scholarly journals Holistic Herbs – A Natural Aresnal for Contention between Bugs and Drugs

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Causes Of Disease ◽  
Health Care Associated Infections ◽  
Health Organization

Nosocomial infections are one of the major causes of disease globally, leading to the most frequent adverse events in healthcare setups worldwide [1]. Millions of patients are affected by nosocomial infections each year globally, bringing about significant mortality and economic losses in healthcare systems. At any given time, the prevalence of health care-associated infections in developed countries varies between 3% to 15% [2]. Moreover, nosocomial infections are becoming even more complicated to treat as antibiotic resistance surfaces up. Recent reports from Centre for Disease Control (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) have indicated that nosocomial infections accounts for approximately 2 million infections and 90,000 deaths per year, out of which nearly 23% deaths are attributed to reemerging antibiotic resistant pathogens [3]. Antibiotics comprising bactericidal or bacteriostatic chemotherapeutic agents are presently the only available therapeutic option for the management and deterrence of infectious diseases. However, several drug resistant microbes are emerging as a result of continuous mutations, there by restraining the efficacy of such pharmaceuticals [4]. Over use of antibiotics imposes selective pressure on a specific population of bacteria, thereby allowing the resistant bacteria to thrive and the susceptible bacteria to die off[5].

scholarly journals Bacteriophage to Combat Biofilms in Hospital Drains

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Yijian Huang
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
World Health ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Environment Modeling ◽  
Water Control ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
Chemical Disinfectant ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractBackgroundAccording to the World Health Organization, nearly 15% of all hospitalized patients worldwide acquire nosocomial infections. A particular area of concern for bacterial build up in hospitals is sink drains. The moist, microbiologically active environment of drains promotes the formation of biofilms that are difficult to target with standard chemical disinfectants. Bacteriophages, however, show potential to be used as disinfecting agents in hospital drains. Not only do bacteriophages increase in titer as they infect, spreading to hard-to-reach surfaces, phages have been shown to degrade the extracellular matrix of biofilms and gain access to underlying bacteria. This research explores the potential of bacteriophages to eradicate biofilms in an environment modeling a sink drain by comparing the efficacy, range, and durability of bacteriophage to a chemical disinfectant.MethodsE. coli biofilms were grown in M9 minimal media placed in sink P-traps assigned one of three treatments: chemical disinfectant, bacteriophage, or deionized water (control). Biofilms were quantified at five time points -- 1, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours -- using the crystal violet assay.ResultsBoth chemical disinfectant and bacteriophage significantly decreased the optical densities of biofilms (p < 0.001***). P-traps treated with bacteriophages showed more uniform destruction of biofilm across P-trap compared to chemical disinfectant (p < 0.01**). A trend may suggest that over time bacteriophage became more effective at reducing biofilm than chemical disinfectant.ConclusionThis work highlights the potential of bacteriophage as an alternative to conventional chemical disinfectants for biofilm control in settings such as hospital drains.ImportanceNosocomial infections prolong hospital stay, costing the U.S. healthcare system $5-10 billion annually. An increasing number of reports demonstrate that sink drains -- reservoirs for multidrug resistant bacteria -- may be a source of hospital-related outbreaks. Recent studies have elucidated the mechanism of dispersal of bacteria from contaminated sinks to patients, but limited data are available identifying disinfecting methods for hospital drains. Not only did this study demonstrate that bacteriophages could reduce biofilms on sink drains just as effectively as a commercial disinfectant, it showed that phages tended to spread more thoroughly across P-traps and may work for longer. With hand-washing an imperative activity for disease prevention, hospital sinks should remain clean. This work explores an alternative disinfecting method for hospital sink drains.

April 20 to 26, 2020 – World Immunization Week

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Oksana Rybachok
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Third World

Infectious diseases in the modern world continue to claim millions of human lives despite the achievements of medicine. While in developed countries the main cause of death is cancer and diseases of the cardiovascular system, it is the infectious processes that occupy leading positions in the structure of mortality in the third world countries. About 1.7 million children die from infections that could have been avoided by vaccination according to the World Health Organization. In contrast to the countries of Western Europe, where preventive vaccinations for the population are carried out for a fee, preventive vaccination in the Russian Federation is funded by the state. Immunoprophylaxis includes not only prevention of 12 major infections included in the calendar of preventive vaccinations (diphtheria, polio, tetanus, whooping cough, tuberculosis, measles, rubella, mumps, hepatitis B, pneumococcal infections and haemophilus influenzae, influenza), but also vaccination against 17 additional infections in case of epidemiological indications.

scholarly journals Gold Nanoparticles: Can They Be the Next Magic Bullet for Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria?

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Mohammad Okkeh ◽  
Nora Bloise ◽  
Elisa Restivo ◽  
Lorenzo De Vita ◽  
Piersandro Pallavicini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
World Health ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Magic Bullet ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
Inorganic Nanomaterials ◽  
Health Organization

In 2017 the World Health Organization (WHO) announced a list of the 12 multidrug-resistant (MDR) families of bacteria that pose the greatest threat to human health, and recommended that new measures should be taken to promote the development of new therapies against these superbugs. Few antibiotics have been developed in the last two decades. Part of this slow progression can be attributed to the surge in the resistance acquired by bacteria, which is holding back pharma companies from taking the risk to invest in new antibiotic entities. With limited antibiotic options and an escalating bacterial resistance there is an urgent need to explore alternative ways of meeting this global challenge. The field of medical nanotechnology has emerged as an innovative and a powerful tool for treating some of the most complicated health conditions. Different inorganic nanomaterials including gold, silver, and others have showed potential antibacterial efficacies. Interestingly, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have gained specific attention, due to their biocompatibility, ease of surface functionalization, and their optical properties. In this review, we will focus on the latest research, done in the field of antibacterial gold nanoparticles; by discussing the mechanisms of action, antibacterial efficacies, and future implementations of these innovative antibacterial systems.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Pipeline Coordinators

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (S1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Baraldi ◽  
Olof Lindahl ◽  
Miloje Savic ◽  
David Findlay ◽  
Christine Årdal
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
World Health ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Priority List ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Global Priority ◽  
The World ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) has published a global priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to guide research and development (R&D) of new antibiotics. Every pathogen on this list requires R&D activity, but some are more attractive for private sector investments, as evidenced by the current antibacterial pipeline. A “pipeline coordinator” is a governmental/non-profit organization that closely tracks the antibacterial pipeline and actively supports R&D across all priority pathogens employing new financing tools.

scholarly journals Surgical Management of Compound Odontoma Associated with Unerupted Tooth

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pacifici ◽  
Daniele Carbone ◽  
Roberta Marini ◽  
Luciano Pacifici
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
World Health ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
World Health Organization Classification ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Compound Odontoma

Odontomas represent the most common type of odontogenic benign jaws tumors among patients younger than 20 years of age. These tumors are composed of enamel, dentine, cementum, and pulp tissue. According to the World Health Organization classification, two distinct types of odontomas are acknowledged: complex and compound odontoma. In complex odontomas, all dental tissues are formed, but appeared without an organized structure. In compound odontomas, all dental tissues are arranged in numerous tooth-like structures known as denticles. Compound odontomas are often associated with impacted adjacent permanent teeth and their surgical removal represents the best therapeutic option. A case of a 20-year-old male patient with a compound odontoma-associated of impacted maxillary canine is presented. A minimally invasive surgical technique is adopted to remove the least amount of bone tissue as far as possible.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural differences in the epidemiology of unexplained fatigue syndromes in primary care

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Skapinakis ◽  
Glyn Lewis ◽  
Venetsanos Mavreas
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
International Data ◽  
Health Organization

BackgroundUnexplained fatigue has been extensively studied but most of the samples used were from Western countries.AimsTo present international data on the prevalence of unexplained fatigue and fatigue as a presenting complaint in primary care.MethodSecondary analysis of the World Health Organization study of psychological problems in general health care. A total of 5438 primary care attenders from 14 countries were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.ResultsThe prevalence of unexplained fatigue of 1-month duration differed across centres, with a range between 2.26 (95% CI 1.17–4.33) and 15.05 (95% CI 10.85–20.49). Subjects from more-developed countries were more likely to report unexplained fatigue but less likely to present with fatigue to physicians compared with subjects from less developed countries.ConclusionsIn less-developed countries fatigue might be an indicator of unmet psychiatric need, but in more-developed countries it is probably a symbol of psychosocial distress.

scholarly journals World Health Organization Sub-Types, Initial Treatment Outcome and Prognostic Study of Unselected Adult Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia in Shanghai: An Analysis of 623 Cases

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1191-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Ma ◽  
X Wang ◽  
X Xu ◽  
G Lin
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Acute Myeloid

This study investigated the complete remission (CR) rate and survival of 623 newly diagnosed patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in Shanghai, China, classified according to World Health Organization and French–American–British criteria, and compared the differences in treatment effect with those reported in developed countries and those reported in Shanghai from 1984 to 1994. Total CR rate was 66.5%, median survival was 18 months and estimated survival at 3 years was 30.8%. The 3-year relapse rate was 55.1%. These data showed that the CR rate was similar to that achieved in studies from developed countries, but long-term survival was worse. The CR rate and survival were increased markedly compared with data previously collected in Shanghai (1984-1994). Induction chemotherapeutic regimens based on idarubicin, daunorubicin or homoharringtonine all had similar CR rates and survivals. Karyotype was the most important prognostic factor. Multilineage dysplasia in de novo AML was not an independent prognostic factor. Improvement in the long-term treatment effect in China is an important challenge for the future.

scholarly journals Mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis: a multifaceted antibiotic target

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHERINE A. ABRAHAMS ◽  
GURDYAL S. BESRA
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Supporting Cell ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mycobacterial Cell ◽  
Clinical Drugs ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Mycobacterial Cell Wall

SUMMARYMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb), the etiological agent of tuberculosis (TB), is recognized as a global health emergency as promoted by the World Health Organization. Over 1 million deathsperyear, along with the emergence of multi- and extensively-drug resistant strains ofMtb, have triggered intensive research into the pathogenicity and biochemistry of this microorganism, guiding the development of anti-TB chemotherapeutic agents. The essential mycobacterial cell wall, sharing some common features with all bacteria, represents an apparent ‘Achilles heel’ that has been targeted by TB chemotherapy since the advent of TB treatment. This complex structure composed of three distinct layers, peptidoglycan, arabinogalactan and mycolic acids, is vital in supporting cell growth, virulence and providing a barrier to antibiotics. The fundamental nature of cell wall synthesis and assembly has rendered the mycobacterial cell wall as the most widely exploited target of anti-TB drugs. This review provides an overview of the biosynthesis of the prominent cell wall components, highlighting the inhibitory mechanisms of existing clinical drugs and illustrating the potential of other unexploited enzymes as future drug targets.

scholarly journals Osteopathic correction in the treatment of pain in the lower back

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
V. O. Belash ◽  
Yu. O. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
The World ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Acute Back Pain ◽  
Health Organization

According to experts of the World Health Organization the lower back pain (LBP) prevalence in developed countries reaches the pandemic size, and it is a serious medical and socio-economic problem. Acute back pain is transformed into chronic in 10–20 % of working age patients′ cases; this causes serious psychological disorders appearing, forms painful behavior and persists even when the initial pain trigger is eliminated. Data from metaanalyses of randomized controlled trials indicate the effectiveness of the osteopathic approach in the treatment of LBP patients. At the same time the osteopathic correction is effective not only for acute pain, but also for chronic pain. A case from clinical practice is described demonstrating the possibility of osteopathic correction of a LBP patient.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effectiveness of Combined Action Antiallergic Drugs in Monotherapy of Allergic Conjunctivitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
N. G. Zumbulidze ◽  
V. M. Khokkanen ◽  
I. B. Litvin
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Conjunctivitis ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Ophthalmic Manifestations ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

According to statistical studies in recent decades, there has been an increase of allergic diseases in most countries of the world. Predisposing factors are the deterioration of the environmental situation, the total “chemicalization” of life and the forced use of drugs. Twenty years ago, the World Health Organization called the new century “the century of allergies” and the disease itself as an “epidemic”. As time has shown, these forecasts have come true: from 2001 to 2010, the number of allergic people in the world increased by 20 % and many of these patients suffer from ophthalmic manifestations of the pathology: the eyes are involved in the process in almost every second case. This is due to the fact that the eyes are directly exposed to the environment and a variety of external allergens. The most common disease of an eye-allergic nature is allergic conjunctivitis: approximately 15 % of the total population of economically developed countries suffer from it. Allergic blepharitis, eyelid dermatitis, keratitis, iritis, uveitis, retinitis and optic neuritis are much less common. The following manifestations are typical for allergic conjunctivitis: burning, lacrimation, pruritus, hyperemia of the eyelids and conjunctiva, photophobia. In the case of a transition to a chronic form, pronounced tissue changes are observed. Therefore, timely diagnosis and effective treatment certainly have a positive effect on the quality of life of the patient and the course of the disease. The treatment of patients with allergic conjunctivitis, first of all, consists in the maximum possible restriction of contact with the allergen. During desensitizing therapy, local and general drugs are used. Numerous studies have proven the advantage of targeted and effective antiallergic local therapy compared with systemic exposure. Currently used local ophthalmic antiallergic drugs belonging to various groups. The tactics of their use is determined by the acuity, severity and etiology of the process. When choosing a drug, in some cases, you should focus on the presence of substances that provide a double mechanism of action: a pronounced antihistamine activity in combination with the stabilization properties of mast cells, which has a quick and long therapeutic effect. This study evaluated efficacy of Vizallergol (olopatadin 0.2 %) application in cases of allergic conjunctivitis in 239 patients was evaluated. The medication arrested the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis in 89 % of patients, at that the mean period of treatment made 10.7 ± 0.3 days. In the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, the therapeutic efficacy of Vizallergol 0.2 % was comparable to opatanol 0.1 % and was found to be more comfortable for most patients due to the convenience of a single use.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document