scholarly journals Coping with neo-nomadic mobility: Frontex’s agent power in the EU’s extended borderland

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-63
Author(s):  
Artur Gruszczak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Return Policy ◽  
Joint Operations ◽  
Migratory Movements ◽  
Desk Research

Migration movements to Europe, triggered by dramatic political and social developments in North Africa and the Middle East, have contributed to a decrease in the level of security in the European Union and to the crisis of this organization. This article addresses the issue of migration in the context of the phenomenon of neo-nomadism and its effects on the policies of the member states of the European Union, as well as its institutions and agencies. The consequences of neo-nomadism are analyzed in regard to ​​the EU’s "extended borderland" on the example of the activities of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) in the Central Mediterranean. Frontex’s joint operations "Triton" and "Themis" serve as a useful frame of reference in examining this agency’s "agent power" expressed in activities concerning migratory movements in the EU's "extended borderland". The hypothesis developed in this article holds that the dynamics of mobility resulting from the specific features of neo-nomadism activates the "agent power" of entities involved in mobility and border management in two forms: inclusionary, for humanitarian reasons, and exclusionary, for the sake of security. As an agency responsible for supporting the management of the EU's external borders and implementing return policy, Frontex has concentrated its agent power on securing territory, borders and population at the expense of humanitarian search-and-rescue operations. Joint operations "Triton" and "Themis" have clearly highlighted the trend towards an exclusionary approach to migrants. Post-functionalism referring to the original conceptualisation put forward by Hooghe and Marx is the theoretical frame adopted in the present study. The research method is qualitative, based on desk research includng the analysis and interpretation of primary and secondary sources.

scholarly journals Navigating the Central Mediterranean in a Time of ‘Crisis’: Disentangling Migration Governance and Migrant Journeys

Sociology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon McMahon ◽  
Nando Sigona
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Member States ◽  
And Control ◽  
Research And Policy

From 2014 to the end of 2016, over 450,000 people crossed from North Africa towards Italy via the Central Mediterranean route. The number of people recorded as dead or missing in the same stretch of water steadily increased too. Crisis-talk in the region led to renewed efforts by the European Union and its Member States to govern and control migration to and across the Central Mediterranean. Against this backdrop, this article draws upon over 200 interviews with newly arrived boat migrants and 55 stakeholders in Italy to reveal a fundamental disjuncture between the drivers and dynamics of migration and the assumptions underpinning policy development, the saliency of which becomes apparent at three crucial junctions: along migration land routes; at sea; and upon arrival in Europe. In doing so, the article questions current ways of understanding journeys in research and policy, and highlights their consequences for the governance of migration.

scholarly journals THE SYRIAN IMPASS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SECURITY IN THE REGION – THE PROBLEMS OF REFUGEES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
<i>Suhel MOUSSA</i> ◽  
<i>Małgorzata PACER</i>
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Desk Research

<i>Migracja i uchodźstwo nie są nowymi zjawiskami we współczesnym świecie. Jednak ich skala, a także dynamika wzrosły na przestrzeni ostatnich lat. Kryzys migracyjny przybrał na sile w roku 2015 i stał się przedmiotem większego zainteresowania badaczy z różnych dyscyplin naukowych. Od tego czasu media nieustannie informują o fali „uchodźców” przybywających do brzegów Europy, a w szczególności do Włoch czy przedostających się z Turcji do Grecji i zmierzających w głąb Europy. Ukazują przymusową wędrówkę ludności w poszukiwaniu schronienia przed wojnami czy prześladowaniami na różnym tle. Do tego dochodzą nieporozumienia związane z przyjęciem uchodźców na teren krajów Unii Europejskiej oraz konflikty w krajach sąsiednich wywołane napływem ludności syryjskiej. Celem artykułu jest ocena wpływu sytuacji w Syrii na bezpieczeństwo regionu Bliskiego Wschodu i Europy. W artykule została zastosowana metoda analiza danych zastanych (desk research). Analizie poddane zostały publikacje ekspertów oraz strony internetowe, zarówno w języku arabskim, jak i polskim.</i>

scholarly journals Teoretyczne założenia crowdfundingu oraz jego regulacje prawne w Unii Europejskiej i w Polsce

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Michał Biela
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Third ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Desk Research

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prezentacja założeń teoretycznych oraz praktycznej implementacji koncepcji alternatywnych źródeł finansowania społecznościowego w Polsce i Unii Europejskiej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem aspektów formalno-prawnych crowdfundingu. Artykuł składa się z trzech części: w pierwszej opisano założenia definicyjne i koncepcyjne crowdfundingu, w drugiej przedstawiono propozycję zmiany ram regulacyjnych finansowania społecznościowego, przygotowanych przez instytucje Unii Europejskiej, natomiast trzecia zawiera uregulowania prawne finansowania społecznościowego w Polsce. W artykule jako metodę badawczą zastosowano desk research, której implementacja umożliwiła analizę istniejącej literatury przedmiotu. Theoretical assumptions of crowdfunding and its legal regulations in the European Union and in PolandThe aim of this article is to present the theoretical assumptions and practical implementation of the concept of alternative sources of funding in Poland and in the European Union, with emphasis on the formal and legal aspects of crowdfunding. The article consists of three parts. The first part describes the definition and conceptual assumptions of crowdfunding. The second part presents a proposal to change the crowdfunding regulatory framework at the European Union level. The third part includes legal regulations for crowdfunding in Poland. In the article, desk research was used as a research method, the implementation of which enabled the analysis of the existing literature on the subject.

scholarly journals Frontex activities on the Western Balkan route during the migrant crisis (2015-…)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Patryk Bukowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Third ◽  
Current Activity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Normative Perspective

According to the title, the subject of this article is the activity of Frontex (European Border and Coast Guard Agency) on the Western Balkan route during the migrant crisis, the escalation of which took place in mid-2015. The main part of the text has been divided into four parts. In the first part of the article, the author briefly described the genesis of Frontex and its current activity in the normative perspective. In the second part, the author characterised the determinants of the migrant crisis, focusing on the challenges for the European Union which the crisis generated. In the third part, the author described the course of the Western Balkan route and analysed statistical data on the population migrating that route. In the fourth and last part, the author analysed Frontex’s activity on the Western Balkan route, describing the determinants of the actions taken.

Security Breakdown and Regional Disintegration

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-152
Author(s):  
Luis Martinez
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Development ◽  
North Africa ◽  
The State ◽  
Security Policies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Stem Migration

Chapter Eight entitled “Security Breakdown and Regional Disintegration” analyses this security disaster and the region’s disintegration. The collapse of the state in Libya as well as the development of jihadi groups in North Africa and in the Sahel is eroding the state in North Africa. These countries are being pressured by the European Union to retake control of their borders and stem migration flows. Security policies are draining part of these states’ meagre resources to the detriment of economic and social development.

Bat Ye’or and Eurabia

2019 ◽  
pp. 170-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindre Bangstad
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Far Right ◽  
The Us ◽  
Muslim Majority

This chapter discusses the life and work of Bat Ye’or (Gisèle Littman), who is widely seen as the doyenne of “Eurabia”-literature. This comes in different varieties and formulations, but in Bat Ye’or’s rendering refers to an ongoing secretive conspiracy which involves both the European Union and Muslim-majority countries in North Africa and the Middle East, aimed at establishing Muslim control over a future Europe or “Eurabia.” Though Bat Ye’or did not coin the term “Eurabia,” she can be credited with having popularized the concept through quasi-academic titles such as Eurabia: The Euro-Arab Axis and Europe, Globalization and the Coming Universal Caliphate. Through its dissemination on various “counter-jihadist” websites and in the work of the Norwegian counter-jihadist blogger Fjordman, her work inspired the Norwegian terrorist Anders Behring Breivik. She also has long-standing relations with Serbian ultranationalists, the Israeli Far Right, and various radical Right activists in Western Europe and the US.

Przyszłość Unii Europejskiej po Brexicie. Rosyjski punkt widzenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 201-213
Author(s):  
Valentina Prudskaya
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Desk Research ◽  
The Eu

In recent years, it is difficult not to notice the growing number of serious crises experienced by the European Union. It is clear that the old methods of overcoming crises in today’s reality do not work anymore. The United Kingdom European Union membership referendum in June 2016 (the so-called Brexit) can undoubtedly be called a special turning point in the existence and functioning of the EU. The aim of the article is to present, analyse and compare opinions and assessments created in the expert and academic environment in Russia on the future of the European Union after the referendum in Great Britain. Another goal is to find an answer to the question of what future of relations between the EU and Russia is expected by Russian researchers and experts. In the article the following research methods were used: desk research, critical analysis, comparative method and analysis of media discourse.

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