Study on ocular morbidity in eye camp patients in rural medical hospital

: To determine the prevalence and pattern of the different types of ocular morbidities in elderly eye camp patients.: Cross sectional observational study from July 2018 to June 2019, in eye camp patients aged 40-80 years attending Ophthalmology Department with a history of ocular diseases underwent routine eye examination.Data was entered in MS Excel 2016 and analysed using SPSS 17.0 by using descriptive statistics like frequency and percentage.: Of 2912 people, males were 1759 and females were 1153. Most common ocular morbidity was Cataract 1967 (67.54%) and Cataract associated with comorbidities were 391 (13.42%), followed by glaucoma 152 (5.2%), hypertensive 92 (3.1%) and diabetic 84 (2.8%) retinopathy, blepharitis 78 (2.6%), pterygium 69 (2.3%), Chronic dacrocystitis 41 (1.4%), refractive error 12 (0.4%), Age related macular degeneration ten (0.3%). Less common were phacotoxic uveitis eight (0.2%), corneal opacity five (0.1%) and Retinitis Pigmentosa three (0.1%).: Cataract, glaucoma were major ocular diseases seen in the study. Efforts aimed at reducing high prevalence of treatable or preventable morbidities such as cataract, glaucoma.

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Prevalence and characteristics of macular atrophy in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. A study from a long-term observational dataset: the Fight Retinal Blindness! project

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-315055 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 104 (8) ◽

pp. 1064-1069

Author(s):

Vincent Daien ◽

Vuong Nguyen ◽

Rohan W Essex ◽

Robin Guymer ◽

Jennifer J Arnold ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Vegf Inhibitors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Macular Atrophy ◽

Anti Vegf ◽

Age Related ◽

History Of

BackgroundTo assess the prevalence and characteristics associated with macular atrophy (MA) in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors.MethodsThis was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of nAMD eyes that commenced anti-VEGF between January 2006 and August 2016. MA (absent/extrafoveal/subfoveal) was graded by treating practitioners based on multimodal imaging from April 2016. The prevalence of MA over time and risk factors of MA were assessed.ResultsThe prevalence of MA in a cohort of 1689 eyes was 9.9% (22/222) in eyes within 1 year of starting treatment, 41.5% (71/171) after 5 years and 48.4% (30/62) after 9 years of treatment. Risk factors for subfoveal MA included the proportion of visits at which the lesion was graded as inactive ((adjusted OR (AOR) 3.72 for the highest vs lowest the quartile of frequency of inactive gradings (95% CI 2.33 to 6.07)), age (AOR 1.05 per year (95% CI 1.02 to 1.07)), baseline visual acuity (AOR 3.9 for ≤35 letters vs ≥70 letters (95% CI 2.4 to 6.4)) and the number of injections received (AOR 1.20 every 10 injections (95% CI 1.08 to 1.33)). Similar associations were observed with extrafoveal MA.ConclusionsThe risk of MA appeared to drop in eyes that had not developed it within 5 years. Low choroidal neovascularisation activity was by far the strongest predictor. We could not determine whether the increased prevalence of MA with time was due to anti-VEGF treatment or the natural history of the condition.

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The burden of ocular diseases in an underdeveloped village in Southwest Sumba, Eastern Indonesia, 2016

Medical Journal of Indonesia ◽

10.13181/mji.v26i4.1808 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 277-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ratna Sitompul ◽

Yeni D. Lestari ◽

Simon Siregar ◽

Asti Ayudianingrum ◽

Isfiyanto Isfiyanto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Initial Step ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Ocular Diseases ◽

Eye Care ◽

Public Health Action ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Eastern Indonesia ◽

Care Services ◽

Age Related

Background: Prevalence estimates of ocular diseases in a given district are important to plan the programs of eye care services. This study aimed to describe the burden of ocular diseases as an initial step in improving eye care services in underdeveloped areas in Indonesia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among residents of Perobatang Village in Southwest Sumba district in July 2016. Eye examinations were conducted by ophthalmologists, and visual acuity was measured by optometrists. Participants were provided with appropriate treatment according to diagnosis. Surgical services were offered two months after the examination.Results: After eximining a total of 667 of 1,459 (46%) residents, the result showed that the most frequent ocular problems were presbyopia (30.8%), cataract (12.8%), refractive error (11.3%), and pterygium (10.7%). The proportion of myopia was 5.9%, hyperopia was 5.0%, and astigmatism was 2.2%. Moreover, the proportion of blindness was 10%. Cataract caused blindness in 44 participants. Other causes of blindness included age-related macular degeneration, retinopathy, optic atrophy, glaucoma, retinal detachment and trauma.Conclusion: The burden of ocular problems in Perobatang Village, Southwest Sumba, Eastern Indonesia was high. These findings showed the importance of public health action from local government and non-governmental organizations to improve eye care services in Southwest Sumba district.

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Ocular Morbidity among Children Attending Government and Private Schools of Kathmandu Valley

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.21 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (184) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R K Shrestha ◽

MR Joshi ◽

R Ghising ◽

A Rizyal

Keyword(s):

Private Schools ◽

Kathmandu Valley ◽

School Students ◽

Government Schools ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Refractive Status ◽

Different Types ◽

Eye Examination ◽

Ocular Morbidity

Introduction: Children from the developing world are more prone to going blind from avoidable and preventable causes. In Nepal, children in private schools are reported to have a higher ocular morbidity than those in government schools, with myopia being the major cause of the morbidity. This study was designed to evaluate ocular morbidity in students from both types of school. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, comparative study among students from government and private schools of Kathmandu. Eye examination was carried out evaluating visual acuity, color vision, refractive status, binocular vision status, and anterior and posterior segment findings. Results: A total of 4,228 students from government and private schools were evaluated. The prevalence of ocular morbidity was 19.56 % with refractive error (11.9 %) being the major cause of the morbidity, followed by strabismus and infective disorders. No signifi cant difference in the prevalence of ocular morbidity and refractive status was found in the students from government and private schools. Conclusions: A signifi cant number of children of school-going age have ocular morbidity with no signifi cant difference in the prevalence in the students from government and private schools. Research exploring the effect of various risk factors in the progression of myopia would be helpful to investigate the refractive status in children from these different types of schools. Keywords: Myopia, ocular morbidity, school Students

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Prevalence and factors associated with age-related macular degeneration in a southwestern island population of Japan: the Kumejima Study

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309980 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 102 (8) ◽

pp. 1047-1053 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ryo Obata ◽

Yasuo Yanagi ◽

Tatsuya Inoue ◽

Miho Yasuda ◽

Yuji Oshima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Island Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Age Related ◽

History Of ◽

Low Prevalence

AimsTo evaluate the prevalence of and factors associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a rural population of southwestern Japan.MethodsThis population-based cross-sectional study of all residents aged 40 years or older was conducted on the island of Kumejima, Okinawa, Japan. Of 4632 eligible residents, 3762 completed a comprehensive questionnaire and underwent ocular examination (participant rate, 81.2%). A non-mydriatic fundus photograph was used to grade AMD lesions according to the Wisconsin protocol. Prevalence of AMD was calculated and factors associated with AMD were identified by logistic regression.ResultsOf 3068 subjects with gradable photographs, 469 had early AMD and 4 had late AMD. Age-adjusted prevalence was 13.4% for any AMD, 13.3% for early AMD and 0.09% for late AMD. In multivariate analysis, any AMD was positively associated with age (OR 1.04 per year, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.05), male sex (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.75) and history of cataract surgery (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.82) and was negatively associated with longer axial length (OR 0.85 per millimetre, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.96). Early AMD similarly showed significant associations with these same factors.ConclusionsPrevalence of early or late AMD in a southwestern island population of Japan was 13.4% or 0.09%. Our data suggest relatively high prevalence for early AMD and low prevalence for late AMD in this sample of rural Japanese population. Significant factors associated with any or early AMD were mostly similar to that of previous studies.

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Pattern of ocular morbidity in pediatrics age group in a tertiary centre in western Nepal

Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal ◽

10.3126/jgmcn.v12i2.27218 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 86-89

Author(s):

S Tuladhar ◽

J. Gurung ◽

B. Poudel ◽

N. Subedi

Keyword(s):

Age Group ◽

Ocular Diseases ◽

Development Education ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Tertiary Centre ◽

Minimum Number ◽

Eye Examination ◽

Ocular Morbidity ◽

Future Work

Introduction: Ocular morbidities are importantbecause of their impact on child’s development,education and future work. Ocular morbidities in children may not be diagnosed and treated in time due to inability to express their problems which leads to amblyopia by the time they can express it. This study was conducted with an objective to determine the pattern of ocular morbidity in children less than and equal to 14 years of age presenting in the Outpatient Department (OPD) of Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara. Materials/ Methods: This is a cross sectional observational study where we reviewed the profile of all of all patients of age group equal to or less than 14 years entering eye OPD from September 2016 to September 2018 for eye examination. Result: A total of 1471 patients presented to eye department of GMC. The mean age of the patient was 8.25 ±4.24 years among which 57.8% were males and 42.2% were females. Maximum number of the patients were in age group 11 to 14 years (38.1%) while minimum number of the patients were in the age group <1 year(10.6%).Conjunctival disorders (23.9%) was the most common ocular morbidity followed by refractive error in (18.2%), miscellaneous conditions (10.4%), eyelid diseases (8.6%), lacrimal system diseases (7.8%). Conclusion: Thestudy gives a picture and pattern of ocular diseases in pediatrics age group which not only helps in early diagnosis and treatment of ocular diseases but also in decreasing the magnitude of childhood blindness and amblyopia.

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Oxidative Stress, Ocular Disease and Diabetes Retinopathy

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666190115121531 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (40) ◽

pp. 4726-4741 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Orathai Tangvarasittichai ◽

Surapon Tangvarasittichai

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Cell Death ◽

Protein Modification ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Corneal Dystrophy ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Ocular Diseases ◽

Retinal Light Damage ◽

Age Related

Background: Oxidative stress is caused by free radicals or oxidant productions, including lipid peroxidation, protein modification, DNA damage and apoptosis or cell death and results in cellular degeneration and neurodegeneration from damage to macromolecules. Results: Accumulation of the DNA damage (8HOdG) products and the end products of LPO (including aldehyde, diene, triene conjugates and Schiff’s bases) were noted in the research studies. Significantly higher levels of these products in comparison with the controls were observed. Oxidative stress induced changes to ocular cells and tissues. Typical changes include ECM accumulation, cell dysfunction, cell death, advanced senescence, disarrangement or rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and released inflammatory cytokines. It is involved in ocular diseases, including keratoconus, Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, and granular corneal dystrophy type 2, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, primary open-angle glaucoma, retinal light damage, and retinopathy of prematurity. These ocular diseases are the cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Conclusions: Oxidative stress, inflammation and autophagy are implicated in biochemical and morphological changes in these ocular tissues. The development of therapy is a major target for the management care of these ocular diseases.

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Prevalence of MDR organism (MDRO) carriage in children and their household members in Siem Reap Province, Cambodia

JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

10.1093/jacamr/dlaa097 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Shweta R Singh ◽

Bunsoth Mao ◽

Konstantin Evdokimov ◽

Pisey Tan ◽

Phana Leab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Final Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

E Coli ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Siem Reap ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Significant Public Health ◽

History Of

Abstract Background The rising incidence of infections caused by MDR organisms (MDROs) poses a significant public health threat. However, little has been reported regarding community MDRO carriage in low- and middle-income countries. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in Siem Reap, Cambodia comparing hospital-associated households, in which an index child (age: 2–14 years) had been hospitalized for at least 48 h in the preceding 2–4 weeks, with matched community households on the same street, in which no other child had a recent history of hospitalization. Participants were interviewed using a survey questionnaire and tested for carriage of MRSA, ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) by culture followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing. We used logistic regression analysis to analyse associations between collected variables and MDRO carriage. Results Forty-two pairs of households including 376 participants with 376 nasal swabs and 290 stool specimens were included in final analysis. MRSA was isolated from 26 specimens (6.9%). ESBL-producing Escherichia coli was detected in 269 specimens (92.8%) whereas ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from 128 specimens (44.1%), of which 123 (42.4%) were co-colonized with ESBL-producing E. coli. Six (2.1%) specimens tested positive for CPE (4 E. coli and 2 K. pneumoniae). The prevalence ratios for MRSA, ESBL-producing E. coli and ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae carriage did not differ significantly in hospital-associated households and hospitalized children compared with their counterparts. Conclusions The high prevalence of ESBL-E across both household types suggests that MDRO reservoirs are common in the community. Ongoing genomic analyses will help to understand the epidemiology and course of MDRO spread.

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Patient Use of Dietary Supplements, Home Monitoring, or Genetic Testing for Nonneovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases ◽

10.1177/2474126421989228 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 247412642198922

Author(s):

Brittany C. Tsou ◽

T.Y. Alvin Liu ◽

Jun Kong ◽

Susan B. Bressler ◽

J. Fernando Arevalo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Testing ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Dietary Supplements ◽

Home Monitoring ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Supplement Use ◽

Age Related ◽

Disease Study

Purpose: This work evaluated the use and type of dietary supplements and home monitoring for nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), as well as the prevalence of genetic testing among patients with AMD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted of 129 participants older than 50 years who completed self-administered questionnaires regarding usage and type of dietary supplements and home monitoring, as well as the participants’ use of genetic testing for AMD. Results: Of 91 participants with AMD, 83 (91.2%) took vitamins, including 55 (60.4%) who used an Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) or AREDS2 formulation. Of 38 without AMD, 31 (81.6%) took vitamins (difference from participants with AMD = 9.6% [95% CI, 0%-23.2%]), including 2 on an AREDS formulation. Among 82 participants with AMD who were AREDS candidates (intermediate or advanced AMD in 1 or both eyes), 51 (62.2%; 95% CI, 51.7%-72.7%) took an AREDS or AREDS2 formulation, and 31 (37.8%) did not (5 were unsure). Additionally, 50 (61.0%; 95% CI, 50.4%-71.6%) AREDS candidates did some type of home monitoring. Only 1 (1.2%; 95% CI, 0%-3.6%) underwent genetic testing for AMD. Among 9 with AMD who were not AREDS candidates, 4 (44.4%) used an AREDS formulation, 4 (44.4%) did not, and 1 (11.1%) was unsure; only 1 (11.1%) of these 9 performed home monitoring. Conclusions: Despite similar results from past surveys and AREDS2 data supporting supplement use in 2013 and home monitoring in 2014, these findings suggest about one-third of AREDS candidates do not do so, providing further support for improving education regarding appropriate supplement and home monitoring usage. Genetic testing for AMD also appears infrequent.

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Association of Human Plasma Metabolomics with Delayed Dark Adaptation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11030183 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 183

Author(s):

Kevin M Mendez ◽

Janice Kim ◽

Inês Laíns ◽

Archana Nigalye ◽

Raviv Katz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Dark Adaptation ◽

Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Related ◽

Vitreoretinal Disease

The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between plasma metabolite levels and dark adaptation (DA) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This was a cross-sectional study including patients with AMD (early, intermediate, and late) and control subjects older than 50 years without any vitreoretinal disease. Fasting blood samples were collected and used for metabolomic profiling with ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Patients were also tested with the AdaptDx (MacuLogix, Middletown, PA, USA) DA extended protocol (20 min). Two measures of dark adaptation were calculated and used: rod-intercept time (RIT) and area under the dark adaptation curve (AUDAC). Associations between dark adaption and metabolite levels were tested using multilevel mixed-effects linear modelling, adjusting for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking, race, AMD stage, and Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) formulation supplementation. We included a total of 71 subjects: 53 with AMD (13 early AMD, 31 intermediate AMD, and 9 late AMD) and 18 controls. Our results revealed that fatty acid-related lipids and amino acids related to glutamate and leucine, isoleucine and valine metabolism were associated with RIT (p < 0.01). Similar results were found when AUDAC was used as the outcome. Fatty acid-related lipids and amino acids are associated with DA, thus suggesting that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction likely play a role in AMD and visual impairment in this condition.

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Incidence of elevated intraocular pressure after intravitreal injection in Japanese patients with age-related macular degeneration

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91832-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maiko Maruyama-Inoue ◽

Tatsuya Inoue ◽

Shaheeda Mohamed ◽

Yoko Kitajima ◽

Shoko Ikeda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Intravitreal Injection ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Japanese Patients ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Age Related ◽

Elevated Intraocular Pressure ◽

History Of

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to report the incidence of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) after intravitreal injection (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in Japanese patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). A retrospective study of chart review of patients who underwent ≥ 10 intravitreal anti-VEGF injections between April 2009 and December 2019 was conducted. Elevated IOP was defined as IOP ≥ 25 mmHg at one visit. Cases with elevated IOP resulting from IVI were identified. Furthermore, the association between elevated IOP and some parameters, as the risk factors that influence elevated IOP, was investigated. A total of 402 eyes of 370 patients were included in this study. Twenty-eight eyes of 26 patients (7.0%) were identified as cases with elevated IOP after IVI. The mean time of elevation after baseline was 50.6 ± 26.5 months. History of glaucoma (p = 0.021; odds ratio, 5.85), treatment modality (p = 0.019; odds ratio, 6.32), and total number of injections (p = 0.003; odds ratio, 1.03) were significantly associated with elevated IOP. A late complication of elevated IOP is associated with IVI in patients with AMD. Particularly, history of glaucoma and treat and extend regimen with frequent injections were found to be risk factors of elevated IOP.

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