scholarly journals Potestas nocendi w świetle komentarzy św. Augustyna do Księgi Hioba 1-2

Vox Patrum ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 653-681
Author(s):  
Mariusz Terka
Keyword(s):  
Human Heart ◽  
God's Will ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Power Of God

St. Augustine interprets the tragedy of Job presented in the Bible by two co­incidental and connected with each other scenes: the first describes the history of man depressed with suffering, who lost his property, family and health, where the second one shows the dialog on the spiritual level between God and Satan, in con­sequence of which Satan receives the power of doing damage (potestas nocendi) to Job. The matter of this power, its range and goal are examined by The Bishop of Hippo by means of the relationship analysis between God, deviland Job. The power of harming comes from God and He is definitely responsible for Job’s suffering. He gives this power for devil but only for making man more pre­fect and revealing His justice. Where the action of devil is the charge of insincere devotion, jealousy, suspecting of hidden sin and temptation of Job in order to make him turn around from God. But for Job the experience of suffering is the trial which is given from God and by it God demands from Job taking a decision. His reply to God is described by St. Augustine as trust and agreement his will with God’s will. The power of harming is limited first by God’s will and permission given by Him, next by devil’s nature as a creature which has to ask for harm­ing permission and hasn’t got any access to human heart, and later by Job’s will and a choice made by him. So potestas nocendi is not license of devil, but first of all the power of God and devil’s desire of harming.

Wisdom and Wisdom Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. xxii-14
Author(s):  
Will Kynes
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Wisdom Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter introduces the volume by arguing that the study of biblical wisdom is in the midst of a potential paradigm shift, as interpreters are beginning to reconsider the relationship between the concept of wisdom in the Bible and the category Wisdom Literature. This offers an opportunity to explore how the two have been related in the past, in the history of Jewish and Christian interpretation, how they are connected in the present, as three competing primary approaches to Wisdom study have developed, and how they could be treated in the future, as new possibilities for understanding wisdom with insight from before and beyond the development of the Wisdom Literature category are emerging.

scholarly journals The First Catholic Bible in Chinese: Gabriele Allegra and His Translation

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Raissa De Gruttola
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Greek Text ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Biblical Study ◽  
Study Centre ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Christian missionaries play an important role in the history of the relationship between China and Europe. Their presence in China has been widely explored, but little attention has been paid to the role played by the Bible in their preaching. From 13th to 19th century, although they did not translate the Bible, Catholic missionaries preached the Gospel orally or with catechisms. On the other hand, the Protestant missionaries had published many version of the Chinese Bible throughout the 19th century. It was only in the 20th century that the Franciscan friar Gabriele Allegra decided to go to China as a missionary to translate the Holy Scriptures into Chinese. He arrived in China in 1931 and translated from 1935 to 1961. He also founded a biblical study centre to prepare expert scholars to collaborate in the Bible translation. Allegra and his colleagues completed the translation in 1961, and the first complete single-volume Catholic Bible in Chinese was published in 1968. After presenting the historical background of Allegra’s activity, a textual analysis of some passages of his translation will be presented, emphasizing the meanings of the Chinese words he chose to use to translate particular elements of Christian terminology. This study will verify the closeness of the work by Allegra to the original Greek text and the validity of some particular translation choices.

scholarly journals Vitae as a Subject Source in the West European Pictorial Art of the 14–17th Centuries (On the Example of the Image of Saint Jerome of Stridon)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-466
Author(s):  
Tatiana V. Volskaia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Lives Of Saints ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Historical Biography ◽  
History Of ◽  
Saint Jerome ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

For many centuries, Western European art drew its subjects from ancient history, mythology and the Bible. The artists paid great attention to the depiction of saints, for each of whom, over time, a pictorial canon with its own attributes and certain subjects was formed. As a result, the viewer not only easily recognized a particular saint, but he could also get acquainted with the facts of his biography and the role he played in the history of the church. Saint Jerome of Stridon was one of the most popular among artists, of all the Fathers of the Church he was portrayed more often than others. The article discusses the formation of this canon on the example of Jerome’s life and work. It is based on a literature review of this topic and it contains the main studies of the biography and literary activity of Jerome, from which the artists drew subjects for their works. The article describes chronologically the vitae of St. Jerome, his hagiography from Jacobus de Voragine’s “The Golden Legend”, biography and posthumous legends, miracles and appearances of the saint from “Hieronymianus” by Giovanni d’Andrea. Erasmus of Rotterdam wrote a historical biography of Saint Jerome. Since the 19th century a large number of scientific studies of Jerome’s life and work has appeared. The article analyzes specific works of Jerome, which were also sources for pictorial images. Special attention is paid to a review of art history literature, as well as medieval bestiaries, since the paintings with St. Jerome are filled with numerous symbolic animals. A review of literature and sources on the stated topic will help stimulate researchers to further study the relationship between the lives of saints and their iconography in art, identify gaps in research on this topic and specify aspects that researchers have not yet paid attention to.

Dancing the Animal to Open the Human: For a New Poetics of Locomotion

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Brandstetter
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Nature Versus Nurture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Discovery ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Image Of God ◽  
Made In

Animals have provided a theme and a model for movements in dance from time immemorial. But what image of man do danced animal portrayals reflect? What questions of human identity and crisis do they reveal? Do the bodies of animals provide symbolic material for the ethical, political, and aesthetic questions raised by man's mastery of nature?The exploration of the boundary between man and animal—in myths and sagas, in the earliest records of ritual and art, and in the history of knowledge—is part of the great nature-versus-nurture debate. In the Bible the relationship is clear: Adam, made in the image of God, gives the animals in Paradise their names. In this way he rules over them—but Thomas Aquinas's commentary on this biblical text makes clear that the act of naming animals in Paradise is a step toward man's experiential self-discovery. Since then the hierarchy seems to be beyond doubt.Homo sapien, as theanimal significans, is distinguished from other animals by his ability to speak, his upright gait, the use of his hands, and the capacity to use instruments and media—man as what Sigmund Freud called the “prosthetic god” (1966, 44).

Ecological Hermeneutics and Jeremiah

2021 ◽  
pp. 636-647
Author(s):  
Kristel Clayville
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Biblical Interpretation ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ethical Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter provides an overview of the relationship between ethics and the Bible, then turns to focus on the specific role of environmental ethics in biblical interpretation and the development of ecological hermeneutics. After this brief history of ethical thinking in and with the Bible, the chapter offers a critical summary of various interpretive typologies that scholars have developed to describe the Israelite relationship to land in the Bible. Building on this background, this chapter offers an analysis of Jeremiah that is informed by ecological hermeneutics. This reading focuses on the role of the land in the Israelite imaginary, the loss of land as punishment, the natural versus unnatural as a diagnostic for moral purity, and reading from the perspective of the land.

“Trust in Providence and Keep Your Powder Dry”

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
James P. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
God's Will ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The North ◽  
Biblical Texts ◽  
The Relationship

Both sides finally got what they wanted in July at the First Battle of Bull Run—here was a real battle, giving both sides the chance to face off against the enemy. Here also was the first providential test of the war, the first indication of which side God would take once the fighting started. For many southerners, Bull Run (or Manassas, as southerners called the battle) confirmed their reading of God’s will; for many northerners, Bull Run stirred disillusionment and a call for of the nation to rededicate itself to God. The battle also provoked revaluations of several key biblical texts, including Exodus in the South and Romans 13 in the North, with both sides trying to tease out the relationship between the Bible and Bull Run.

From the history of the veneration and creation of the St. Luke's (Voyno-Yasenetsky) Memorial Museum Luka (Vojno-Jasenetsky) in Tambov

2019 ◽  
pp. 242-263
Author(s):  
Виктор Лисюнин
Keyword(s):  
Logical Consequence ◽  
God's Will ◽  
Memorial Museum ◽  
The People ◽  
Church Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fundamental Misunderstanding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

Из истории традиции почитания и создания народного мемориального музея святителя Луки (Войно-Ясенецкого) в Тамбове. В статье осмысливается история создания народного мемориального музея святителя Луки (Войно-Ясенецкого) в Тамбове как логичное следствие традиции почитания святого, зародившейся ещё в момент его пребывания на тамбовской кафедре. Основной тезис исследования аргументируется фактами, выявленными в ходе изучения архивных и нарративных свидетельств. Используется также музеологическая методика, которая позволяет составить представление о тамбовском периоде жизни святителя на основе выявления и атрибуции меморий. Способом сохранения и популяризации духовного наследия святителя являются проекты, программы, гранты, конференции, экспозиции и выставки, приуроченные к знаменательным датам, связанным с периодом служения архиепископа-хирурга на тамбовской кафедре. Тамбовский период жизни архиепископа Луки (ВойноЯсенецкого) положил начало процессу возрождения церковной жизни, а также стал периодом расцвета профессиональных и духовных талантов святителя, общественного признания российским и международным сообществом. Конфликтный характер взаимоотношений тамбовского чиновничества и архиепископа расценивается как результат принципиального несходства в понимании роли Церкви в жизни народа, а также недостатком проработанности правовой основы деятельности православного духовенства в период кратковременного потепления отношений между государством и Церковью в 1943-1946 годах. Как сакральный мемориал православной истории тамбовского края нами осмысливается Покровский кафедральный собор г. Тамбова, в котором самим архиепископом были собраны святыни из многих закрывшихся храмов, где нашли приют верные последователи Патриарха Тихона, где была создана духовная среда, обеспечившая сохранность традиционной православной духовности. Создание народного музея являет следствие воли Божией о пастыре, отдавшего себя служению страдающему народу. Народнические устремления усматриваются: в выборе профессии, бескорыстии служения в госпиталях и земских больницах, сопричастности народной беде в годы многолетних ссылок и пр. На основе нарративных и архивных свидетельств уточнена и скорректирована информация, собранная первым биографом святителя - М. Поповским, посетившим Тамбов весной 1971 года. В целом, мемориализация как способ сохранения и популяризации духовного наследия является перспективной темой научного исследования. From the history of the tradition of veneration and creation of the Folk Memorial Museum of St. Luka (Vojno-Jasenetsky) in Tambov. In the article the history of creation of the Folk Memorial Museum of St. Luka (Vojno-Jasenetsky) in Tambov is analyzed as a logical consequence of the tradition of veneration of the saint, which originated at the time of his tenure in the Tambov Cathedral. The main thesis of the study is argued with the facts revealed during the study of archival and narrative evidence. A museological methodology is also used, which allows one to get an idea of the Tambov period of the saint's life on the basis of the identification and attribution of memorials. Projects, programmes, grants, conferences, expositions and exhibitions timed to commemorative dates related to the period of the archbishop's service to the Tambov Cathedral are a way to preserve and popularise the spiritual heritage of the saint. The period of life of Archbishop Luke (Voyno-Yasenetsky) in Tambov marked the beginning of the process of revival of church life, and also became a period of flourishing of professional and spiritual talents of the saint, public recognition by the Russian and international community. The conflicting nature of the relationship between the Tambov bishop and the archbishop is seen as a result of a fundamental misunderstanding of the role of the Church in the life of the people, as well as a lack of a legal basis for the activities of the Orthodox clergy during the brief warming of relations between the state and the Church in 1943-1946. The sacral memorial to the Orthodox history of the Tambov region is the Intercession Cathedral in Tambov, where the holy relics were gathered by the Archbishop from many closed churches; where the devoted followers of Patriarch Tikhon found shelter; where the spiritual environment which preserved the traditional Orthodox spirituality was created. The creation of the People's Museum is the result of God's will for the pastor, who gave himself up to serve the suffering people. His people's aspirations can be seen in his choice of profession, his selfless service in hospitals and zemstvo hospitals, his involvement in the suffering of the people during the years of exile, and so on. The information collected by the first biographer of the saint, M. Popovsky, who visited Tambov in spring 1971, was specified and corrected based on narrative and archival evidence. On the whole, memorialisation as a way of preserving and popularising spiritual heritage is a promising topic of scientific research.

The Bible, Its Status and African Christian Theologies: Foundational Document or Stumbling Block?

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Punt
Keyword(s):  
Vantage Point ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Human Suffering ◽  
African Theology ◽  
History Of Interpretation ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between the Bible and Christianity, including Christian theology, is traditionally strong and undisputed; however, in Christian theology in Africa, as elsewhere, the status of the biblical texts is contested. A brief consideration of the Bible as 'canon' leads to a broader discussion of how the Bible has to a certain extent become a 'problem' in African theology also, both because of theological claims made about its status, and - and in conjunction with - its perceived complicity in justifying human suffering and hardship. The legacy of the Bible as legitimating agent is dealt with from the vantage point of the history of interpretation; but the latter also provides for a 'rehumanising' of Scripture. In the end, this article is also an attempt to explain some of the different views of the Bible's status in Africa, and to address and mediate the resulting conflict by attending to proposals to view the biblical canon as 'historical prototype', foundational document' - as scripture. A number of important aspects regarding the continuing role of the Bible in African theologies in particular, conclude the essay.

Lessing as Editor of Reimarus

2017 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
John Riches
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Historical Jesus ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Gotthold Ephraim Lessing’s publication of Fragments of an Unknown Wolfenbüttel Author in the 1770s unleashed a storm of debate and controversy, which ended with censor stepping in and forbidding further contributions. The Fragmentenstreit, the ‘Battle of the Fragments’, as it came to be known, was a critical point in the development of German theology. For Schweitzer, as is made clear by the full title of his survey of historical Jesus studies ( The Quest of the Historical Jesus: A Critical Study of its Progress from Reimarus to Wrede), the publication of the fragment ‘On the purpose of Jesus and his disciples’ marks the true beginnings of an historical engagement with the Gospel stories about Jesus. For Lessing, Reimarus’ text certainly raised questions about the interpretative methods and categories which are most properly applied to the Gospels; it also raised issues about the relationship between reason and revelation, the place of the Bible, the canon, in the development of Christian faith, and indeed of the very nature of faith itself. We will look briefly at some of these questions. There is, too, a much wider and more demanding question: what influence did this debate have on the subsequent history of German theology which, in the 150 years which followed, saw the rise of both liberal and more confessionally oriented theologies, the prominence of figures like Schleiermacher, Hegel, Ritschl, Barth, and Bultmann? We can offer no more than a few pointers to the beginnings of such developments.

scholarly journals Antropologi og poetik i Verdenskrøniken 1814

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-62
Author(s):  
William Michelsen
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Garden Of Eden ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Tower Of Babel ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Trinity

Anthropology and Poetics in World Chronicle 1814By Knud SølvbjergAn exposition by William MichelsenThis article is a brief account of the contents of a thesis written in 1976 at the Institute for Scandinavian Studies at Århus University under the title N .F .S . Grundtvig's Thoughts on Anthropology and Poetics between 1814 and 1828. It contains excerpts of a chapter with the same title as this article. The choice of material and the commentary on it has been made by William Michelsen, under whose supervision the thesis was written.The article deals with the considerations concerning mankind and the art of poetry that Grundtvig expresses in his interpretation of mankind’s fate and of the relationship between prophecy and poetry according to the Old Testament. At first these thoughts are set against the idea of all the visible world as an organism with a universal consciousness, as expressed in Henrich Steffens’ introduction to Philosophical Lectures 1803 amongst others. According to Grundtvig, mankind’s development is due not to human reason but to a divine power. And even though Grundtvig’s division of history into three is reminiscent of the division to be found in the concept of the world as an organism, there is no basis for any prediction of history’s development. The pattern which the ancient history of Israel passes on shows how mankind would have developed without the Fall. The divine image is still to be found in mankind and reflects the trinity in God. But the Fall has so confused the inner vision, the emotions and reason that “false images mingled with true images so that the emotions became unclean and reason became ready to judge what it did not understand” (WC 1814 p. 18ff).The Fall in the Garden of Eden, the Flood and the building of the Tower of Babel mark mankind’s step-by-step defection from God. Not until Jesus’ death on the cross did mankind’s relationship with God change for the better. The development in the individual through three stages in which the life of the soul is dominated in turn by the imagination, the emotions and reason also takes place in the individual nation and in the human race as a whole. It is true not merely of the individual but also of the nation and mankind in general that reason is the last faculty to develop. The epistemological consequence is that reason must believe, in the sense that it must believe in the concept of the truthit is to acknowledge. Grundtvig’s idea is that that which at some stage in the future will be recognized, is present beforehand as an imaginative concept. For the nation this means that in the final age it will be able to explain its poetry and its historical achievements on the basis of the previous two. What was once present as a concept returns at the level of reason. History becomes an epistemological process. But without the Bible mankind cannot acknowledge this, according to World Chronicle 1814, inasmuch as Israel’s history is a pattern of the path of history. That is, God does not reveal Himself only in the hearts and consciences of mankind but also in history. But God also reveals Himself in the imagination of the poets - not just amongst the Israelite prophets but also amongst other poets and prophets. For a particularly clear Biblical example of this Grundtvig goes to the story of the prophet Bileam (Numbers 22). Grundtvig does not equate Israel’s prophets with present-day poets, but settles for claiming a likeness between them. He justifies this by pointing to the more powerful imaginations of the ancient prophets, as well as the fact that the Hebrew language had particular qualities because it was closer to the original parent language. Poets should be the people’s guide. After the Fall it is the task of the poet in particular to distinguish between the false and true images that appear to his imagination. According to Grundtvig this cannot be done without the Bible, “unless the poet was inspired in some strange way and became what we call a seer or a prophet”. (WC 1814 p. 167).Bearing recent Grundtvig research in mind it seems surprising how little the passages cited in World Chronicle 1814 have been commented on and utilised to  characterise Grundtvig’s poetics. One major reason could be that that they can only be understood in conjunction with Grundtvig’s epistemology and anthropology, which has only recently received a closer examination. It is not enough to see Grundtvig’s poetics as the product of romantic inspiration in a Christian direction. The question is, how was Grundtvig able to combine his experiences as a poet with the Christian faith that he recognised in 1810 to be the only true one. That is the question which this article attempts to answer.

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