scholarly journals A new type of EU visa? The legal nature of a travel permit issued under the European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS)

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-27
Author(s):  
Maciej Zbigniew Cesarz
Keyword(s):  
Travel Information ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
New Type

Głównym celem systemu ETIAS jest selekcja i monitorowanie osób przekraczających granicę zewnętrzną Unii Europejskiej poprzez wydawanie zezwoleń na wjazd. Autorzy tego nowego, zakrojonego na szeroką skalę projektu wyraźnie podkreślają, że zezwolenie ETIAS nie jest wizą, niemniej ten kolejny elektroniczny system autoryzacji wjazdu usprawni zarządzanie mobilnością obywateli 62 państw trzecich, a więc populacją 1,4 mld osób uprawnionych do bezwizowego przekraczania zewnętrznych granic UE. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi porównanie wiz Schengen oraz zezwoleń na podróż, które mają zostać wprowadzone na mocy rozporządzenia ETIAS w 2022 r. Analiza porównawcza zawiera szereg argumentów przemawiających za tezą, że zezwolenia wydawane w ramach nowego reżimu ETIAS wpisują się w szeroką definicję prawną wiz rozumianych jako upoważnienie do wjazdu na terytorium UE.

scholarly journals Administrative regulations as a type of public administration acts

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-790
Author(s):  
Yuriy G. Arzamasov ◽  
Varvara A. Nazaykinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
New Type

The article examines a relatively new type of public administration acts for the Russian legal system - administrative regulations. Despite the widespread use of this type of act, its legal nature, features of the legal structure, and classification remain insufficiently studied, which determines the relevance of this study. The purpose of the study is to identify the specific characteristics of administrative regulations, allowing to classify them as a special tool for realisation of various public administration forms. Achieving this goal suggests analysis of regulatory legal acts, both Russian and foreign, as well as certain approaches to legal doctrine to determine the essence of administrative regulations, various public administration forms, and acts of public administration. Based on the analysis of theoretical and empirical data, the authors offer their definitions of acts of public administration, administrative regulations, and tools for realisation of public administration forms. In the process of research, the authors used a formal legal method that allows characterising the legal nature of administrative regulations, their role, and place in the system of acts of public administration, a comparative legal method to identify the general and the special when comparing domestic and foreign experience and general logical methods (analysis, synthesis, analogy).

scholarly journals STUDYING OF LONG-TERM RESULTS OF PREVENTION HELP TO PATIENTS OF WORKING AGE WITH PARTICIPATION OF ТНЕ NURSING STAFF

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-145
Author(s):  
G. S Korolkova ◽  
Galiya I. Tikhomirova ◽  
Yu. I Zakharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Nursing Process ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Working Age ◽  
New Type

The RF currently work a nurse can be considered as a new type of professional activity of medical, psychological, pedagogical and socio-legal nature, the purpose of which is to the preservation, enhancement and restoration of the health of patients. Purpose - the study received remote results of preventive nursing activities among working-age patients with arterial hypertension. Material and methods. Studied the results of observation and questioning students hypertensive patients aged 35-65 years in school prevention patients with arterial hypertension. The results. Researched group of patients with arterial hypertension (AH), among which were training classes on prophylaxis of recurrence and complications of AH on healthy lifestyle programme using the nursing process and without it and shows the efficiency of these activities. Conclusion. The use of educational technology training “Nursing process” showed their effective influence on enhancing treatment and prevention of the occurrence of relapses and complications in patients with AH.

scholarly journals The Constitutional Problems of the All-Russian Vote

Legal Concept ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Svetlana Slobodchikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
New Type ◽  
Legal Space ◽  
Legislative Support

Introduction: the compositional transformation of the domestic legal space requires the creation of clear forms for new constitutional and legal phenomena. The comparison of the all-Russian vote with the existing institutions of direct democracy contributes to its isolation into an independent institution of democracy, in this connection, the author sets the goal of a comparative study of the legal nature of the all-Russian vote as a novel of 2020. Methods: the methodological framework for the study is a set of methods of scientific knowledge, among which the main ones are the comparative legal and formal legal methods. Results: the author’s position grounded in the work is based on the legislation, judicial and law enforcement practice, scientific works in the field of institutions of democracy. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the distinctive parameters of the all-Russian voting, its special legal nature are revealed, and the question of the further legal fate of the new type of voting is raised. Conclusions: as a result of the conducted research, the all-Russian voting is separated from the institutions of direct democracy. The criteria of such separation include: the legal nature; the source of the legal regulation; the essence of a ballot question; the initiator; the procedure; the recognition of the vote as valid. Based on the specified criteria, the all-Russian vote is defined as an independent institution of democracy. It is established that its further existence depends on the constitutionally verified legislative support and the scope of the constitutional reform.

On the issue of the procedural interest of a person with whom a pre-trial cooperation agreement is made

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Denis Stacyuk
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Plea Bargaining ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Cooperation Agreement ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
New Type ◽  
Substantive Law

The article examines the procedural interest as a legal category inherent in the subjects of material and legal relations due to the emergence of criminal-law relations, which, as a carrier of material and legal interests, are aimed at achieving the desired result. The author suggests that the implementation of the legal institution of a plea bargaining forms new substantive relations, entailing the transformation of the substantive law, the procedural interest of the person conclude plea bargaining which forms the basis of the person’s procedural situation. At the same time, the proper legal regulation of a person with whom a plea bargaining was concluded based on the legal nature and purpose of the institution of a plea bargaining is due to ensuring the implementation of the interests of the partners. However, the existing contradiction in the legal regulation of a person with whom a plea bargaining is concluded is not fully ensure the realization of the interests of his accomplices. The subject of the study is the influence of legal relations arising within the framework of a plea bargaining on the procedural position of the person with whom it is concluded the suspect (accused) and his accomplice. The aim of the study is to provide a scientific analysis the legal category of the procedural interest of a person with whom a plea bargaining has been concluded, in aggregate in the formation of the author’s concept of legal regulation of a person with whom a plea bargaining is concluded. Research methods - system analysis, structural, logical, comparative. The results achieved are in the analysis of the legal category of procedural interest, which is inherent in a participant in criminal proceedings. It is stated that the introduction into domestic legal proceedings made it possible to distinguish a new type - a special procedural interest, inherent in a person with whom a plea bargaining was concluded. The idea of the need for a mechanism to ensure the interests of an accomplice of a crime, warning the person with whom a plea bargaining is concluded from responsibility for knowingly giving false testimony is considered.

The Microstructure of Shock-Synthesized Diamond

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 324-325
Author(s):  
Lucien F. Trueb
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
High Magnification ◽  
Texture Pattern ◽  
Shock Process ◽  
New Type ◽  
Diffraction Diagram

A new type of synthetic industrial diamond formed by an explosive shock process has been recently developed by the Du Pont Company. This material consists of a mixture of two basically different forms, as shown in Figure 1: relatively flat and compact aggregates of acicular crystallites, and single crystals in the form of irregular polyhedra with straight edges.Figure 2 is a high magnification micrograph typical for the fibrous aggregates; it shows that they are composed of bundles of crystallites 0.05-0.3 μ long and 0.02 μ. wide. The selected area diffraction diagram (insert in Figure 2) consists of a weak polycrystalline ring pattern and a strong texture pattern with arc reflections. The latter results from crystals having preferred orientation, which shows that in a given particle most fibrils have a similar orientation.

New type electron gun with electrostatic and electromagnetic lenses

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
T. Ichinokawa ◽  
H. Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Charge Effect ◽  
Micro Fabrication ◽  
Maximum Brightness ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Ideal

I. IntroductionThermionic electron gun with the Wehnelt grid is popularly used in the electron microscopy and electron beam micro-fabrication. It is well known that this gun could get the ideal brightness caluculated from the Lengumier and Richardson equations under the optimum condition. However, the design and ajustment to the optimum condition is not so easy. The gun has following properties with respect to the Wehnelt bias; (1) The maximum brightness is got only in the optimum bias. (2) In the larger bias than the optimum, the brightness decreases with increasing the bias voltage on account of the space charge effect. (3) In the smaller bias than the optimum, the brightness decreases with bias voltage on account of spreading of the cross over spot due to the aberrations of the electrostatic immersion lens.In the present experiment, a new type electron gun with the electrostatic and electromagnetic lens is designed, and its properties are examined experimentally.

A new type of defect structure in 124-superconducting oxide revealed by HREM

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 1092-1093
Author(s):  
R. Sharma ◽  
B.L. Ramakrishna ◽  
N.N. Thadhani ◽  
D. Hianes ◽  
Z. Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Defect Structure ◽  
Neutron Radiation ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Defect Structures ◽  
New Materials ◽  
New Type ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Microstructural Studies

After materials with superconducting temperatures higher than liquid nitrogen have been prepared, more emphasis has been on increasing the current densities (Jc) of high Tc superconductors than finding new materials with higher transition temperatures. Different processing techniques i.e thin films, shock wave processing, neutron radiation etc. have been applied in order to increase Jc. Microstructural studies of compounds thus prepared have shown either a decrease in gram boundaries that act as weak-links or increase in defect structure that act as flux-pinning centers. We have studied shock wave synthesized Tl-Ba-Cu-O and shock wave processed Y-123 superconductors with somewhat different properties compared to those prepared by solid-state reaction. Here we report the defect structures observed in the shock-processed Y-124 superconductors.

ESEM - A multipurpose surface Electron Microscope

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 632-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.D. Danilatos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Saturated Water Vapor ◽  
Surface Electron ◽  
Current State ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
New Type ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Over recent years a new type of electron microscope - the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) - has been developed for the examination of specimen surfaces in the presence of gases. A detailed series of reports on the system has appeared elsewhere. A review summary of the current state and potential of the system is presented here.The gas composition, temperature and pressure can be varied in the specimen chamber of the ESEM. With air, the pressure can be up to one atmosphere (about 1000 mbar). Environments with fully saturated water vapor only at room temperature (20-30 mbar) can be easily maintained whilst liquid water or other solutions, together with uncoated specimens, can be imaged routinely during various applications.

Trial production of γ-type energy filtering TEM

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 604-605
Author(s):  
Y. Taniguchi ◽  
E. Nakazawa ◽  
S. Taya
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Electron Optics ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Mass Spectrometers ◽  
Ion Optics ◽  
Energy Filtering ◽  
New Information ◽  
New Type ◽  
Fringing Fields

Imaging energy filters can add new information to electron microscopic images with respect to energy-axis, so-called electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI). Recently, many good results have been reported using this imaging technique. ESI also allows high-contrast observation of unstained biological samples, becoming a trend of the field of morphology. We manufactured a new type of energy filter as a trial production. This energy filter consists of two magnets, and we call γ-filter since the trajectory of electrons shows ‘γ’-shape inside the filter. We evaluated the new energyγ-filter TEM with the γ-filter.Figure 1 shows schematic view of the electron optics of the γ-type energy filter. For the determination of the electron-optics of the γ-type energy filter, we used the TRIO (Third Order Ion Optics) program which has been developed for the design of high resolution mass spectrometers. The TRIO takes the extended fringing fields (EFF) into consideration. EFF makes it difficult to design magnetic energy filters with magnetic sector fields.

Development of imaging plate for a TEM and its characteristics

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 100-101
Author(s):  
N. Mori ◽  
T. Oikawa ◽  
Y. Harada ◽  
J. Miyahara ◽  
T. Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
Phosphor Layer ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
New Type ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Reading System

The Imaging Plate (IP) is a new type imaging device, which was developed for diagnostic x ray imaging. We have reported that usage of the IP for a TEM has many merits; those are high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, and good linearity. However in the previous report the reading system was prototype drum-type-scanner, and IP was also experimentally made, which phosphor layer was 50μm thick with no protective layer. So special care was needed to handle them, and they were used only to make sure the basic characteristics. In this article we report the result of newly developed reading, printing system and high resolution IP for practical use. We mainly discuss the characteristics of the IP here. (Precise performance concerned with the reader and other system are reported in the other article.)Fig.1 shows the schematic cross section of the IP. The IP consists of three parts; protective layer, phosphor layer and support.

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