 (4.3%) and convergence insufficiency in 82 (3.4%).Conclusions: Refractive error, conjunctivitis and convergence insufficiency represent the most common ocular morbidities among students of government schools.Keywords: conjunctivitis; government school; ocular morbidity; refractive error; students. [PubMed]

scholarly journals Ocular Morbidity among Orphanages

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (177) ◽  
Author(s):  
M K Shrestha ◽  
L Wolf ◽  
U Shrestha ◽  
K Gurung ◽  
B S Chansi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Type ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Keywords Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Ocular Deviation ◽  
Eye Examination ◽  
Ocular Morbidity

INTRODUCTION: The study assesses the spectrum of ocular morbidity and predictors of morbidity in children living in orphanages in the Kathmandu Valley. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was performed at 12 orphanages over a period of three months. The survey included a questionnaire and a complete eye examination, which included measurement of refraction, ocular deviation, and a fundus exam. Prevalence of ocular morbidity was calculated. Factors associated with ocular morbidity were examined using logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 660 children were included in the study (median age nine years [range 0.25-15]; 53% male). The prevalence of ocular morbiditywas 17.9% (118). Of those with ocular morbidity, 88.1% (104) had similar ocular problems bilaterally. The most common type of morbidity was refractive error, found in 70.3% (83) of those with ocular morbidity (12.6% overall). CONCLUSIONS: Refractive errors, which are largely correctable, are the greatest source of morbidity. In order to reduce childhood blindness, children living in orphanages are an appropriate group to target for future ocular screening in Nepal. Keywords: children, Nepal, ocular morbidity, ocular screening, orphanage

scholarly journals Study on ocular morbidity in eye camp patients in rural medical hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-391
Author(s):  
Jeevitha R ◽  
Pooja H V ◽  
H T Venkate Gowda
Keyword(s):  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eye Examination ◽  
Ocular Morbidity

: To determine the prevalence and pattern of the different types of ocular morbidities in elderly eye camp patients.: Cross sectional observational study from July 2018 to June 2019, in eye camp patients aged 40-80 years attending Ophthalmology Department with a history of ocular diseases underwent routine eye examination.Data was entered in MS Excel 2016 and analysed using SPSS 17.0 by using descriptive statistics like frequency and percentage.: Of 2912 people, males were 1759 and females were 1153. Most common ocular morbidity was Cataract 1967 (67.54%) and Cataract associated with comorbidities were 391 (13.42%), followed by glaucoma 152 (5.2%), hypertensive 92 (3.1%) and diabetic 84 (2.8%) retinopathy, blepharitis 78 (2.6%), pterygium 69 (2.3%), Chronic dacrocystitis 41 (1.4%), refractive error 12 (0.4%), Age related macular degeneration ten (0.3%). Less common were phacotoxic uveitis eight (0.2%), corneal opacity five (0.1%) and Retinitis Pigmentosa three (0.1%).: Cataract, glaucoma were major ocular diseases seen in the study. Efforts aimed at reducing high prevalence of treatable or preventable morbidities such as cataract, glaucoma.

scholarly journals Knowledge of conjunctivitis among high school students in Pokhara valley of Western Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Sarita Tuladhar ◽  
Jamuna Gurung
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
School Students ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pokhara Valley

Introduction: Conjunctivitis is a common health problem in Nepal. It is inflammation of conjunctiva presenting as red eye. It is a communicable eye disease. Health education to the students and proper management can help spread of the disease. Knowledge of conjunctivitis among school students will help in prevention of the disease. So the study was carried out to assess the knowledge of conjunctivitis among high school students in Pokhara valley of Western Nepal. Materials/ Methods: A school based cross sectional study was performed among six government schools in western Nepal from May 2019 to June 2019. Students from grade eight, nine and ten were included in the study. Data was collected using structured questionnaire including demographic data, knowledge regarding sign symptoms of conjunctivitis, treatment, prevention, complication of conjunctivitis. Data was analysed using SPSS version 11.6. Result: A total of 523 students were included in the study. The mean age of the students was 14.7 ± 1.2 years with majority of females (53%). Nearly 2/3rd of the students (61.6%) had heard of conjunctivitis. Majority of the students (87.4%) of the students mentioned that it is communicable while 80.3% of the students correctly mentioned its etiology. Majority of the students (97.9%) mentioned that it is curable with treatment as first option (97.5%). Majority of the students (98.3%) correctly responded to the preventive measures but majority of the students (83.2%) wrongly mentioned mode of transmission. Conclusion: Secondary school students in Western Nepal have poor knowledge of conjunctivitis. Appropriate eye health education should be given to school students to prevent rapid spread of infective conjunctivitis.  

scholarly journals Menstrual Hygiene Practice and School Absenteeism among Rural Adolescent girls of Kalikot district

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-264
Author(s):  
D Ranabhat ◽  
S Nepal ◽  
B. Regmi
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hygiene Practice ◽  
School Absenteeism ◽  
School Students ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene

Menstruation is a part of female reproductive cycle that starts when girls become sexually mature at the time of puberty. This study sought to assess the menstrual hygiene practice and school absenteeism among the rural school going adolescent girls. A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among 321 female high school students of 4 selected government schools of Kalikot a rural district of Nepal. It was found that majority of student’s menstrual hygiene practice was poor i.e. 86.9%. Majority of respondents (96 %) used clean cloth during their menstruation cycle, whereas only 4% of respondents used sanitary pad. Almost every adolescent girl i.e. 98.8 % practiced any cultural restriction. Nearly 1 in 4 respondents (22.1%) did not attend school during their last menstruation and more than 1 in 10 adolescent girls felt that their academic performance was degraded after menarche. Adolescent girls of 10-14 age group were three time more likely to have poor practice than those who were between 15-19 years. Adolescent girls from nuclear families are 1.9 times more likely to be absent from school during the menstrual cycle in comparison to girls from joint families. The study revealed that among the adolescent girls of the study area, the overall menstrual hygiene practice was found to be poor and the various beliefs were found to be inappropriate and school absenteeism was also prevalent during menstrual cycle.

scholarly journals Anthropometrically Determined Undernutrition among the Adolescent Girls in Kathmandu Valley

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Private Schools ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Government School ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Health Organization

Background No information exists regarding the health of the adolescent girls residing in Kathmandu valley in urban setup.Objective To evaluate the prevalence of undernutrition among the adolescent girls living in Kathmandu valley. It also aims to know the distribution of weight, height and body mass index of adolescent girls in relation to the different adolescent age groups.Method A cross sectional study was conducted in one government and two private schools in Kathmandu valley from 16th April to 15th September 2010. Anthropometric measurements were recorded using standardized methodology as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). Standard operational definitions like percentiles, mean, standard deviation and proportions were used for analysis.Result Four hundred adolescent girls were enrolled randomly, out of which 111 girls (27.8%) were from government school and 289 girls (72.2 %) were from private schools. Maximum were of 16 years of age and the least were of 19 years of age, mean age being 15.4 years of age. Of them, early, mid and late adolescents were 41%, 35% and 24% respectively. Around one third of the study population were stunted (32%), one fourth were underweight (24%) and one tenth of them were thin (9.5%) based on National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS )standard.Both underweight and stunted girls were significantly more during the late adolescence period (P<0.001). However, thinness was not significant in any of the three adolescent age groups.Conclusion A high prevalence of undernutrition in terms of stunting, underweight and thinness exists among the adolescent girls in Kathmandu valley.

scholarly journals “Students in public and private schools—which are at higher risk of drug use?”: A survey from Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Bahramnejad ◽  
Abedin Iranpour ◽  
Nouzar Nakhaee
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private

Abstract Background Recent evidence from Western countries suggests that private school students are more prone to drug use. Such an evidence is lacking in Muslim countries. The aim of this study was to examine whether the risk of drug use is higher in private schools than public schools.Methods This cross sectional study was conducted on 650 tenth grade students of Kerman city, the center of largest province of Iran using cluster sampling. Well-validated questionnaires regarding current, lifetime substance use, and perceived use by classmates were utilized. Substances included in the questionnaire were waterpipe, cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, opium, methamphetamine, and Naas. Drug Use Tendency Scale was used to measure the attitudes of students towards drug use.Results The response rate was 93.7%. More than 82% of sample were public school students (n = 504). Current use of cigarette and marijuana was higher in private schools (12.2% and 3.0%, respectively) than public schools (4.4% and 0.5%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Perceived prevalence of cigarette smoking by classmates was higher among private school students.Conclusion Despite the popular belief that private schools are better than public schools regarding the risk of substance use, students who attend private schools may be at a higher risk of turning to some drugs comparing to public schools in Iran.

scholarly journals OBESITY

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 489-493
Author(s):  
FARHEEN UMAR QURESHI ◽  
JAWAD HUSSAIN ◽  
ANWAR SAOOD SAQIB
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Obese Individual ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Background: The problem of overweight and obesity is not confined only to developed countries but is also widely prevalent in developing countries. The study under report relates to determining prevalence of obesity and overweight in adolescent school boys. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys of public and private secondary schools, Faisalabad, and to relate it with their dietary style and physical activity. Study Design: Cross sectional and institutional based study. Methods: A total of 600 school boys of different age groups from the classes 6th to 10th were randomly selected and included for anthropometric measurements to categorize them into normal, overweight and obese individual. Their diet pattern and physical activity records were taken to correlate it with the obesity level. Results: The collected data revealed that 423 (70.5%) boys were normal. Whereas 98 (16.3%) were found to be overweight. Out of these, 72 (24.0%) were from private schools; while 26 (8.7%) were from government schools. Only 6 (2.0%) fell into obese category, and all belonged to private schools. No one was found to be obese in government schools. Mean ± SD weights (kg) in government and private school boys were 50.93 ± 7.18 and 56.34 ± 11.94, respectively whereas mean ± SD heights (m) of government and private schools boys were found to be 1.55 ± 6.64 and 1.56 ± 7.92 respectively. The data was statistically analyzed which exhibited significant relation with weight and BMI value. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight was significantly higher in boys who ate junk foods and spent more time in watching television and sitting before computers. The findings of this study was found in agreement with certain earlier studies that revealed prevalence of obesity is to be on the increase among the private school boys of the area. It is, therefore, emphasized that regular physical exercise, regulated television viewing, doing household activities, balanced diet and healthy eating habits should be motivated in school children to ensure control of overweight and obesity, in this class of children.

scholarly journals “Students in public and private schools—which are at higher risk of drug use?”: A survey from Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Bahramnejad ◽  
Abedin Iranpour ◽  
Nouzar Nakhaee
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private

Abstract Background : Recent evidence from Western countries suggests that private school students are more prone to drug use. Such an evidence is lacking in Muslim countries. The aim of this study was to examine whether the risk of drug use is higher in private schools than public schools. Methods : This cross sectional study was conducted on 650 tenth grade students of Kerman city, the center of largest province of Iran using cluster sampling. Well-validated questionnaires regarding current, lifetime substance use, and perceived use by classmates were utilized. Substances included in the questionnaire were waterpipe, cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, opium, methamphetamine, and Naas. Drug Use Tendency Scale was used to measure the attitudes of students towards drug use. Results : The response rate was 93.7%. More than 82% of sample were public school students (n=504). Current use of cigarette and marijuana was higher in private schools (12.2% and 3.0%, respectively) than public schools (4.4% and 0.5%, respectively) (P<0.05). Perceived prevalence of cigarette smoking by classmates was higher among private school students. Conclusion : Despite the popular belief that private schools are better than public schools regarding the risk of substance use, students who attend private schools may be at a higher risk of turning to some drugs comparing to public schools in Iran.

Socio-demographic correlates of school refusal among primary school students in Ranchi City

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Mayank Srivastava ◽  
Dipanjan Bhattacharjee ◽  
Vinod Kumar Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Private Schools ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
School Refusal ◽  
Family Type ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Introduction: School refusal has some distinctive features and it can affect the academic achievement of the students very negatively. Several socio-demographic factors are responsible for school refusal. This study intends to see the role of some socio-demographic factors in school refusal among primary grade students of five private schools of the city of Ranchi. Methodology: It was a Cross-sectional school-based study on five private schools of Ranchi city. Total students approached were 1640, out of which 52 students were selected purposively as per the study criteria. Socio-demographic Data Sheet and School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised (SRAS-R) were used and descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were used. Results: Factors like the gender of the students, parental education, monthly family income and family type have a significant impact on school refusal behaviour of selected students.  Conclusion: School refusal is a complicated problem and it has been influenced by various factors.  Keywords: School refusal, demographic variables, parents, family, absenteeism

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