Gastronomic Vocabulary in Comparative Constructions of Modern Russian Prose

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Nikolina ◽  
◽  
Zoya Yu. Petrova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Individual Author ◽  
Comparative Constructions ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Modern Russian

The article discusses metaphors and similes that include culinary vocabulary and are used in modern literary texts. The purpose of this work is to examine the functioning of comparative constructions, including images of food and drinks, in modern Russian prose. The article suggests thematic groups of the images, which are often used to characterize various objects. The results show that the most voluminous and frequent in use are names of fl our products, dairy products and cereals. The article analyses the objects of comparison, among which the most frequent are the units associated with the image of a person, his/her appearance, emotions and behavior. There is a tendency to specify and detail the images of food and drinks in the composition of comparative structures, which is manifested in the regular use of specifi c names and qualifying definitions. It is shown that gastronomic comparative constructions perform various functions in modern literary texts: a characterological function, an evaluative function and a text-forming one. It is concluded that modern Russian prose presents both traditional metaphors and similes of the groups under consideration, as well as their individual author transformations and new, original tropes.

Staphylococcus aureus: Production of Extracellular Compounds and Behavior in Foods - A Review

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGARET I. HALPIN-DOHNALEK ◽  
ELMER H. MARTH
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Red Meats

Growth of Staphylococcus aureus is accompanied by production of such extracellular compounds as hemolysins, nuclease, coagulase, lipase, and enterotoxins. Enterotoxins that can cause food poisoning are produced by about one-third of the coagulase-positive strains of S. aureus. The enterotoxins are a heterogeneous group of heat-stable, water-soluble, single-chain globular proteins having a molecular weight between 28,000 and 35,000 daltons. Production of enterotoxin by appropriate strains of S. aureus is affected by the nutritional quality and pH of the substrate, temperature, atmosphere, sodium chloride (and hence water activity), other chemicals, and competing microorganisms. Outbreaks of staphylococcal food poisoning most often are associated with processed red meats, poultry products (especially chicken salad), sauces, dairy products (especially cheeses), and custard- or cream-filled bakery products. Ham and associated products often are involved in as many as 30% of outbreaks of staphylococcal food poisoning. Most outbreaks result from the combined effects of contamination of the food, often through unsanitary handling, with S. aureus and holding the food at the wrong temperature thus allowing growth and synthesis of enterotoxin by the pathogen.

scholarly journals Interaction of comparative struc­tu­res and their elements in modern russian prose

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Nikolina ◽  
Zoya Yu. Petrova ◽  
Natalya A. Fateeva
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Multiple Images ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Comparative Constructions ◽  
Semantic Interaction ◽  
Modern Russian

The article explores the interaction of comparative constructions in modern prose. The main objective of the study is to determine the types of interaction between metaphors and similes in the texts of modern Russian prose. The material of the study is the works of Buida, Vodolazkin, Ivanov, Ilichevsky, Matveeva, Pelevin, Rubina, Slavnikova, Sokolov, Sorokin, and Stepnova. The authors employed the methods of description, comparison and the struc­tural-semantic analysis and also took into account the semantic field organisation of lexical units. The article distinguishes between formal and semantic interaction of metaphors and similes. The most obvious manifestation of the formal interaction is the reversibility of tropes. Semantic interaction is based on the semantic coordination of elements of comparative con­structions based on predicate-actant relations or involves a combination of metaphors and similes in the text based on various relations between elements of the same semantic field. Along with the indicated types of interaction, the article describes cases of multiple images of one depicted object and representation of different objects in a unified figurative way. These cases are characterized as a special type of interaction of comparative tropes. The article high­lights the main source domains of interacting tropes. The most frequent semantic classes of metaphors and similes used in interaction contexts are anthropomorphic, zoomorphic and culinary images. In addition to them, mechanistic (including computer), scientific and theat­rical metaphors and similes have been identified. The article shows that the interaction of tropes can be intertextual in a literary text. It is concluded that modern Russian prose is characterized by the interaction of metaphors and similes of different types. This interaction is often associated with the presence of contrast, contextual synonymy, the ‘genus — species’ relation between images of comparative constructions in a text.

Functions of Borrowings in the Russian Argot

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Gulnara Lisina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
College Level ◽  
Russian Speakers ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Social Linguistics ◽  
Modern Russian

The article explores and describes the functions of borrowings which, at different time peri-ods, entered the argot of Russian fringe population groups. The main purpose of the study is to present a systematizing critical review of the existing literature on the functions of argot and to describe the characteristic features of borrowed argotisms found in Russian literary texts as well as Russian explanatory, etymological, and foreign word dictionaries. The author uses the methods of description and comparison, the comparative method, and the opposition method. Since the general criminal argot, the specialized argot, and the prison argot are rich in their forms and functionality, they perform a number of important tasks, and gradually pene-trate into literary speech. Thus a careful study of their functions helps to explain some of the linguistic realities of the modern Russian language and throws a fresh light on the psychology of native Russian speakers. After analyzing a diverse body of sources, the author identifies sixteen separate functions of borrowed words that are common for the general, specialized, and prison argot, namely: service, secret, identification, nominative, worldview, expressive, utilitarian, communicative, signaling, magic, pseudo-aesthetic, agitation, and game function as well as the function of gender determinism, the function of intimidation, and, finally the function of stylistic characterization of literary characters through their speech. The results of the research can be used in college-level courses of modern Russian for law and language students, in special courses in social linguistics and cultural studies as well as in language and public speaking courses in schools and universities.

scholarly journals The Specificity of Functioning of Winged Expressions in the Poetry of Dmitry Bykov

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-478
Author(s):  
Elena I. Zykova
Keyword(s):  
Public Figure ◽  
Artistic Style ◽  
European Literature ◽  
Individual Author ◽  
Complex Image ◽  
Poetic Work ◽  
Modern Russian

The article deals with the specific features of the functioning of winged expressions in the poetry of Dmitry Bykov. Analyzing the poetic work of Dmitry Lvovich Bykov, a modern Russian writer, poet, public figure, publicist, it is impossible not to notice that the poet uses a winged language arsenal in all its diversity. These are biblical winged words and quotations ( мафусаилов век, ищите и обрящете, геенна огненная ), quotations from works, Russian and European literature ( Через четыре года здесь будет город-сад! Прощай, свободная стихия! Офелия, О нимфа! Помяни грехи мои в молитвах! ), winged words, dating back to antiquity ( Жребий брошен! белая ворона ), quotes from modern and Soviet songs ( Я люблю тебя жизнь и надеюсь, что это взаимно! ). In addition, the question of the specific stylistic functions of winged expressions, which Dmitry Bykov uses in his poetry, is considered. Among the most significant and most frequent and expressive can be distinguished satirical and compositional functions. In Russia, Dmitry Bykov is known as a writer, a satirist poet, writing mainly on acute political and socially significant topics. Therefore, it is completely understandable why one of the favorite winged words functions that he uses is depathetic. An important artistic language means in D. Bykovs poetic satire is his authors transformations of winged expressions. In the poetry of Dmitry Bykov, you can find the use of almost the whole range of individual-author transformations. Both semantic and structural-semantic. Dmitry Bykov is a master of a deep, complex image. In his poems, he creates complex allegories, his images are metaphorical, full of sarcasm. And in order to reach this depth of the image, the author most often uses not one, but several methods of transforming winged words within one context, which is, in our opinion, another specific feature of the writer's artistic style.

scholarly journals Semantic structure of comparative constructions by the object of comparison (as exemplified in the collection of short stories „Bread and chocolate” by M. Dochynets)

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
N. M. Syzonenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Comparative Constructions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Stylistic Function

For a literary text, the use of comparative constructions is extremely important, because, in such a way, a writer shows his own worldview, subjective and evaluative attitude to the facts and phenomena of objective reality, figuratively and expressively specifying the distinctive features of a particular image. The topicality of the research is determined by the fact that comparative constructions are widely represented in the collection of short stories by M. Dochynets „Bread and Chocolate”, that is why they have become the subject of scientific research. The aim of the article is to analyze the semantic structure of comparative constructions by the object of comparison as a manifestation of the writer’s individual style. The factual material made it possible to divide the comparative constructions into seven lexical-semantic fields (LSF): „man”, „animate nature”, „man-made objects”, „inanimate nature”, „sensory feelings”, „time”, „demoniac creatures”. The structure of the LSF „man” includes the following constituents: names of personalities, somatisms, biblical expressions, features of the object; the LSF „animate nature” is represented by three lexical-semantic groups (LSG) – names of flora, zoonyms, ornithonyms. The components of the LSF „man-made objects” are the following LSGs: names of everyday objects, names of the parts of a building, the materials for construction, names of transport; the LSF „inanimate nature” – names of substances and materials, names of natural phenomena, locatives, hydronyms. The LSF „sensory feelings” includes three LSG – sounds, smells, taste. The LSF „time” and „demoniac creatures” are homogeneous in their structure and do not require differentiation into LSG. The distinguished comparative constructions by the object of comparison are interpreted as individually author’s ones and require further research. The analysis of comparative constructions by the subject and feature of comparison, the determination of their stylistic function in the author’s literary texts, in particular in the collection of short stories „Bread and Chocolate” are considered as an advanced research direction.

scholarly journals Transonymization of toponym Chernobyl in the Ukrainian poetic discourse

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Julia Brailko
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Nuclear Explosion ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Temporal Semantics ◽  
Poetic Discourse ◽  
Individual Author ◽  
Associative Connection ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Individual

The article analyzes the phenomenon of transonymization of the toponym Chernobyl in the Ukrainian use and poetic discourse. It is proved that according to the traditional metonymic model ‘place [city] of event → event’ a homonymous chrononym is formed, in particular such its variety as catastrophony or excithonym (name of world catastrophe) as a more narrow variant. It is emphasized that researchers of semantic-associative development of the onym Chernobyl did not discover the phenomenon of transonymization. It is stated that both the toponym Chernobyl and the chrononym, which is formed as a result of transonymy, exist in the Ukrainian poetic discourse. The peculiarities of their paradigmatics are revealed. In particular, the use of the oikonym Chernobyl is accompanied by the following semantic increments ‘a place of accident, danger’, ‘an uninhabited / abandoned city’, ‘an exclusion / disaster zone’, ‘radiation’, ‘life’, ‘death’. In literary texts, the catastrophony Chernobyl clearly reveals temporal semantics with the help of temporal prepositions or comparison with the temporal lexeme. This onym shows a strong associative connection with death, sometimes actualizing the semes, which testify to the closeness of its referent with the corresponding natural elements ‘fire’, ‘wind’. The chrononym Chernobyl also reveals the meaning of a large-scale all-Ukrainian or global disaster, often used with other excitonyms, combined with the meaning of ‘nuclear explosion’. In the poetic discourse, the case of further transonymization of the catastrophony Chornobyl, from which the corresponding zoonym is formed, is revealed, as well as the noticeable movement of this chrononym in the direction of pragmatonymy. The writers use a step-by-step individual-authorial unfolding of the semantics of the onym Chornobyl, accompanied by the obligatory sacralization or, conversely, demonization of its referent. On the example of the onym Chernobyl we can observe the connection of poetic discourse with the usual tendencies of transonymization, which gives grounds to reveal the specifics of the individual-author approach to the creation of new proper names in this way.

Ivan the Terrible as a Carolingian ­Renaissance Prince

2020 ◽  
pp. 299-312
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
European History ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Ivan The Terrible ◽  
Modern Russian

This chapter cites Michael Cherniavsky's imaginative and original but unconvincing attempt to align the image of Ivan the Terrible with literary ruler images and actual rulers in contemporary, sixteenth-century Western Europe. It aligns Muscovy with European history and suggests that the most appropriate comparison for the Muscovy of Ivan IV is early medieval, rather than early modern, Western Europe. It also details the type of evidence that Cherniavsky used on what are generally called “literary” texts from Ivan's reign and the period immediately following. The chapter explains how the assertion that Muscovite political ideas were independent of religion and contradicts many of Cherniavsky's own conclusions leads to a very distorted view of early modern Russian political culture. It talks about comparisons of Carolingian Europe and Muscovy that inevitably produce the impression that Muscovy was “backward.”

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document