scholarly journals Features of the hydrological regime and channel processes on the Iltsya river (Chornyy Cheremosh basin)

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Kosteniuk
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Channel Formation ◽  
Channel Processes ◽  
Channel Process ◽  
Geological Conditions

This publication analyzes the features of the hydrological regime and channel processes of the Iltsya River, based on regular observations and during the expedition trip in June 2019.The schemes of basin distribution and geomorphological zoning of the studied object, curves of connection of water consumption and levels Q = f (H), graphs of the course of maximum, average and minimum water levels, and also cross sections on key sites are presented in the work. Conditions of channel formation of natural watercourses are a complex and multilateral process which is closely connected with natural features of the territory of their basin.The main factors of the natural channel process are the geological structure of the area, sediment flow and grain size. These factors are key, however, the processes of channel formation are also influenced by additional factors that are temporary or local in nature. At the same time, we should not forget about the influence of the anthropogenic factor, the results of which for the basins of small rivers can sometimes even dominate for some time over the main ones mentioned above. All these factors not only affect the channel process, but also difficult to interact with each other. The geological structure, including the lithology of rocks, as well as the relief of the territory, have a direct impact on the shape of the valley, the longitudinal profile, the composition of channel-forming sediments, and hence the stability of the channel. Water runoff is the main active factor that depends on the hydrological regime of the river and determines its water content and size. The nature of the sediments and their regime is a factor that determines the rate and direction of vertical and horizontal deformations of the channel. The object of our study - is the river Iltsya, a small left tributary of the ChornyyCheremosh, which is characterized by specific geological conditions, and therefore significantly different from other small rivers in the region, including neighboring tributaries of the main river (ChornyyCheremosh). The second feature of the studied river is that the lower part of its basin is located within the Vorokhta-Putilsky ancient terraced lowlands, while the sources are formed within the Pokutsko-Bukovynian Carpathians, which in turn determines a certain specificity in the formation of its channel. This geological and geomorphological feature of the Iltsya river basin distinguishes it among numerous similar small rivers of this region of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Summarizing all the above, we have made some conclusions, the basin of the river Iltsya is currently little studied, both in terms of hydrological regime, channel processes and geomorphological studies, although in fact it is quite interesting and not typical of project, which raises many questions that require more detailed study. The presence of a long series of observations, allows us to identify general tendencies to the gradual incision of the channel in the area of the hydropost, although with little intensity. Visual inspection showed more manifestations of horizontal transformations associated with the movement of alluvial ridges and erosion of the shores. The greatest feature of the Iltsya river basin is the polymorphic formation of its channel system, because within the Vorokhta-Putil lowlands the river Iltsya and VelykyiRosysh occupy a wide valley of the ancient pliocene river, and this nuance has the greatest influence on the nature of riverbeds within its limits.

scholarly journals Climate indicators of changes in hydrological characteristics (a case of the Psyol river basin)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
River Basin ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Hydrological Characteristics

Formulation of the problem. A national climate program, complying with the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, is aimed at long-term adaptation measures to climate change, providing for the development of legislation in the field of environmental protection, sectoral strategies, improving air and water quality. These measures require identification of climatic factors’ impact on hydrological characteristics of water bodies in any area in order to protect and improve them, as well as a comprehensive approach to the rational management of water resources. Analysis of previous research. Using mathematical models of atmospheric circulation allows us to obtain generalized calculations of the average global and regional air temperature, characterized by significant errors in case of different models. Problems of further research. Modern changes in climatic conditions in Ukraine are characterized by locality and rapidity: increasing number of anomalous atmospheric phenomena, frequency of droughts, dry winds which, according to preliminary estimates, may lead to reduction of water resources, changes in internal annual redistribution of water temperature and runoff against the background of increasing thermal resources of the territory. The purpose. The article analyses climatic indicators’ influence on the main hydrological characteristics on the example of the Psyol river basin within Ukraine. Research methods. Research methods are presented by statistical and cartographic analysis (correlation analysis method). The initial information is the results of observations contained in the State Climate Cadastre and the State Water Cadastre for the Dnieper Valley. Presentation of the main research material. Analysis of climate change in the Psyol river basin indicates a decrease in water consumption, both in the main river of the basin and in its main tributaries. In addition to changes in temperature and humidity, the reasons for this process were the shifts that occurred in the nature of the intra-annual distribution of the runoff. During the late XX – early XXI century the share of spring floods decreased due to the reduced period of ice phenomena and corresponding decrease in the thickness of the snow cover on the rivers. As a result, the most important component of the annual runoff of rivers began to decrease rapidly. The role of groundwater in the formation of water runoff increased against the background of a predominant decrease in precipitation. This is especially true for medium-size and small rivers, subject to significant anthropogenic pressure: over-regulation of channels, creation of artificial lakes, their shallowing. Practical value. Based on the main provisions of the national environmental policy of Ukraine on the use of water resources and the implementation of European principles of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60 / EC (ERVD) the study of changes in hydrological regime of rivers is of practical importance for sustainable management. Research results. The study of the impact of changes in climatic indicators on hydrological characteristics makes it possible to determine the reference conditions and classes of ecological status of rivers under conditions of anthropogenic pressure against the background of further changes in climatic indicators that will have different trends.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of annual internal distribution of small rivers’ runoff (on example of the Udy river)

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Internal Distribution ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Annual Distribution ◽  
Main Material

Formulation of the problem. Water is the basis of life and, therefore, the questions regarding the definition of annual runoff distribution as a whole in Kharkiv region and in the context of individual river basins remain actual. The study of the domestic annual runoff is due to the fact that the Udy River basin belongs to the poorly watered areas, and in recent years climate change leads to a decrease in drainage during the year, including seasonal runoff changes, which may cause water supply problems in the economic sphere. The purpose of the article is to study modern features of the annual distribution of the water runoff of the Udy River basin. Presenting main material. The article deals with the peculiarities of the formation and changes in the annual flow of the river Udy basin for 35 years (1991-2015). Having analyzed the average monthly water consumption in the Udy basin, it can be noted that the annual distribution of drainage for this period is close to all rivers - typical spring flood (March), summer (August, September) and winter (December, January) months. However, the share of spring water in the Udy basin in the annual volume of drainage has decreased and the supply of rivers has changed. In connection with climatic changes, namely, the decrease in winter rainfall, there was an increase in the share of underground supply which contributed to its alignment with the share of snow intra-annual distribution. Conclusions. Having studied annual distribution of the river basin’s flow in the Udy River, it has been found that the share of spring water in the annual volume of drainage decreased from 42-36 to 36-25 %. In recent years, there has been less precipitation in winter and, therefore, snow supply is not prevailing, and there is an increase in the share of underground supply.

scholarly journals Влияние изменений климата на гидрологический режим реки Амур

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Makhinov ◽  
V.I. Kim
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Amur River Basin ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Amur River ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
River Bed ◽  
The Amur River

Рассматривается преобразование гидрологического режима р. Амур, обусловленное глобальным потеплением климата в регионе. На основе проведенного в ИВЭП ДВО РАН анализа трендов температуры воздуха и количества атмосферных осадков на метеостанциях в разных частях бассейна Амура с длительными рядами наблюдений оценены темпы изменений основных метеорологических параметров. Установлено, что на климатические изменения наиболее заметно реагируют амплитуда максимальных годовых уровней воды, активность русловых процессов и смещение сроков ледовых явлений. Они происходят на фоне антропогенного воздействия, роль которого наиболее существенна на локальных участках. Показано, что изменение гидрологического режима в бассейне реки Амур увеличит риск опасных природных процессов в дальневосточном регионе.The transformation of hydrological regime of the Amur River caused by the global warming in the region is considered. Based on the conducted by the IWEP of FEB of RAS analysis of the air temperature and precipitation amount trends at the meteorological stations in different parts of the Amur River basin with longtime series of observations, the rates of changing the basic meteorological parameters were evaluated. It has been established that the amplitude of the maximum annual water levels, activity of the river bed evolution and drift of ice phenomena times react more noticeably to the climatic changes. They come against the background of the anthropogenic impact a role of which is most critical at the local sections. It was shown that a change in the hydrological regime in the Amur River basin will enhance a risk of the dangerous natural processes in the Far-Eastern region.

scholarly journals The trends in the main thalweg path of selected reaches of the Middle Vistula River, and their relationships to the geological structure of river channel zone

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 554-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Falkowski ◽  
Piotr Ostrowski ◽  
Marek Bogucki ◽  
Dariusz Karczmarz
Keyword(s):  
Geological Structure ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
River Engineering ◽  
Channel Processes ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Alluvial Deposits

Abstract Research carried out by the authors’ team in the valleys of many rivers in the Polish Lowlands has shown that the contemporary morphodynamics of channel zones is highly influenced by protrusions of erosion-resistant sub-alluvial bedrock. The article presents the results of analysis of two reaches of the Middle Vistula: near Solec nad Wisłą (km 330-340) and Gołąb (km 382-388), where such protrusions have been found. At each of them, two series of bathymetric measurements were carried out during medium and low water levels in the river channel. The measurements were made using hydrographic sets integrated with a GNSS receiver. The first series of measurements was carried out in July 2004, and the second one in September 2016. In parallel with the bathymetric surveys, low-altitude aerial photographs were taken in 2016 to document the morphology of the channel zone and the condition of the river engineering structures. A comparison of the obtained bathymetric maps shows a high correspondence between the thalweg line from 2004 and that observed twelve years later. This phenomenon proves the significance of the bedrock relief beneath the modern alluvial deposits for the water flow process in the channel. The relief causes the flow to concentrate in specific zones so strongly that it contributes to the damage of river engineering structures that put limits on the channel processes. This trend of concentrating the main thalweg is also accompanied by the diversity of depositional environments of river channel facies, identified along the studied reaches.

The main principles and results of pollution monitoring of sediments in the river basin

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
B. Korzhenevsky ◽  
Gleb Tolkachev ◽  
Nikolay Kolomiycev
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Volga River Basin ◽  
Ivankovo Reservoir ◽  
Selection Of

The problems of modern geological ecology associated with the study of pollution of sediments of water bodies by heavy metals are considered. The Volga River basin is quite heterogeneous, both in geomorphological and hydrological terms, and in thechnogenical development and usage. A fourrank taxonomy is presented for the selection of sites for monitoring, based on a combination of natural, landscape, climatic and thechnogenical factors. To the largest – the highest taxon – sites of the Ist category – bowls of reservoirs with the slopes and the urban zones, industrial and agricultural structures located within them are carried. Within these areas are allocated to smaller taxa, areas category IInd are the industrial and urban zones, areas category IIIrd are the small rivers without significant contamination and areas category IVth to conduct special observations. The examples of special observations in the study of the annual migration of heavy metals in the system «bottom sediments – water column» on the Ivankovo reservoir are highlighted. The investigations were carried out under the conditions of the standard flow rate for this reservoir and in the conditions of slow water exchange.

scholarly journals Flood Inundation Assessment in the Low-Lying River Basin Considering Extreme Rainfall Impacts and Topographic Vulnerability

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 896
Author(s):  
Thanh Thu Nguyen ◽  
Makoto Nakatsugawa ◽  
Tomohito J. Yamada ◽  
Tsuyoshi Hoshino
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Inundation Area ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Inundation Duration ◽  
Short Time

This study aims to evaluate the change in flood inundation in the Chitose River basin (CRB), a tributary of the Ishikari River, considering the extreme rainfall impacts and topographic vulnerability. The changing impacts were assessed using a large-ensemble rainfall dataset with a high resolution of 5 km (d4PDF) as input data for the rainfall–runoff–inundation (RRI) model. Additionally, the prediction of time differences between the peak discharge in the Chitose River and peak water levels at the confluence point intersecting the Ishikari River were improved compared to the previous study. Results indicate that due to climatic changes, extreme river floods are expected to increase by 21–24% in the Ishikari River basin (IRB), while flood inundation is expected to be severe and higher in the CRB, with increases of 24.5, 46.5, and 13.8% for the inundation area, inundation volume, and peak inundation depth, respectively. Flood inundation is likely to occur in the CRB downstream area with a frequency of 90–100%. Additionally, the inundation duration is expected to increase by 5–10 h here. Moreover, the short time difference (0–10 h) is predicted to increase significantly in the CRB. This study provides useful information for policymakers to mitigate flood damage in vulnerable areas.

scholarly journals Comparison between electrical resistivity tomography and tunnel seismic prediction 303 methods for detecting the water zone ahead of the tunnel face: A case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1094-1104
Author(s):  
Nima Dastanboo ◽  
Xiao-Qing Li ◽  
Hamed Gharibdoost
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Electrical Tomography ◽  
Tunnel Face ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Seismic Prediction

AbstractIn deep tunnels with hydro-geological conditions, it is paramount to investigate the geological structure of the region before excavating a tunnel; otherwise, unanticipated accidents may cause serious damage and delay the project. The purpose of this study is to investigate the geological properties ahead of a tunnel face using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and tunnel seismic prediction (TSP) methods. During construction of the Nosoud Tunnel located in western Iran, ERT and TSP 303 methods were employed to predict geological conditions ahead of the tunnel face. In this article, the results of applying these methods are discussed. In this case, we have compared the results of the ERT method with those of the TSP 303 method. This work utilizes seismic methods and electrical tomography as two geophysical techniques are able to detect rock properties ahead of a tunnel face. This study shows that although the results of these two methods are in good agreement with each other, the results of TSP 303 are more accurate and higher quality. Also, we believe that using another geophysical method, in addition to TSP 303, could be helpful in making decisions in support of excavation, especially in complicated geological conditions.

Analysis of Metallogenic Conditions of Geothermal Resources in Heiyu Lake of Daqing

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2472-2477
Author(s):  
Yu Chun Bai ◽  
Yong Li Li ◽  
Fu Li Qi ◽  
Feng Long Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Lake Zone ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Geothermal Drilling ◽  
Geological Background

Heiyu Lake zone of Daqing is located in the southwest hollow borderland of Heiyu Lake and on the arching transitional zone of Daqing placanticline. Based on the geological background of Heiyu Lake, this paper analyzes the landform, the regional geological structure, the formation lithology and the irruptive rock and other metallogenic conditions in detail. The indispensable geological conditions for forming geothermal field in layers were summed up. Combining with the development characteristics and geophysical data of formation, the bore hole site of geothermal well and target stratum were ascertained. The four major elements of forming geothermal resources in this region were confirmed by carrying out geothermal drilling.

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