scholarly journals Archimandrite Leonid (Kavelin) as a Hagiographer of the Optina Desert

2021 ◽  
pp. 239-256
Author(s):  
Варвара Викторовна Каширина
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Literary Style ◽  
200Th Anniversary ◽  
Xix Century

В 2022 г. исполняется 200 лет со дня рождения известного богослова, церковного историка и археографа XIX в. архимандрита Леонида (Кавелина). Первые исследования о. Леонида были связаны с Оптиной пустынью, где под руководством прп. Макария Оптинского он сформировался как инок и церковный исследователь. В духовном наследии архимандрита Леонида значительное место занимают агиографические работы, посвящённые первым оптинским старцам Льву и Макарию. Отличительной чертой агиографических сочинений было широкое использование исторических документов и свидетельств: воспоминаний очевидцев, биографических справок, писем, выписок из различных документов и книг. Историзм всегда сочетался с простотой и доступностью изложения, хорошим литературным слогом. Отец Леонид подготовил три редакции «Жития прп. Льва Оптинского» (1845, 1847, 1855-1857), а также первое «Житие прп. Макария Оптинского» (1861). Впоследствии другими агиографами Оптиной пустыни жития первых оптинских подвижников, составленные о. Леонидом, были дополнены и расширены. Значение ранних агиографических трудов о. Леонида, бесспорно, является очень важным для оптинского духовного наследия и для дальнейшего формирования о. Леонида как крупного церковного исследователя, оставившего большой след в науке. 2022 marks the 200th anniversary of the birth of the famous theologian, church historian and archeographer of the XIX century, archimandrite Leonid (Kavelin). His first studies were related to Optina Desert, where under the leadership of the prp. He was formed as a monk and an ecclesiastical researcher by Macarius of Optina. In the spiritual heritage of Archimandrite Leonid, a significant place is occupied by hagiographic works dedicated to the first Optina elders Leo and Macarius. A distinctive feature of hagiographic works was the extensive use of historical documents and testimonies: eyewitness memoirs, biographical references, letters, extracts from various documents and books. Historicism has always been combined with simplicity and accessibility of presentation, a good literary style. Father Leonid prepared three editions of the life of St. Leo of Optina (1845, 1847, 1855-1857), as well as the first life of St. Macarius of Optina (1861). Subsequently, the lives of the first Optina ascetics, compiled by Father Leonid, were supplemented and expanded by other hagiographers of the Optina Desert. The significance of the early hagiographic works of fr. Leonida is undoubtedly very important for the Optina spiritual heritage and for the further formation of fr. Leonid as a major church researcher who left a great mark on science.

A Review of Shahriar's Persian Divan Words

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1111
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Shoaei
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
Literary Style ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selection Of

The main objective of this study is to review the vocabulary reservoir of Shahriar's Divan linguistically. He has spent a lot of time on creating literary style. His works still maintain its artistic effects. His literary speech still interests every reader to be curious about the history of the evolution of literary form of Persian language. As this is the first study that has been done in the field of the vocabulary reservoir of Shahriar's Persian Divan, Persian Philology categories have been fully presented, the verbal and semantic characteristics of Persian vocabulary reservoir are reflected. Throughout the divan, synonyms have a distinctive feature. Other categories of words such as antonyms, kinds of figures of speech, allusions, simile, metaphor, bilingualism are of important subjects. Selection of the appropriate rhymes is evident in Divan. Shahriar's Divan has also been reviewed linguistically by studying its meaningful examples of poetry. In this study, the volumes published in 2006 have been used. Selecting proper rhymes is evident in Divan. Using antonyms creates various positions and occasions in stylistics.

The creative heritage of K. Marx and contemporary philosophy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Сергей Нижников ◽  
Syergyey Nizhnikov ◽  
Алексей Лагунов ◽  
Alyeksyey Lagunov ◽  
Иван Гобозов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
200Th Anniversary ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Practical Conference

The collective monograph was prepared by the participants of the interuniversity scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of K. Marx. In the chapters the authors critically comprehend the theoretical heritage of the great thinker of the XIX century. The view of the philosophical ideas of the founder of Marxism is realized through the prism of the historical destiny and actual problems of modern Russia. The problems of adequate understanding of Marx's creative heritage, as well as the heuristic significance in understanding the contradictions of the globalizing world are raised.

scholarly journals Artistic genesis of the mausoleum of Józef Fraget at old Powązki cemetery in Warsaw

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 225-235
Author(s):  
Marta Wiraszka
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Iron Part ◽  
Cast Iron Part ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Metal Factory

Neoclassical mausoleum of Józef Fraget (1797-1867) commemorating a French industrial entrepreneur and the founder of the first factory of clad goods in Poland was constructed at Old Powązki Cemetery in Warsaw between 1867 and 1869 (quarter A, row I). The author of the torso is Leonard Marconi, and the mold is believed to have been made by the “Lilpop, Rau i Loewenstein” factory in Warsaw. The original project embraced only the top, cast iron part of the tomb in the form of Doric aedicule with entablature and triangular pediment as well as the marble torso placed on prism pedestal located among four columns. The bottom, stone part, was executed later, approximately in 1913 in Władysław Tuszyński stone enterprise. The Mausoleum of Fraget is a replica of the monument situated in Berlin at St. Dorothy’s Cemetery commemorating Johann August Borsig (1804-1854), the owner of the well-established metal factory in Europe. Its designer was an architect from Berlin, an apprentice of Schinkl, Johann Heinrich Strack, and the maker of the bronze torso mold was asculptor Christian Daniel Rauch. Three other mausoleums originated from the same model: the Brand family mausoleum at the Metallurgical Cemetery in Gliwice, (between 1865 and 1890), Tomas Evans mausoleum at the Evangelical Reformed Cemetery in Warsaw (second half of the 60s. the XIX century, currently non-existent) and in its slightly modified form, the tomb of the architect J. H. Strack at the St Dorothy’s Cemetery in Berlin (1880-1882). All the above -mentioned mausoleums except the monument decorating the tomb of the architect Strack, commemorated personalities from metallurgical industry. The particularity of the mausoleum of Józef Fraget consists in the use of cast iron as the main constructing element. It is a distinctive feature differing the mausoleum in question from the remaining exemplary monuments made of stone.

scholarly journals Activities of the Nizhny Novgorod river police (1882—1917)

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Aleksej Halin ◽  
Anna Mochalova
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Xix Century

This article is devoted to the activities of the river police in Nizhny Novgorod in the second half of the XIX century (1882—1917). based on archival historical documents, the article examines the legal framework, the main tasks and functions of the Nizhny Novgorod river police, its structure and organizational, financial, and staffing problems of the river police in Nizhny Novgorod

scholarly journals Dynamics of Development of Oikonymic System in Northern Lyudik Language Area

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-131
Author(s):  
I. I. Mullonen ◽  
A. Yu. Zhukov
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Settlement Structure ◽  
Widespread Adoption ◽  
Language Area ◽  
The One ◽  
Xix Century

Some aspects of the formation of the oikonymic system of the local territory during the second half of the II millennium, which is caused, on the one hand, by the development of the settlement structure, and on the other, by the laws of toponymic nomination are discussed in the article. The material for analysis was information from historical documents (cadastres, census lists, lists of populated areas) of the 16th - early 20th centuries, as well as the results of field gatherings in the territory of the northwestern Onega inhabited by Karelian people. It is proved that the system of oikonyms includes elements dating back to different chronological periods. At the same time, oikonymic models are identified that mark individual stages in the development of the system. Particular attention is paid to the existence of oikonyms on two levels: official (written) and unofficial (oral). Of these, the former was more conservative, and the latter was more responsive to changes in circumstances related to the life of the settlement, change of ownership of the courtyard, etc. It was revealed that the widespread adoption and consolidation in the official practice of popular names occurred in the middle of the XIX century. The relevance of the study lies in a number of new etymological interpretations of oikonyms, for which historical sources are used, which made it possible to build chains of successively changing variants of the name. As a result, some Karelian folk forms of Orthodox names were reconstructed, and the list of non-calendar Karelian anthroponyms was expanded.

scholarly journals HOLY ASCENSION MONASTERY NEAR DUBNO IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 2019–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (32) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Yuriy Pshenichny ◽  
Volodymyr Marchuk
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Scientific Organization ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
National University ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Village

The study of the sacred monuments of Volyn requires the involvement of new sources. Some religious centers have disappeared, leaving only a mention of their existence in historical documents. Such sites include the Holy Ascension Convent (also known as Pidboretsky), which was founded on April 8, 1592 on the island of Dubovets among the Surmytsky pond in Dubno. During 2019-2020, archeological research was organized here by the State Historical and Cultural Reserve of Dubno together with the Interregional Public Scientific Organization «Dubno Archaeological Center» and students majoring in «History and Archeology» of the National University «Ostroh Academy». During this time it was investigated part of the large secular cemetery near the monastery arose at the final stage of its existence, not earlier than the second half of the XVIII century. It was established that in this area approximately after the 1660s, pits were arranged, necessary for the disposal of significant accumulations of garbage and construction waste. In turn, this may indicate that the area opened by excavation 2 from the time of the foundation of the monastery remained free from construction. However, it is possible that there were some buildings on it, but the peculiarities of the structures did not contribute to their archaeologicalization. Burial in the cemetery, discovered during excavations, probably continued even after the liquidation of the monastery in 1832. The upper chronological limit of the cemetery is the middle of the XIX century. This dating is due to the construction of a new church in the village of Pidbortsi in 1850, after which the old monastery church on the island was dismantled, although the burials of the villagers probably continued here for some time.

scholarly journals TO THE 200TH ANNIVERSARY OF NADEZHDA DMITRIEVNA KHVOSHCHINSKAYA: ABOUT THE DATE OF THE WRITERS BIRTH

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
E. N. Stroganova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
200Th Anniversary ◽  
Biographical Dictionary ◽  
Xix Century

The year of birth of the famous Russian writer of the second half of the XIX century Nadezhda Dmitrievna Khvoshchinskaya, who published her works under the nameV. Krestovskyj-pseudonym, is specified on the material of archival sources. The above information refutes the established opinion that the writer was born in 1824 or 1825 and allows us to say that 2021 is the year of the 200th anniversary of the writer. The author focuses on the question of the incorrect portrait representation of the writer in the 6th volume of the biographical dictionary «Russian Writers. 1800-1917».

Orthodox arrangement of the Pochaiv Lavra in the second third of the XIX century.

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-41
Author(s):  
Ella Volodymyrivna Bystrytska
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
The Political ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Political Motivation ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

Abstract: A series of imperial decrees of the 1820s ordering the establishment of a Greco-Uniate Theological Collegium and appropriate consistories contributed to the spread of the autocratic synodal system of government and the establishment of control over Greek Uniate church institutions in the annexed territories of Right-Bank Ukraine. As a result, the Greco-Uniate Church was put on hold in favor of the government's favorable grounds for the rapid localization of its activities. Basilian accusations of supporting the Polish November Uprising of 1830-1831 made it possible to liquidate the OSBM and most monasteries. The transfer of the Pochaiv Monastery to the ownership of the Orthodox clergy in 1831 was a milestone in the liquidation of the Greco-Uniate Church and the establishment of a Russian-style Orthodox mono-confessionalism. On the basis of archival documents, the political motivation of the emperor's decree to confiscate the Pochayiv Monastery from the Basilians with all its property and capital was confirmed. The transfer to the category of monasteries of the 1st class and the granting of the status of a lavra indicated its special role in strengthening the position of the autocracy in the western region of the Russian Empire. The orders of the Holy Synod outline the key tasks of ensuring the viability of the Lavra as an Orthodox religious center: the introduction of continuous worship, strengthening the personal composition of the population, delimitation of spiritual responsibilities, clarifying the affiliation of the printing house. However, maintaining the rhythm of worship and financial and economic activities established by the Basilians proved to be a difficult task, the solution of which required ten years of hard work. In order to make quick changes in the monastery, decisions were made by the emperor and senior government officials, and government agencies were involved at the local level, which required the coordination of actions of all parties to the process.

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