CAD Based Electric Transporter Path Planning and Production Storage Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm – Industrial Case Study

Štore Steel Ltd. is one of the largest flat spring steel producers in Europe. There are two production lines after rolling – one for flat bars and the other for round bars. The flat bars production generally consists of visual examination, straightening and cutting operation. In addition, heat treatment or magnetic particle testing could be conducted. On the other hand, the round bars production consists generally of straightening, automatic control line control, chamfering and cutting. In addition, heat treatment is possible. For manipulation of the material in the rolling plant, the electric transporter and several cassettes are used. In the paper path planning and production storage optimization (i.e. storage spaces for cassettes) were conducted using genetic algorithm. The production storage is actually the space between main transport passage and individual operations. In the research the universal system using CAD geometry is presented where AutoCAD environment and in-house developed AutoLISP system were used. The production storage – storage spaces for cassettes (location and orientation) with corresponding electric transporter trajectories are represented as CAD objects and thus form individual solution/organism. The organisms undergo simulated evolution. The results of the evolution are compared with actual production storage in the steel plant.

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X-ray Determination of Compressive Residual Stresses in Spring Steel Generated by High-Speed Water Quenching

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12071154 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1154

Author(s):

Diego E. Lozano ◽

George E. Totten ◽

Yaneth Bedolla-Gil ◽

Martha Guerrero-Mata ◽

Marcel Carpio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Residual Stresses ◽

High Speed ◽

Spring Steel ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Laboratory Equipment ◽

X Ray ◽

Water Chamber ◽

Hardened Case ◽

Compressive Residual Stresses

Automotive components manufacturers use the 5160 steel in leaf and coil springs. The industrial heat treatment process consists in austenitizing followed by the oil quenching and tempering process. Typically, compressive residual stresses are induced by shot peening on the surface of automotive springs to bestow compressive residual stresses that improve the fatigue resistance and increase the service life of the parts after heat treatment. In this work, a high-speed quenching was used to achieve compressive residual stresses on the surface of AISI/SAE 5160 steel samples by producing high thermal gradients and interrupting the cooling in order to generate a case-core microstructure. A special laboratory equipment was designed and built, which uses water as the quenching media in a high-speed water chamber. The severity of the cooling was characterized with embedded thermocouples to obtain the cooling curves at different depths from the surface. Samples were cooled for various times to produce different hardened case depths. The microstructure of specimens was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to estimate the magnitude of residual stresses on the surface of the specimens. Compressive residual stresses at the surface and sub-surface of about −700 MPa were obtained.

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Path Planning of Mobile Robots based on Improved Genetic Algorithm

Proceedings of the 2020 2nd International Conference on Robotics, Intelligent Control and Artificial Intelligence ◽

10.1145/3438872.3439054 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jia Liu ◽

Zhikang Chen ◽

Yunxi Zhang ◽

Weixun Li

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Path Planning ◽

Mobile Robots ◽

Improved Genetic Algorithm

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A Deep Learning Trained by Genetic Algorithm to Improve the Efficiency of Path Planning for Data Collection with Multi-UAV

IEEE Access ◽

10.1109/access.2021.3049892 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Yuwen Pan ◽

Yuanwang Yang ◽

Wenzao Li

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Deep Learning ◽

Data Collection ◽

Path Planning ◽

Multi Uav

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Raw soya-bean flour increases cholecystokinin release in man

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19870084 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 175-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

John Calam ◽

Joanna C. Bojarski ◽

Caroline J. Springer

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Trypsin Inhibitor ◽

Soya Bean ◽

The Other ◽

Oral Ingestion ◽

Pancreatic Acini ◽

Bean Flour ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Releasing Effect ◽

Cck Release

1. The aim of the present study was to determine whether oral ingestion of raw soya-bean flour, which contains trypsin inhibitors, alters the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) in man.2. Eleven healthy volunteers ate two mixed meals: one with raw soya-bean flour and the other with soya-bean flour that had been heat-treated. The two flours inhibited 34 and 3 mg trypsin/g flour respectively.3. CCK was measured in plasma using a bioassay based on the release of amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) from dispersed rat pancreatic acini.4. The peak CCK response was 168 (SE 8.1) pmol/l with raw soya-bean flour but 4.9 (SE 2.8) pmol/l with heat-treated flour (P < 0.05).5. We conclude that ingestion of raw soya-bean flour increases CCK release in man and that heat treatment which reduces the trypsin inhibitor content of the flour also diminishes its CCK-releasing effect.

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Milling Curves Influence in Ring Rolling Processes

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.622-623.956 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 622-623 ◽

pp. 956-963 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Luca Giorleo ◽

Elisabetta Ceretti ◽

Claudio Giardini

Keyword(s):

Numerical Approach ◽

The Other ◽

Ring Rolling ◽

Roll Speed ◽

Forming Process ◽

Industrial Case Study ◽

Industrial Environment ◽

Ring Shape ◽

Deformation Processes

Ring Rolling is a complex hot forming process used for the production of shaped rings, seamless and axis symmetrical workpieces. The main advantage of workpieces produced by ring rolling, compared to other technological processes, is given by the size and orientation of grains, especially on the worked surface which give to the final product excellent mechanical properties. In this process different rolls (Idle, Axial, Guide and Driver) are involved in generating the desired ring shape. Since each roll is characterized by a speed law that can be set independently by the speed law imposed to the other rolls, an optimization is more critical compared with other deformation processes. Usually, in industrial environment, a milling curve is introduced in order to correlate the Idle and Axial roll displacement, however it must be underlined that different milling curves lead to different loads and energy for ring realization. In this work an industrial case study was modeled by a numerical approach: different milling curves characterized by different Idle and Axial roll speed laws (linearly decreasing, constant, linearly increasing) were designed and simulated. The results were compared in order to identify the best milling curve that guarantees a good quality ring (higher diameter, lower fishtail) with lower loads and energy required for manufacturing.

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Design and Evaluation of Usable Systems

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193120204600332 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 367-371

Author(s):

John F. McGrew

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Change Management ◽

Management System ◽

Design Method ◽

The Other ◽

Design Team ◽

Style Analysis ◽

Decision Style ◽

Parallel Design

This paper discusses a case study of a design and evaluation of a change management system at a large Telecommunications Corporation. The design and evaluation were done using the facilitated genetic algorithm (a parallel design method) and user decision style analysis. During the facilitated genetic algorithm the design team followed the procedure of the genetic algorithm. Usability was evaluated by applying user decision style analysis to the designed system. The design is compared with an existing system and with one designed by an analyst. The change management system designed by the facilitated genetic algorithm took less time to design and decision style analysis indicated it would be easier to use than the other two systems.

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Relationship of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Er-Containing Aluminum Alloy

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.1109 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1120-1121 ◽

pp. 1109-1114

Author(s):

Xin Lei ◽

Hui Huang ◽

S.P. Wen

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Heat Treatment ◽

Aluminum Alloy ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Mg Alloys ◽

The Other ◽

Heat Treatment Process ◽

Comprehensive Performance ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Al Mg Alloys

This study investigated the mechanical properties and microstructures of Er-containing Al–Mg alloys. The research found that the H114-T sheet of Er-containing Al–Mg alloys showed a relative good comprehensive performance in mechanical properties. With the special rolling and heat treatment process, this H114-T sheet showed different morphology of microstructures with the other sheets in Er-containing Al–Mg alloys. Grains in H114-T sheet performed irregular shape polygon, a number of subgrains appeared in grains, the amount of dislocations in grains decreased. H114-T sheet possessed a lot of Copper texture, this may be one of important factors influenced the mechanical properties.

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Ethylene and Lipoxygenase In Relation to Afterripening of Dormant NC-13 Peanut Seeds1,2

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/pnut.12.1.0011 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 45-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. L. Ketring ◽

H. E. Pattee

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Cold Storage ◽

Ethylene Production ◽

Sharp Increase ◽

Gradual Increase ◽

The Other ◽

Immature Seeds ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Mature Seeds

Abstract Following harvest, peanuts are usually subjected to a period of storage. During storage biochemical changes are known to occur. The objectives of this study were to determine the changes and relationship in ethylene production, germination, and lipoxygenase (LG) activity during cold storage of dormant NC-13 peanut seeds. Two seed lots (SL) were used: one grown in Oklahoma (SL80) and the other grown in N. Carolina (SL81). SL80 and SL81 were stored at 2 to 5 C for 193 and 242 days, respectively. Samples were taken at about 28-day intervals for determination of germination, ethylene production, and LG activity. Seeds of two and three maturities were tested for SL80 and SL81, respectively. As afterripening of stored seeds proceeded, ethylene production gradually increased, with the maximum at 48 hours of germination. Germination showed a concomitant gradual increase. Lipoxygenase activity of both seedlots was less for mature than for immature seeds and showed a sharp increase during storage at 2 to 5 C, particularly for immature seeds. After heat-treatment to break dormancy of sublots from SL81, there was a progessive increase in ethylene production and germination, but most notably for mature seeds. In contrast to ethylene production and germination, after heat-treatment LG activity declined. Linear correlation coefficient (r) values between ethylene production and germination were highly significant for mature seeds from SL80 at 48 and 72 hours of germination, but only at 72 hours for immature seeds. For SL81 as for SL80, significant positive correlations were found between ethylene production and germination. However, correlations between LG activity and the other variables were not significant except for mature seeds from SL81. Significant positive correlations for both ethylene production and germination with LG activity also existed for these seeds. But after heat-treatment these correlations no longer occurred. The data indicate that the metabolic processes related to ethylene production and germination are occurring simultaneously with those of LG activity. The possibility that metabolites from LG activity serve as substrates for ethylene production can not be precluded.

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