Orthodox Christianity Church in the diary M. M. Prishvin’s (1905-1954)

Статья посвящена теме Церкви в дневниках М. М. Пришвина. Акцент делается на эволюции взглядов писателя, а также выявляются те факторы, которыми она обусловлена. Автор отмечает, что впервые о природе Церкви М. М. Пришвин задумался во время своего участия в религиозно-философском кружке Д. Мережковского. Не понимая истинного назначения Церкви, он предпринимает попытки объяснить ее природу и цель существования через призму пантеистического идеала. В довоенный период писатель считает, что причастность человека к церковной жизни вовсе не обязательна, однако с началом Первой мировой войны и революции 1917 г. его взгляды претерпевают важное изменение: он открывает в ней значительную пользу не только для отдельного человека, но и для всей страны. Решающим в деле приятия писателем Церкви и доверия к ней сыграла Великая Отечественная война. В последние годы его жизни мы не находим у М. М. Пришвина критики Православной Церкви, но, напротив, встречаем многочисленные записи о её важном сотериологическом значении для человека. Автор приходит к выводу о сложном эклектичном взгляде М. М. Пришвина на Церковь, что обусловлено его юношеским увлечением марксизмом, пантеистическими воззрениями на мир, а также огромном влиянии Валерии Лиорко. Однако, несмотря на это, писатель не переставал осмыслять данную тему на протяжении всей своей жизни, что и привело его в итоге к сознательному позиционированию себя членом Православной Церкви. The article is devoted to the topic of the Church in the diaries of M. M. Prishvin. The emphasis is placed on the evolution of the writer’s views, as well as the factors that determine it. The author notes that for the first time M. M. Prishvin thought about the nature of the Church during his participation in the religious and philosophical circle of D. Merezhkovsky. Not understanding the true purpose of the Church, he attempts to explain its nature and purpose of existence through the prism of the pantheistic ideal. In the pre-war period, M. M. Prishvin believes that a person’s involvement in the Church is not at all mandatory, but with the beginning of the First World War and the revolution of 1917, his views undergo an important change: he discovers in it a significant benefit not only for the individual, but also for the whole country. The Second World War played a decisive role in M. M. Prishvin’s acceptance of the Church and trust in it. In the last years of M. M. Prishvin’s life, we do not find him criticizing the Church, but, on the contrary, we findnumerous records about hits important soteriological significance for man. The author comes to the conclusion about M. M. Prishvin’s complex eclectic view of the Church, which is due to his youthful fascination with Marxism, pantheistic views on the world, as well as the huge influence of Valeria Liorko. In spite of this, however, the writer continued to think about the topic throughout his life, which eventually led him to consciously position himself as a member of the Orthodox Church.

Rescued from the Brink: the Collapse and Resurgence of Wycliffe Hall, Oxford

Studies in Church History ◽

10.1017/s0424208400003715 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 354-364

Author(s):

Andrew Atherstone

Keyword(s):

Church Of England ◽

First World War ◽

Conservative Estimate ◽

World War ◽

The First World War ◽

The 1960S ◽

First Time ◽

First World ◽

The twenty-five theological colleges of the Church of England entered the 1960s in buoyant mood. Rooms were full, finances were steadily improving, expansion seemed inevitable. For four years in succession, from 1961 to 1964, ordinations exceeded six hundred a year, for the first time since before the First World War, and the peak was expected to rise still higher. In a famously misleading report, the sociologist Leslie Paul predicted that at a ‘conservative estimate’ there would be more than eight hundred ordinations a year by the 1970s. In fact, the opposite occurred. The boom was followed by bust, and the early 1970s saw ordinations dip below four hundred. The dramatic plunge in the number of candidates offering themselves for Anglican ministry devastated the theological colleges. Many began running at a loss and faced imminent bankruptcy. In desperation the central Church authorities set about closing or merging colleges, but even their ruthless cutbacks could not keep pace with the fall in ordinands.

De kerk als alternatief voor de natie : Een visie op de vroege oecumenische beweging

DNK : Documentatieblad voor de Nederlandse kerkgeschiedenis na 1800 ◽

10.5117/dnk2020.93.004.hari ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (93) ◽

pp. 159-172

Author(s):

George Harinck

Keyword(s):

First World War ◽

Second World War ◽

Student Movement ◽

World War ◽

Ecumenical Movement ◽

The First World War ◽

Second World ◽

First World ◽

Abstract The ecumenical movement started at the time of the First World War and was molded by the nationalism that ignited this war. In 1914-1918 it became clear that the nations had become a hindrance for the churches. At first, internationalism seemed the answer to this problem, but in the 1920s and 1930s it turned out that internationalism still was too abstract, and nationalism was still too dominant. In the early 1920s W.A. Visser ’t Hooft was active in the international Christian student movement, where he learned the relevance of Christianity as an alternative for nationalism, and in the 1930s he explicitly chose for the church as an alternative for the nation. In order to make the church relevant over against nationalism and rising totalitarianism the national, liturgical and confessional differences between churches had to be overcome to enable the church to speak with one voice. This aim was not realized yet at the time of the Second World War, but the ecumenical movement encouraged churches to formulate its own identity and develop its own mission amidst nationalism and totalitarianism.

Images The International Journal of European Film Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication ◽

Gry pamięci. Valiant Hearts: The Great War i My Memory of Us w perspektywie kultury historycznej

10.14746/i.2021.38.09 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (38) ◽

pp. 144-160

Author(s):

Marcin Pigulak

Keyword(s):

Video Games ◽

Great War ◽

World War ◽

The First World War ◽

The Press ◽

Historical Culture ◽

The Individual ◽

The Great War ◽

Second World ◽

The paper aims to outline how video games Valiant Hearts: The Great War (Ubisoft Montpellier, 2014) and My Memory of Us (Juggler Games, 2018) use narrative and ludic structures to create commemorative stories about the First World War and the Second World War. The author refer to the concept of historical culture (among others, in Jörn Rüsen’s interpretation) and examine the connections between the two video games focusing on the issue of designers’ intentions (digital games as examples of the commemoration of the past), the genre similarity (2D platform games), the intermedial convergence and the press reception. He discusses the strategy of the cultural agreement between designers and users, analyzes historical narratives as a part of the gameplay, examines relations between the individual and collective’s perspective and characterizes immersion’s mechanisms which reinforce players’ identification with the victims of both wars.

Céline héros de l’après-coup

@nalyses. Revue des littératures franco-canadiennes et québécoise ◽

10.18192/analyses.v1i1.439 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Julie Boulanger

Keyword(s):

First World War ◽

Important Change ◽

Second World War ◽

World War ◽

The First World War ◽

New Vision ◽

Second World ◽

First World ◽

Seconde Guerre Mondiale

Dans sa tétralogie des bombes, Louis-Ferdinand Céline revendique l’héroïsme déprécié dans son premier roman, Voyage au bout de la nuit. Suite à la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Céline — narrateur des quatre romans — devient un héros de 1914. Comme dans Semmelweis, le héros célinien se constitue dans l’après-coup et conserve sa posture marginalisée. L’écrivain se construit en témoin héroïque et va jusqu’à s’arroger la place des véritables héros de la guerre : les rescapés des camps de concentration.AbstractCéline’s novels published after the Second World War present a new vision on heroism, previoulsy depreciated in his first novel, Voyage au bout de la nuit. In Féerie pour une autre fois, D’un château l’autre, Nord and Rigodon, Céline represents himself as a hero of the First World War and as an heroic witness. This article aims to examine the reasons and effects of this important change.

1939–45—Puzzled People?

Periodizing Secularization ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198848806.003.0008 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 215-244

Author(s):

Clive D. Field

Keyword(s):

Church Of England ◽

First World War ◽

Church Membership ◽

World War ◽

Opinion Polling ◽

The First World War ◽

Data Gaps ◽

Second World ◽

First World ◽

Analysis of the Second World War’s impact on religious allegiance is affected by data gaps and doubts about the accuracy of opinion polling and the rigour of membership roll revision. But the Church of England lost some market share, the Free Churches slid further towards nominalism, and the number of ‘nones’ grew, absolutely and relatively, more than in the First World War. Church membership losses were greatest in 1939–42. There were 1 million fewer Sunday scholars. Unlike the First World War, there was no temporary revival of churchgoing at the start of the Second World War, only continuous decline in Protestantism, with the index of attendance at ordinary services often reduced to ten or less, half of adults never attending or solely for rites of passage. The decrease is partly explained by wartime disruptions but churchgoing also faced competition from Sunday cinema and the BBC’s enhanced portfolio of religious broadcasts.

19. Commission De La Variation Des Latitudes

Transactions of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0251107x00013882 ◽

1950 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 180-214

Author(s):

Harold Spencer Jones

Keyword(s):

Central Office ◽

Foreign Minister ◽

First World War ◽

Second World War ◽

World War ◽

The First World War ◽

Complete Series ◽

First Time ◽

Second World ◽

When, in May 1922 after the First World War, the I.A.U. and the I.G.G.U. met for the first time it was decided that the systematic study of the motion of the pole should be continued. This study had been commenced over 23 years earlier by the International Geodetical Association and had been continued without interruption during the war, thanks to the keenness of the observers and the work of the Swiss and Dutch geodesists and astronomers, who had undertaken to maintain the necessary contacts between the observing stations and the Potsdam Central Office. The Second World War, which broke out barely two decades later, had more serious consequences for this study. The generous and worthy offer of our Swiss colleagues to be intermediaries between the belligerent countries and to help in the exchange of data between the observing stations and the Central Bureau passed unheeded. The Italian Foreign Minister at the time refused to allow the observing books to be transmitted. We had hoped that, when hostilities were over and communications had been re-established, we should be able to obtain, although late, the complete series of observations.

Denkend aan Callewaert. Over de pater-dominicaan Juul Callewaert en de Vlaamse beweging

WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging ◽

10.21825/wt.v75i2.12061 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

pp. 147-165

Author(s):

Anton Milh

Keyword(s):

Secondary Education ◽

First World War ◽

Second World War ◽

Prison Sentence ◽

World War ◽

National Union ◽

The First World War ◽

Second World ◽

First World ◽

De Vlaamse dominicaan Juul Callewaert (1886-1964) was in zijn tijd een bekend voorvechter van de Vlaamse zaak. Vandaag de dag is zijn leven en denken echter wat in de vergetelheid geraakt. Dit artikel – geschreven 130 jaar na zijn geboorte – wil de pater opnieuw voor het voetlicht plaatsen door een biografisch overzicht te presenteren en een ideologisch profiel te schetsen. Callewaert doorliep zijn humaniora aan het Klein Seminarie van Roeselare, waar hij sterk werd beïnvloed door het romantisch flamingantisme. In 1905 trad hij in bij de dominicanen, en in 1912 werd hij voor deze orde tot priester gewijd. Doorheen de Eerste Wereldoorlog radicaliseerde hij sterk; zo had hij tegen het einde van de oorlog zelfs volledig gebroken met de Belgische staat. In de jaren onmiddellijk na de oorlog kwam de pater verschillende keren in botsing met de kerkelijke overheid vanwege zijn al te politieke optreden. Om die reden werd hij in 1920 weggestuurd naar Ierland, waar op dat moment de Ierse onafhankelijkheidsstrijd zijn hoogtepunt bereikte. Zijn nationalistische vuur laaide er dan ook eerder op dan dat het bekoelde. Bij zijn terugkomst in Vlaanderen in 1921 kwam de pater opnieuw in aanvaring met de kerkelijke overheid met zo goed als alle initiatieven waarin hij betrokken was. In de jaren ’30 groeide hij uit tot een van de éminences grises van het Vlaams Nationaal Verbond (VNV). De collaboratie van het VNV met de bezettende macht tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog werd door hem aanvankelijk goedgekeurd, vanuit zijn droom van een “uur van Vlaanderen”. Door allerlei factoren keerde hij zich hier in de loop van 1942-1943 echter van af. Na de oorlog werd de pater veroordeeld voor het steunen van de collaboratie. Na een gevangenisstraf en een verplicht verblijf te Zwitserland, keerde hij in 1950 terug naar Vlaanderen. Zijn rol op politiek vlak was nu echter volledig uitgespeeld.________Remembering Callewaert. On the Dominican father Juul Callewaert and the Flemish MovementThe Flemish Dominican Juul Callewaert (1886-1964) was a well-known champion of the Flemish cause in his time. Nowadays, his life and thought have somewhat fallen into oblivion. This article – written 130 years after his birth – aspires to put Fr. Callewaert back in the limelight, by presenting a biographical overview and sketching an ideological profile. Callewaert undertook a classical secondary education at the Minor Seminary of Roeselare, where he was strongly influenced by the romantic strain of the Flemish Movement. In 1905 he joined the Dominicans, and in 1912 he was ordained as a priest. Over the course of the First World War he became strongly radicalised; by the end of the war he had even broken completely with the Belgian state. In the years immediately following the war Fr. Callewaert clashed with the Church authorities on numerous occasions on account of his political attitudes. For these reasons he was sent away to Ireland in 1920, where the struggle for Irish independence was reaching its high point. His nationalist fire then burned even brighter, rather than cooling down. Upon his return to Flanders in 1921, Fr. Callewaert once again came into conflict with the Church authorities in virtually all projects with which he was involved. In the 1930s he came to be one of the éminences grises of the Flemish National Union (Vlaams Nationaal Verbond, VNV). At first, he approved of the VNV’s collaboration with the occupying power during the Second World War, on account of his dream of Flemish independence. Because of several factors, he turned definitively away from collaboration over the course of 1942-1943. After the war, Fr. Callewaert was convicted of supporting collaboration. After a prison sentence and a forced sojourn in Switzerland, he returned to Flanders in 1950. His role in politics was now completely finished.

De bestraffing van het activisme tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog door de tuchtraad van de orde van advocaten te Antwerpen (1918-1921)

WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging ◽

10.21825/wt.v75i2.12059 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

pp. 101-146

Author(s):

Jan Verstraete

Keyword(s):

First World War ◽

Second World War ◽

World War ◽

Legal Process ◽

Geweest Zijn ◽

The First World War ◽

The World ◽

First Time ◽

Second World ◽

Over de bestraffing op tuchtrechtelijk vlak van collaboratie met de vijand tijdens WOI en WOII door de tuchtcolleges van een vrij beroep zoals de orde van advocaten er een is, bestaan bijna geen publicaties. In 2012 werd door de orde van advocaten in Antwerpen openheid van zaken gegeven voor de tuchtvervolgingen en veroordelingen die het gevolg waren van feiten gepleegd tijdens WOII. Aan de hand van de verslagboeken van de raad van de orde, zetelend als tuchtraad, konden ondertussen de procedures die na WOI tegen Antwerpse advocaten werden ingespannen voor de eerste maal grondig bestudeerd worden. Dat leverde verrassende resultaten op, niet alleen omdat aangetoond kon worden dat er een storende ongelijkheid in de bestraffing was voor zover de advocaat tijdens WOI in het zgn. Belgische kamp dan wel in het Vlaamse kamp gestaan had. Ook omdat vastgesteld kon worden dat de tuchtraad van advocaten, van dewelke toch aangenomen zou moeten worden dat hij ook toen de behoeder zou moeten geweest zijn van grondwettelijke vrijheden en correct procesverloop met respect voor de rechten van verdediging, in het eerste gerechtelijke jaar na 11 november 1918 daarmee soms zeer bediscussieerbaar omging.________The punishment of Activism during the First World War by the disciplinary board of the Antwerp Bar (1918-1921)There are almost no publications about the punishment of collaboration with the enemy during the World Wars by the disciplinary boards of liberal professions, such as bar associations. In 2012, the Antwerp Bar opened up the records concerning disciplinary proceedings and sentences that resulted from acts committed during the Second World War. On the basis of the records of the council of the Bar, sitting as a disciplinary board, the actions that were directed against Antwerp lawyers after the First World War could be studied in-depth for the first time. This produced surprising results. In part, this is because there was a demonstrable, disturbing inequality in punishment depending on whether the lawyer had stood in the so-called ‘Belgian camp’ or in the ‘Flemish camp’. In addition, we can conclude that the disciplinary board of the Bar, which we must remember was at the time also supposed to uphold constitutional freedoms and proper legal process regarding the rights of the accused, often treated these in a very debatable fashion in the first judicial year following 11 November 1918.

From the history of the military past of composer and conductor Boris Galaev

Vestnik of North-Ossetian State University ◽

10.29025/1994-7720-2020-4-39-44 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 39-44

Author(s):

Felix S. Kireev

Keyword(s):

First World War ◽

World War ◽

Documentary Sources ◽

Musical Activity ◽

Russian State ◽

The First World War ◽

History Of ◽

The Military ◽

First Time ◽

Boris Alexandrovich Galaev is known as an outstanding composer, folklorist, conductor, educator, musical and public figure. He has a great merit in the development of musical culture in South Ossetia. All the musical activity of B.A. Galaev is studied and analyzed in detail. In most of the biographies of B.A. Galaev about his participation in the First World War, there is only one proposal that he served in the army and was a bandmaster. For the first time in historiography the participation of B.A. Galaev is analyzed, and it is found out what positions he held, what awards he received, in which battles he participated. Based on the identified documentary sources, for the first time in historiography, it occured that B.A. Galaev was an active participant in the First World War on the Caucasian Front. He went on attacks, both on foot and horse formation, was in reconnaissance, maintained communication between units, received military awards. During this period, he did not have time to study his favorite music, since, according to the documents, he was constantly at the front, in the battle formations of the advanced units. He had to forget all this heroic past and tried not to mention it ever after. Therefore, this period of his life was not studied by the researchers of his biography. For writing this work, the author uses the Highest Orders on the Ranks of the Military and the materials of the Russian State Military Historical Archive (RSMHA).

Науковий вісник Чернівецького національного університету імені Юрія Федьковича Історія ◽

Western Ethnic Borderlands in the Influence of Russian-Soviet Propagangda Before and in the Years of the Second World War

10.31861/hj2017.46.32-39 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (46) ◽

pp. 32-39

Author(s):

Igor Lyubchyk

Keyword(s):

First World War ◽

Second World War ◽

World War ◽

Russian Orthodoxy ◽

The Social ◽

The First World War ◽

Post War ◽

Second World ◽

First World ◽

Russian Identity

The research issue peculiarities of wide Russian propaganda among the most Western ethnographic group – Lemkies is revealed in the article. The character and orientation of Russian and Soviet agitation through the social, religious and social movements aimed at supporting Russian identity in the region are traced. Tragic pages during the First World War were Thalrogian prisons for Lemkas, which actually swept Lemkivshchyna through Muscovophilian influences. Agitation for Russian Orthodoxy has provoked frequent cases of sharp conflicts between Lemkas. In general, attempts by moskvophile agitators to impose russian identity on the Orthodox rite were failed. Taking advantage of the complex socio-economic situation of Lemkos, Russian campaigners began to promote moving to the USSR. Another stage of Russian propaganda among Lemkos began with the onset of the Second World War. Throughout the territory of the Galician Lemkivshchyna, Soviet propaganda for resettlement to the USSR began rather quickly. During the dramatic events of the Second World War and the post-war period, despite the outbreaks of the liberation movement, among the Lemkoswere manifestations of political sympathies oriented toward the USSR. Keywords: borderlands, Lemkivshchyna, Lemky, Lemkivsky schism, Moskvophile, Orthodoxy, agitation, ethnopolitics