scholarly journals Pengaruh Bahan Pengawet Boraks dan Ekstrak Tembakau terhadap Perilaku Rekatan Bambu Laminasi Perekat Polymer Isocyanate

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
I Wayan Avend Mahawan Sumawa ◽  
Ali Awaluddin ◽  
Inggar Sheptia Irawati
Keyword(s):  
Standard Testing ◽  
American Standard ◽  
Dendrocalamus Asper

Bambu Petung (Dendrocalamus asper) dengan sifat mekanik yang dapat disejajarkan dengan kayu masih sangat rentan terserang organisme perusak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisik, sifat mekaniknya, pola kerusakan bambu laminasi Petung pasca pengujian mekanik serta metode pengawetan yang efektif terkait dengan retensi pengawet. Penelitian mengacu pada Standar Nasional Indonesia dan American Standard Testing and Material dengan menguji retensi bahan pengawet, sifat fisik (kadar  air dan kerapatan) serta sifat mekanik bambu laminasi (keteguhan geser perekat dan uji lentur) hingga benda uji mencapai pembebanan maksimum (failure). Hasil uji kemudian dibandingkan antara bambu sebelum dan setelah diawetkan yang kemudian dianalisis secara statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola kerusakan balok bambu laminasi cenderung mengalami kerusakan geser horizontal pada garis rekatnya (delaminasi). Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pengawetan memiliki pengaruh yang tidak signifikan terhadap Penurunan keteguhan geser perekat. 

Biomass Ash in Concrete-Mitigation of Alkali Silica Reactions (ASRs) — Expansions with Different Opal Percentages

2008 ◽  
Vol 400-402 ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Zhen Wang ◽  
Larry Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Control Level ◽  
Powder River Basin ◽  
Alkali Silica Reaction ◽  
Biomass Ash ◽  
Quality Research ◽  
Standard Testing ◽  
American Standard ◽  
High Alkali ◽  
Powder River Basin Coal ◽  
Biomass Ashes

ASTM (American Standard Testing and Materials) C 618 prohibits use of biomass ash in concrete. This paper systematically investigates mitigation of Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) expansion of concrete by three biomass ashes (cement: biomass ash = 65: 35 by weight), and the ASR expansion is triggered by high alkali cement and opal (1-9% weight of quartz replacement). The three biomass ashes come from switchgrass or sawdust cofired with Powder River Basin coal and they cut the ASR expansion significantly below 50% of the control level; however, all three biomass ashes doubled the available alkali of the cement they replaced. Therefore, the exclusion of biomass ash in concrete by ASTM C 618 seems impropriate and more quality research on its role in mitigating ASRs expansion should be conducted.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Non-Probability Sampling Batubara terhadap Parameter Dry Ash Antara Certificate of Analysis Loading dan Unloading

Kilat ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Denny Murdany Muchsin
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Standard Testing ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
American Standard ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
The Difference

Umpire test (referee test) may be conducted by the coal supplier based on the potential loss due to the difference Certificate of Analysis (COA) in both ports (loading and unloading). The purpose of the research was to determine a comparison of COA from non-probability sampling compiled with standard. The research method used quantitative methods by collecting COA data on both ports. These data on the receipt of coal was obtained from a coal-fired steam power plant (PLTU). A Sampling at both ports was conducted by the non-probability sampling method. The assumption was determined that the sample preparation and analysis process had complied with the American Standard Testing and Material (ASTM) standards. The ratio of ash (dry basis) in both COA to its average was processed statistically by taking confidence intervals with a confidence level of 95%. This research showed that the ratio was in the range of 10.213% up to 16.793%, exceeding precision 10% as required by ASTM D2234-16. Therefore, the comparison of COA data from non-probability sampling, could not be used as a reference for the doubt of the work of independent surveyors e.g. COA unloading, then it is technically that umpire test could not be conducted by such comparison.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ADDING POLYPROPYLENE FIBER TO COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

Neutron ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Sumarno, Agung ◽  
Syafwandi ◽  
Kevin Deodatus, leonardus
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Standard Testing ◽  
Fiber Concrete ◽  
American Standard ◽  
Aggregate Composition

Concrete is one of the most frequently used materials in the construction world, concrete is generally composed of a mixture of fine aggregate composition. Coarse aggregate, water and cement. However, concrete has a weakness to the ability to withstand the flexural force, today concrete has experienced a lot of innovations, one of which is fiber concrete. Polypropylene fiber is a type of fiber that can be used as an added material in concrete. This research was conducted to determine the effect of adding polypropylene fiber on compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete. Tests in this study were carried out according to SNI (Indonesian national standard) and ASTM (American standard testing and material), from the results of the experiment of adding polypropylene fiber with variations of 0%, 1%, 1.2%, and 1.4% known to have an effect to the compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete. The highest compressive strength and flexure obtained in concrete variations of 1%. By using cylindrical and beam test specimens.

scholarly journals Kajian Pemanfaatan Serbuk Papan Sebagai Bahan Alternatif Campuran Resin Dengan Metode Pattern Hole Drying Untuk Perbaikan dan Perawatan Kapal

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽  
Muhammad Helmi ◽  
Muhammad Helmi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Standard Testing ◽  
American Standard ◽  
Tensile Strenght

Pattern hole drying merupakan salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk melakukan perawatan dan perbaikan pada kapal konvensional terutama kapal dengan bahan dasar kayu dan fiberglass. Metode ini dilakukan dengan memasukkan cairan resin dan katalis pada rongga-rongga bagian komponen konstruksi yang sudah mengalami pelapukan. Untuk meminimalisir penggunaan resin pada proses perbaikan kapal karena dikhawatirkan biaya tidak terjangkau oleh pemilik kapal maka serbuk papan akan digunakan sebagai bahan alternatif campuran resin. Sebelum metode ini diterapkan, metode ini perlu dilakukan pengujian terlebih dahulu supaya tidak mempengaruhi berkurangnya kekuatan kapal tersebut. Pengujian dilakukan dengan membuat spesimen berdasarkan standar American Standard Testing for Material (ASTM). Spesimen dilakukan uji tarik dan uji bending dengan tujuan untuk melihat nilai kekuatan dari spesimen yang dibuat dengan berbagai variasi campuran resin dan katalis. Selanjutnya hasil pengujian akan dibandingkan dengan kriteria nilai kuat tarik dan kuat tekan berdasarkan BKI Kapal Kayu dan Fiberglass. Hasil Bending Strenght memenuhi kriteria konstruksi kapal berdasarkan BKI Fiberglass sedangkan Tensile Strenght tidak ada yang memenuhi kriteria BKI Fiberglass maupun BKI Kapal Kayu. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian beberapa spesimen Bending Strenght dan Tensile Strenght diperoleh bahwa semakin banyak campuran serbuk papan maka nilai Bending Strenght semakin besar (memenuhi kriteria) sedangkan Tensile Strength semakin kecil (tidak memenuhi kriteria).

Peer assisted HIV self-testing increases positivity rates among key populations in Burundi: descriptive analysis of routine programmatic data (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Lillie ◽  
Dorica Boyee ◽  
Gloriose Kamariza ◽  
Alphonse Nkunzimana ◽  
Dismas Gashobotse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Key Populations ◽  
Standard Testing ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Treatment Standard ◽  
Self Testing

BACKGROUND In Burundi, given the low testing numbers among key populations, peer assisted HIV self-testing (HIVST) was initiated for female sex workers (FSWs), men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender people (TG) to provide another testing option. HIVST was provided by existing peer outreach workers (POWs) who were trained to provide support before, during, and after the administration of the test. People who screened reactive were referred and actively linked to confirmatory testing, and those confirmed positive were linked to treatment. Standard testing included HIV testing by clinical staff either at mobile clinics or in facilities. OBJECTIVE The objective was to improve access to HIV testing to underserved KP members, increase HIV positivity rates, and link those who were confirmed HIV positive with life-saving treatment for epidemic control. METHODS A descriptive analysis of routine programmatic data was conducted from a nine-month implementation period (June 2018-March 2019) of peer assisted HIVST among FSWs, MSM, and TG in six provinces where the USAID- and PEPFAR-funded LINKAGES Burundi project worked. Chi-squared tests were used to compare case-finding rates among individuals tested through HIVST versus standard testing. RESULTS A total of 2,198 HIVST test kits were administered (1,791 FSWs, 363 MSM, 44 TG). Three hundred and sixty-six people (17%) were reactive to HIV screening (296 FSWs, 60 MSM, 10 TG); 314 (14%) were confirmed HIV positive (257 FSWs, 47 MSM, 10 TG); and 301 (96%) (251 FSWs, 40 MSM, 10 TG) of those confirmed were initiated on treatment. HIV case-finding rates were significantly higher with HIVST compared to standard testing for FSW and MSM but not TG: FSWs (14% vs. 9%, P < .001); MSM (13% vs. 4%, P < .001); and TG (23% vs. 17%, P > .10). ART initiation rates were significantly lower for MSM confirmed HIV positive through HIVST than through standard testing (85% vs. 99%, P < .001) but not among FSWs or TG (FSWs: 98% vs. 97%, P > .10; TG: 100% vs. 100%). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the potential effectiveness of HIVST in identifying individuals who are living with HIV.

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