Genetic studies on seed coat permeability and viability in RILs derived from an inter-specific cross of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]

Soybean seeds loss viability very rapidly during ambient storage in the tropical and sub-tropical environments. In this study, interrelationship between seed coat permeability and viability over periods of ambient storage was assessed using a set of 217 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) developed from an inter-specific cross between wild type (Glycine soja) accession DC2008-1 and cultivated (G. max) variety DS9712. G. soja seeds were tiny, black, impermeable and highly viable while G. max seeds were large, yellow, permeable and poorly viable during ambient storage. Seed coat permeability and viability of the fresh, one-year and two-year-stored seeds (stored in room temperature, av. 25±2°C and 65±5% RH) were tested as per standard protocols in completely randomized design with two replications. Significant variation was found among genotypes for the seed viability, permeability, periods of storage and their interactions. Permeability of the seed coat increased with the period of storage. In the fresh, one-year and two-yearstored seeds, the seed coat permeability was 62.87, 75.17 and 90.52%, respectively. Viability of the seeds was negatively correlated with period of storage and seed size. In the fresh, one-year and two-year-stored seeds, average viability was 90.7, 75.6 and 54.1%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated presence of intact hilum, strong hourglass cells and non-cracked seed coat in the highly viable seeds. A set of 24 RILs were found that maintained higher viability (>80%) with varying degree of permeability after two years of storage. Among the highly viable RILs, more were black seeded. RIL Nos. 7-12-3, 7-24- 1, 13-2-2, 13-31-4 found to maintain both viability and permeability in higher order during storage and would pave the way for development of soybean genotypes with high viability and permeability.

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Loss of seed viability in onion (Allium cepa L.) in relation to degradation of lipids during storage

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v12i4.2431 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 635-640

Author(s):

Vishwanath Rohidas Yalamalle ◽

Nilesh Nivrutt Gaikwad ◽

Dinesh Manohar Ithape ◽

Ashok Kumar ◽

Kalyani Gorrepati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allium Cepa ◽

Oil Content ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Membrane Integrity ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Ambient Storage ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Allium Cepa L ◽

One Year

Onion seeds have one of the lowest longevity among the cultivated crops as it loses viability within a year. The unmarketable seeds have no reported food value or feed value. Onion seeds contain considerable oil content which has potential industrial utility. The present study reports the changes in the quality of seed oil extracted from seeds stored for one year (2019-2020), after which the seeds were unmarketable due to low germination. The physico-chemical properties of seed oil were studied in four onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties (Bhima Safed, Bhima Super, Bhima Dark Red and Bhima Shakti) by standard analytical test. The per cent oil content varied from 12.94% - 16.02% and storage resulted in 0.64% loss in seed oil content. The mean seed germination in freshly harvested seeds was 80.50%, which declined to 52.33% after one year of ambient storage. The electrical conductivity, which measures the membrane integrity increased by 108.60% in one-year-old seeds. The physico-chemical properties of the seed oil deteriorated with the age of the seed. In comparison to the control, the acid values and peroxide values of the seed oil increased by 51.11% and 12.90% respectively, while saponification value decreased by 36.18%. Among the varieties, Bhima Dark Red had the highest degradation in the seed storability and vigour, which also had the highest deterioration in the lipid quality. The present study reports for the first time the degradation of seed lipids during ageing in onion which might be contributing to the poor storability of onion seeds.

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Survival of endophyte-infected ryegrass seed buried in soil

NZGA: Research and Practice Series ◽

10.33584/rps.7.1999.3391 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 151-156

Author(s):

D.E. Hume ◽

M.P. Rolston ◽

D.B. Baird ◽

W.J. Archie ◽

M.R. Marsh

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Fungal Endophyte ◽

Grass Species ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Neotyphodium Lolii ◽

Viable Seeds ◽

One Year

Emergence of volunteer perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) from seed buried in soil may contribute to the ingress of ryegrass in newly sown pastures. To investigate this, ryegrass seed infected with fungal endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) was buried in nylon bags under pasture at two depths and at two sites (Palmerston North, Lincoln) in early/mid-autumn 1998. Seed bags were removed from the soil at intervals over the course of one year to determine seed viability and presence of endophyte in seedlings. Viability of seed declined rapidly to be 10% 3 months after burial. Further decline in viability was less, so that 12 months after burial 4% of seeds were still viable. Endophyte viability also declined, from 58% infection of seedlings at the time of burial to 21% at 12 months. This was at a slower rate than the decline in seed viability and from what might have been predicted from seed storage experiments. Viability of seed buried at 10 cm was greater than that buried at 3 cm (e.g., means, 10% and 1% after 6 months, respectively). This has implications for cultivation practices before pasture establishment. Seed buried at Lincoln maintained higher viability than seed buried at Palmerston North (e.g., means, 6% and 4% after 6 months, respectively), which was associated with drier soil conditions at Lincoln. Survival of buried seed may therefore be of greater importance in summer-dry east coast regions, compared with moist west coast environments or in wet years. The significance of buried ryegrass seed will depend on the numbers involved, but after 12 months there were still viable seeds left in the soil and some of these were infected with endophyte. This is important for pastures sown with ryegrass that is free of endophyte or infected with a selected endophyte, and for slower establishing grass species such as tall fescue. Keywords: endophyte, endophyte survival, Lolium perenne, Neotyphodium lolii, perennial ryegrass, seed burial, seed survival

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Enhancing the Viability of Rosella Seeds (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) through Tetrazolium and Paper Media Test

AgroTech Journal ◽

10.31327/atj.v4i1.911 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 23-30

Author(s):

Taufiq Hidayat RS ◽

Mayasari Yamin

Keyword(s):

Seed Viability ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Tetrazolium Salt ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽

Germination Capacity ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Vigor Index ◽

Normal Seedling ◽

Best Parameter ◽

Viable Seeds

This study was aimed to determine the viability rate of rosella seed, to obtain the best result of seed testing for enhancing rosella seed viability, to find the best seed invigoration method for enhancing rosella seed viability, to obtain staining pattern through tetrazolium test of rosella seed, and to determine viability and vigor of rosella seed to be further used as estimation indicator for rosella plant growth in the field. The study was conducted in the Seed Laboratory, Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute (ISFCRI), Malang, East Java during July - August 2018. The material used included accessions of rosella seed (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) ACC. 1148 from the year 2015 and collection of ISFCRI, 100 ml of Tetrazolium solution (40 ml KH2PO4, 60 ml Na2HPO4 and 1 gr of Tetrazolium powder). This research applied Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisted of seed treatments of control (no immersion/0 hour), immersion for 5 hours, immersion for 10 hours, and scarification, each with 4 replications. Result of this study showed that the use of tetrazolium salt was found to be better in enhancing the viability of rosella seeds. Viable seeds was found to have bright red embryonic axis and bright red cotyledon. Testing using paper media on several seed invigoration treatments resulted in significantly different effect on parameters of vigor index, germination capacity, and dry weight of normal seedling. The best parameter of germination capacity and dry weight of normal seedling was obtained by treatment immersed in water at temperature of 27°C for 10 hours

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Longevidad y germinación de semillas de Syagrus romanzoffiana (Arecaceae) y sus implicaciones ecológicas

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v63i2.15614 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 333 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Túlio Gabriel Soares Oliveira ◽

Anderson Cleiton José ◽

Leonardo Monteiro Ribeiro ◽

José Marcio Rocha Faria

Keyword(s):

Seed Bank ◽

Soil Seed Bank ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Forest Fragment ◽

Seedling Mortality ◽

Viable Seeds ◽

One Year ◽

Syagrus Romanzoffiana

Syagrus romanzoffiana is a palm tree native and widely distributed of South America. The present study investigated the longevity and germination of the buried seeds of this species in an experimental seed bank. Laboratory germination and viability tests were performed for comparison with field results. Pyrenes (seeds enclosed by the endocarp) were buried in a forest fragment edge in July (dry season) in July 2012 and exhumed monthly during one year, for the assessment of water content and percentage of germinated and viable seeds. Germination tests were conducted in a Mangelsdorf-type germinator at 30°C under constant light and the viability was assessed by the tetrazolium test. An additional sample of pyrenes was buried to evaluate the percentage of seedling emergence and survival. Climatic and soil moisture data were recorded. In the laboratory, the pyrenes were stored for one year in a temperature-controlled room at 20ºC and 75% (±10%) relative air humidity to assess changes in the percentage of germination and viability over time. In the field, a reduction in seed viability was observed over the study period, with a total loss of viability of non-germinated seeds at seven months after burial. The maximum germination (close to 26%) was observed in the samples that were exhumed between five and seven months after burial. In the field, seedling emergence did not exceed 10% and seedling mortality was not observed. The percentages of germination and of viable seeds decreased both in burial and stored seeds. The stored seeds maintained viability at up to six months, with marked reduction thereafter. After the germination tests (four months) in the laboratory, all of the remaining seeds were nonviable. The ecological, physiological and reproductive characteristics of the species are discussed, and we concluded that S. romanzoffiana seeds have short longevity after imbibition, and low potential for soil seed bank formation.

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Ragam Karakter Morfologi Kulit Biji Beberapa Genotipe Plasma Nutfah Kedelai

Buletin Plasma Nutfah ◽

10.21082/blpn.v14n1.2008.p14-18 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Ayda Krisnawati ◽

M. M. Adie

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Soybean Germplasm ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Soybean Genotypes ◽

Soybean Seed Coat ◽

Coat Layer

Identification of morphological characters of soybean seed coat can be beneficial for industrial purposes and also important to enhance the seed quality genetically. The aims of the experiment were to identify the seed coat morphology of several soybean germplasm and to group them based on their seed coat morphological character. A total of 25 Balitkabi’s soybean germplasm were identified in Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Balitkabi and Laboratory of Biology, Malang University, from June until August 2005. The completely randomized design was used with three replications. Parameter measured include the thickness of seed coat layer and rate of imbibition. Cluster analysis was used to determine the index similarity of 25 soybean germplasms based on seed coat characters included epidermis, hypodermis, and parenchyma. The results shows that epidermis, hypodermis and parenchyma layer have mean of 0.051 mm, 0.160 mm, and 0.152 m, respectively. Imbibition’s rate ranged from 0.29-0.54% per hour. Cluster analysis was successfully clustering soybean genotypes into five groups, i.e. group with thin hypodermis layer, thin parenchyma, thick parenchyma, thick epidermis and hypodermis, and thinner parenchyma. AbstrakIdentifikasi karakter morfologi kulit biji kedelai tidak hanya bermanfaat untuk industri, namun juga penting untuk peningkatan mutu benih secara genetik. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi morfologi kulit biji beberapa genotipe plasma nutfah kedelai dan mengelompokkan berdasarkan karakter morfologi kulit biji. Bahan penelitian adalah 25 genotipe plasma nutfah kedelai yang dikoleksi oleh Balitkabi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pemuliaan Balitkabi dan Laboratorium Biologi FMIPA Universitas Negeri Malang, pada bulan Juni-Agustus 2005. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap, dengan tiga ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap ketebalan lapisan epidermis, hipodermis, parenkim, dan laju imbibisi. Sidik gerombol digunakan untuk menilai derajat kemiripan 25 genotipe kedelai berdasarkan karakter kulit biji (epidermis, hipodermis, dan parenkim). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lapisan epidermis, hipodermis, dan parenkim 25 genotipe kedelai masing-masing mempunyai ketebalan ratarata 0,051 mm, 0,160 mm, dan 0,152 mm. Kecepatan imbibisi berkisar antara 0,29-0,54%/jam. Sidik gerombol berhasil mengelompokkan 25 genotipe kedelai menjadi lima kelompok, yaitu kelompok genotipe yang memiliki lapisan hipodermis tipis, lapisan parenkim tipis, lapisan parenkim tebal, lapisan epidermis, hipodermis tebal, dan genotipe dengan lapisan parenkim yang lebih tipis.

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Seed longevity studies in wild type, cultivated and inter-specific recombination inbred lines (RILs) of soybean

10.21203/rs.3.rs-216517/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Subhash Chandra ◽

Akshay Talukdar ◽

Yashpal Taak ◽

Raju R. Yadav ◽

Manisha Saini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycine Soja ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Principal Component ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Mean Value ◽

Seed Longevity ◽

Wild Type ◽

Soybean Genotype ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Ambient Storage

Abstract Loss of seed viability is a serious hurdle in higher production and ambient seed storage of soybean. Understanding the factors affecting seed viability and identification of soybean genotype(s) with higher viability is critical for higher soybean production. In this study, seeds of 125 soybean genotypes of three different species (Glycine tomentella, Glycine soja and Glycine max) and 25 RILs (Glycine soja × Glycine soja) were tested for germination immediately after harvest followed by one, two and three years of ambient storage. Fresh seeds of all the genotypes recorded 78-99% germination with a mean of 94.02%. However, the mean value of per cent germination of all the genotypes after one, two and three years of ambient storage decreased and found to stand at 79.51%, 52.24% and 29.18%, respectively. Among the genotypes tested, G. tomentella accession registered highest seed storability followed by G. soja, RILs and G. max. After three years of storage, 14 wild type genotypes and 3 RILs maintained >70% germination and identified as ‘good storers’. Genetic divergence studies via k-mean clustering and principal component analysis grouped all genotypes in three cluster/component based on seed size, seed coat permeability and seed viability. Seed viability was significantly and negatively correlated with electrical conductivity. Good storers found to be having slow imbibition rate than poor storers in initial hours of imbibition. The good storing genotypes identified in this study will serve as an elite soybean genetic resource in developing the soybean cultivars with better seed longevity.

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Identification of QTLs for seed viability in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merill]

Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) ◽

10.31742/ijgpb.79.4.9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Ashish Kumar ◽

Akshay Talukdar ◽

Raju R. Yadav ◽

Shatakshi Poonia ◽

Rumesh Ranjan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Polymorphism ◽

Significant Variation ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Ambient Storage ◽

Ril Population ◽

Genetic Mechanisms ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

One Year ◽

Very High

Soybean seed loses viability rapidly during ambient storage in tropical and sub-tropical climate. Understanding genetic mechanisms would enable enhancing storage life of seeds through breeding approach. In this study, attempt was made to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling viability of seeds using an inter-specific recombinant inbred line (RIL) population and SSR markers. Significant variation was observed among the RILs for seed viability after one and two years of ambient storage. RILs with more than 90% seed viability after two years of storage were identified. Genetic polymorphism among the RILs was very high (52.9%). Two QTLs viz., qSv2.1 and qSv14.1 were mapped on Chromosomes, 2 and 14 after one year of storage that explained 10.65% and 5.35% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Two more QTLs viz., qSv2-1 and qSv14-1 were mapped for seed viability after two years of storage of which qSv2.1 (PVE=6.0%) was consistent and the qSv14.1 (PVE=8%) was novel. QTL and linked markers identified in the study would be useful in soybean breeding for enhancing seed viability during ambient storage.

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Use of Tropical Environments in Breeding for Oil Composition of Soybean Genotypes Adapted to Temperate Climates 1

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1983.0011183x002300050020x ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 897-899 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. E. Hawkins ◽

W. R. Fehr ◽

E. G. Hammond ◽

S. Rodriguez de Cianzio

Keyword(s):

Oil Composition ◽

Tropical Environments ◽

Soybean Genotypes ◽

Temperate Climates

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Pasture establishment on non-cultivable hill country

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.2013.75.2897 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 215-220

Author(s):

K.N. Tozer ◽

G.B. Douglas ◽

C.A. Cameron ◽

T.J. Fraser ◽

R.A. Moss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Red Clover ◽

Subterranean Clover ◽

Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽

Wet Season ◽

Sowing Time ◽

Hill Country ◽

Viable Seeds ◽

One Year ◽

North And South

To determine the best method of pasture establishment on non-cultivable hill country (>20o slope), four treatments were compared in one year on north and south aspects at four sites with contrasting climates and soil types. Sites were located in Waikato (1), Hawke's Bay (2) and Canterbury (1). The treatments included seed mix (grasses, legumes and herbs (GLH); legumes only (LEG)) and sowing time (spring; autumn). Six weeks after sowing, seedling establishment, as a percentage of viable seeds sown, was: i) greater on south than north aspects for perennial ryegrass (31% vs 18%) and birdsfoot trefoil (5% vs 4%); ii) greater for total sown species (14% vs 8%), subterranean clover (7% vs 4%) and red clover (25% vs 14%) in the GLH than LEG mix, but greater for white clover in the LEG than GLH mix (17% vs 8%); iii) greater in autumn than spring for perennial ryegrass (36% vs 13%) and total sown grasses (22% vs 9%) but greater in spring than autumn for lotus (6% vs 3%). Plantain established well in spring in summer-wet environments, while in summer-dry environments establishment was greater in autumn. Broadcasting seed on south aspects during autumn is likely to result in the highest establishment of sown grasses and legumes, but not necessarily of herbs. The trials were conducted in an unusually wet season. Repeating a subset of the treatments at these sites will provide a greater understanding of responses to climatic variation. Keywords: pasture renewal; pasture establishment; pasture mixtures; oversowing.

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Nutrients exportation by Tifdwarf bermudagrass from golf course greens

Ornamental Horticulture ◽

10.1590/2447-536x.v26i3.2229 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 422-431 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Caroline de Moura D’Andréa Mateus ◽

Regina Maria Monteiro de Castilho ◽

Patrick Luan Ferreira dos Santos ◽

Flávia Diniz Mota ◽

Leandro José Grava de Godoy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Golf Course ◽

Golf Courses ◽

Fertilization Program ◽

Paulo State ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Management Techniques ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

One Year

Abstract One of the management techniques used in greens (final areas of the holes) of golf course is the fertilizer. To correct fertilization program of these areas should know the consumption of nutrients throughout the plant cycle. The objective was to determine the export of nutrients by clipping of Tifdwarf bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. x Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davey) used in golf courses greens in the four weather seasons, as information to improve nutritional management. The research project was conducted in two golf courses in Sao Paulo State. Four greens were studied in each field, for a period of one year, using a 4x2 factorial (weather seasons x golf courses) in a completely randomized design. The production of dry matter and nutrient concentration were evaluated, and the absorption and exportation of nutrients by leaf clippings was subsequently calculated. The amount of nutrients exported by turfgrass clippings was different between the two golf courses. The summer was the season of greatest accumulation and export of nutrients in FG, except for Fe. Autumn was the season of greatest accumulation and export of nutrients in FCA, except for Mn and Zn. Considering the amount of nutrients exported by the greens clippings of the Tifdwarf bermudagrass from the two golf courses studied, the macronutrients were exported in the following order: N>K>Ca>P>S>Mg (21.8, 4.3, 2.0, 1.9, 1.8, 0.7 g m-2) and the micronutrients were exported in the following order: Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>B (257.8, 27.4, 23.6, 7.8, 6.0 mg m-2).

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