Scientific Herald of Chernivtsi University. Geography - Scientific Herald of Chernivtsi University : Geography
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Published By Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University
Research of holocene soils in the territory of the National historical and cultural reserve "Hetman's capital" in Baturyn, Chernihiv region
Nowadays, cultural monuments deserve increasing attention. A comprehensive study of archeological complexes enables us to more accurately reproduce the conditions of formation and evolution of ancient society. In recent decades, archaeological sites have been investigated using archeology and paleogeography methods to reconstruct the character of landscape changes in the study area. Among such historical and archeological complexes is the famous city of Baturin, which holds a special place for deep and comprehensive study. Less than half a century later, having traveled from a small outpost on the northeastern border of the Commonwealth to the hetman's capital, Baturin died in the flames of the Northern War in the same short period of time. Tragedy of 1708 made Baturin not only a national shrine, but also a reference archaeological monument of the Cossack era, a cultural layer whose level of saturation and informativeness is unmatched. The inter-river basin of the Desna and the Seimas, which is geographically included in the Baturin Family, is one of the most important watersheds of the Dnieper North Left Bank, and the Seim River itself is a kind of natural border between the forest-steppe and forest zones. The territory where Baturin originated had a number of significant advantages. Baturin is located on the edge of the high terrace of the Diet. It is the only such elevated area of the left bank terrace of the Diet in its lower stream, which allowed to control virtually all of its basin. ancient times, which, combined with the wide floodplain of the Seimas with its opportunities for the development of livestock, fishing, hunting, created optimal conditions for economic activity of the population. During paleopedological research it was established that in the territory of the study in the catenary of soils with artifacts of the Bronze Age developed soils of meadow and forest-meadow genesis with well-formed humus horizons close to meadow-sod and alluvial-sod zones of temperate, but temperate climate. In the clearing of the shaft, the findings of the early Iron Age are confined to the surface of the humus horizon of the sod of slightly podzolic soils, formed in the conditions of meadow-steppe landscapes of temperate climate, less humid than the modern (background) soil. In the XVII-XVIII centuries. In the Polissya conditions, meadow-forest landscapes became widespread. In the soils on the high grass meadows there were conditions for the accumulation of organic matter, which made it possible to form well-defined humus horizons and the processes of sod genesis were quite pronounced. Turf-slightly podzolic ash-sandy sandy loamy and sandy soils of the XVII-XVIII centuries had well-defined humus horizons, and often were deeply humus, which provided for their agricultural use with ease of machining. The proximity of a fairly powerful river, as well as the spread of forests (as timber for business purposes), increased the possibility of comfortable living conditions in this area. In the XVIII-XX centuries. Opportunities for cultivation of soils with fertilizers have emerged and soils of clearing № 5,7,8 are characterized by high and deep (almost all over the profile) humus. They are an example of human influence on the cultivation of land and landscapes. In the floodplains, alluvial-marsh silt soils, enriched with the content of Fe and Mn hydroxides, often formed the basis for the development of iron-smelting production in the territories close to Baturin. In the low and high floodplains of the Diet, the formation of sediments was associated with alluvial processes (floods, alluvial sands) and aerial ones (sands, dunes). Among modern Baturin soils (background), typical sod-medium- and highly podzolic, as opposed to the predominance of slightly podzolic sod, aszed alluvial-meadow and alluvial-sod soils are identified. The terraces are characterized by the development of sod, sod-alluvial and sod-swamp soils (the latter on floodplains).
This publication analyzes the features of the hydrological regime and channel processes of the Iltsya River, based on regular observations and during the expedition trip in June 2019.The schemes of basin distribution and geomorphological zoning of the studied object, curves of connection of water consumption and levels Q = f (H), graphs of the course of maximum, average and minimum water levels, and also cross sections on key sites are presented in the work. Conditions of channel formation of natural watercourses are a complex and multilateral process which is closely connected with natural features of the territory of their basin.The main factors of the natural channel process are the geological structure of the area, sediment flow and grain size. These factors are key, however, the processes of channel formation are also influenced by additional factors that are temporary or local in nature. At the same time, we should not forget about the influence of the anthropogenic factor, the results of which for the basins of small rivers can sometimes even dominate for some time over the main ones mentioned above. All these factors not only affect the channel process, but also difficult to interact with each other. The geological structure, including the lithology of rocks, as well as the relief of the territory, have a direct impact on the shape of the valley, the longitudinal profile, the composition of channel-forming sediments, and hence the stability of the channel. Water runoff is the main active factor that depends on the hydrological regime of the river and determines its water content and size. The nature of the sediments and their regime is a factor that determines the rate and direction of vertical and horizontal deformations of the channel. The object of our study - is the river Iltsya, a small left tributary of the ChornyyCheremosh, which is characterized by specific geological conditions, and therefore significantly different from other small rivers in the region, including neighboring tributaries of the main river (ChornyyCheremosh). The second feature of the studied river is that the lower part of its basin is located within the Vorokhta-Putilsky ancient terraced lowlands, while the sources are formed within the Pokutsko-Bukovynian Carpathians, which in turn determines a certain specificity in the formation of its channel. This geological and geomorphological feature of the Iltsya river basin distinguishes it among numerous similar small rivers of this region of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Summarizing all the above, we have made some conclusions, the basin of the river Iltsya is currently little studied, both in terms of hydrological regime, channel processes and geomorphological studies, although in fact it is quite interesting and not typical of project, which raises many questions that require more detailed study. The presence of a long series of observations, allows us to identify general tendencies to the gradual incision of the channel in the area of the hydropost, although with little intensity. Visual inspection showed more manifestations of horizontal transformations associated with the movement of alluvial ridges and erosion of the shores. The greatest feature of the Iltsya river basin is the polymorphic formation of its channel system, because within the Vorokhta-Putil lowlands the river Iltsya and VelykyiRosysh occupy a wide valley of the ancient pliocene river, and this nuance has the greatest influence on the nature of riverbeds within its limits.
The travel industry is a complex system with diverse economic links. It brings together a large number of industries whose function is to meet the growing demand for tourism products and services. Moreover, world trends in tourism development indicate that its role is growing both locally and globally. To confirm, if we look at individual indicators using the analytical method, according to the International Tourism Organization, the share of tourism in world GDP is about 9% and about 30% in world exports of services and 6% of world trade. The tourism industry employs more than 235 million people or every 12-th worker. If in 2015 about 983 million foreign tourists used the services of the tourist industry, in 2017 their number reached 1 billion. World Tourism Turnover by the end of 2018 reached over $ 1.2 trillion. USA (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/). It is estimated that Western Europe and the United States receive the highest profits from tourism. Taking a closer look at the characteristics of these indicators, it should be noted that during the period 2014-2018, the share of direct revenues from tourism activity in the structure of GDP production increased slightly from 1.42% to 1.44% respectively over the years. At the same time, in recent years, the total contribution of tourism to the GDP of the country has significantly increased, more than twice or by 97.6 billion, indicating that the tourism industry is gaining importance for the development of the economy and social sphere of Ukraine. By region, the largest number of tourism enterprises is located in Kyiv, Odesa, Lviv and Dnipropetrovsk regions; the smallest number is in Luhansk, Kherson and Zhytomyr regions (Ukraine). Most European countries have a good tourist image, a long tradition of quality tourism services, making extensive use of marketing tools to promote tourism services. Being located in the center of Europe and possessing the potential of tourist attraction, Ukraine has every opportunity to become its tourist center. However, in the current context, our country holds a small share of the world and European inbound tourism market, mainly serving as a tourist supplier to these markets, which means an outflow of funds from the country. Among the problems of development of the sphere of tourist services are following: 1) the political situation in the country; 2) poor information promotion; 3) inconsistency of the quality characteristics of the provision of tourist services; 4) inconsistency of legal regulation; 5) lack of a consistent state policy in the field of tourism; 6) poor quality of transport in the country; 7) domestic tourism. To continue the transformation, the Tourism and Resort Development Strategy for the period up to 2026 was approved. In the long term, the economic effect of the strategic goals of tourism market development will be reflected in the increase of tax revenues from all levels of tourism activity, increase of tourist flows, especially of foreign citizens, attraction of foreign investments in development of tourism infrastructure, creation of new jobs, increase in the volume of tourist services provided. As a consequence, creating systemic and complex transformations in the tourist services market will help accelerate the country's economic growth.
The creative work of Dr. Myron Korduba (1876 - 1947) in the geography of the population of Bukovina in the early twentieth century is analyzed. Scientists are given a thorough comprehensive geographical assessment of the population of the region, studied the levels of education of the inhabitants of Bukovina, the structure of employment and its distribution by major social strata. The boundaries of the Ukrainian and Romanian "ethnographic territories" of Bukovina are clearly delineated as a basis for establishing appropriate state borders. With the arrival of Chernivtsi at the turn of the century and employment in the Second Academic Gymnasium, a young, full of energy Dr. Myron Korduba plunged into the whirlpool of active socio-political life. He had clearly expressed Ukrainian-centric state views, which he vigorously defended and scientifically substantiated. Therefore, it seems quite natural that his increased attention to politico-geographical and geopolitical research, important areas of which we have considered earlier. A significant place in the creative work of the scientist, of course, is also occupied by geographical and pedagogical developments. Studying the work of a scientist in the geography of the population of Bukovina, we should pay attention to the extremely valuable for the study of problems of regional development - analysis-review of Myron Korduba on official census materials published by the regional statistical bureau. It is important, as M. Korduba claims, that the publisher is not limited to information only for 1900, but also provides data for both 1880 and 1890 for comparison. It was necessary to dwell on the most important indicators of the last census of the population of Bukovyna also because neither the Bukovynian nor the Galician communities were acquainted in detail with these materials. First of all, Myron Korduba pays attention to population density and its geographical distribution in the counties of the region. According to the average - 70 people per 1 km² in 1900 Bukovina ranked 9th among the Austrian provinces (in 1890 - 10th place after Istria). Kitsman and Sadagur counties of Bukovina were "most densely populated" - 125 and 123 people per 1 km, respectively. The counties of DornaVatra and Seletyn had the lowest population density in the region (22 and 13 people per 1 km). For comparison, M. Korduba provides data on the average population density in the Czech Republic - 121 people per 1 km². In his analysis of the geography of the region's population, the reviewer focuses significantly on the language issue. He notes that in 1900, Ukrainian was spoken by 41.2% of all residents of Bukovina, Wallachian - 31.7%, German - 22.0%, Polish - 3.7%. Dr. Myron Korduba's brief but extremely informative study "Bukowina / Bukowina v nástinuhistorickémaetnografickém", published in Czech in the series "PoznejmeUkrainu", is of great interest for a comprehensive understanding of the problems of the geography of the region's population. This article by the scholar is all the more significant because it was published during the Paris Peace Conference and, in particular, the preparation of the Saint-Germain and future Sevres peace treaties, which legitimized the transfer of Bukovina to the Kingdom of Romania. Based on the above, Dr. Myron Korduba gives the following generalizations: neither historically nor ethnographically, Bukovyna can be considered as a "purely Romanian land", as Ukrainians make up a relative majority of the region's population; the communities of Zastavna, Kitsman, Vashkivtsi, Vyzhnytsia, and the environs of Selyatyn are purely Ukrainian; the political districts of Chernivtsi and Seret, as well as the Ukrainian parts of the communities of Storozhynets and Kimpolungu, have a Ukrainian majority. It is the relative majority of nationalities in a given area that should be decisive in the "division of Bukovina into regions with different nationalities"; although the region's capital, Chernivtsi, is dominated by Jews, Ukrainians are second only to Jews. The city is surrounded by Ukrainian communities and borders a small "Romanian island of several villages." Therefore, it is natural to "deliver" Chernivtsi to the Ukrainian part of Bukovyna.
The article reveals the tourist activity of the population of Chernivtsi oblast, as an important indicator of the development of the tourism industry. It is proposed to define it, as the ratio of the number of domestic and foreign tourists to the total population of the region. The peculiarities of its change during 2005-2018 are analyzed and the influence of socio-economic factors and processes on the tourist activity of the population is determined. Introduction. Tourism and recreation are important components of the economic complex of the region and play an important role in building economic potential. At the same time, this branch of the economy largely reflects the socio-economic processes taking place in the study area, as well as the living standards of the population. One of the most important factors of their development is the tourist activity of the population of the region. Tourist activity is one of the most important indicators that reflect the level of tourism development in the region. It reveals the population’s level of consumption of tourist and recreational services, as well as its consumption opportunities, which is an important indicator of the level of development of the recreational and tourist complex of the region. Therefore, the study of tourist activity is relevant. Presentation of the main results of the study. The ratio of the number of tourist trips made by the population of the region in relation to its total number is understood under the tourist activity of the population. Thus, the tourist activity of the population is formed only by the inhabitants of the region engaged in domestic and foreign tourism. In order to assess the tourist activity of the population of the region, it is necessary to determine the coefficient of tourist activity of the population. Socio-economic factors are crucial for the formation of tourist activity of the population. The most important among them are: - the general state of economic development of the region. The development of tourism depends on the characteristics and rates of economic growth. Accelerated economic development leads to increased employment, contributes to the growth of real incomes, which creates favorable conditions for the formation of additional demand for tourism products. - a significant factor that significantly affects the tourist activity of the population in international tourism is the devaluation of the national currency. The influence of this factor is expressed in the depreciation of the national currency against foreign. This leads to an increase in the cost of foreign tourist travel in the national currency, which in turn leads to a decrease in the number of tourists who can make tourist trips outside Ukraine. - inflation processes also have a significant impact on international tourism. Inflation is a decrease in the purchasing power of the national currency due to rising prices. As a result of inflation, there is a significant increase in prices for consumer goods. This leads to a significant increase in spending on them, and, as a consequence, to a reduction in the funds that the population can spend on tourism and recreation. Conclusions. So the pace of international tourism development significantly depends on the socio-economic processes taking place in the region. Currently, Chernivtsi oblast, as well as Ukraine in general, is in the phase of reforming socio-economic relations. The main purpose of the declared economic reforms is to solve the problems of socio-economic development and to significantly increase the living standards.
For a long time, the problem of deterioration of the bed and floodplain (young river landscape) of the Prut River has attracted attention in practical, environmental and scientific terms. This applies to all components of the landscape, ecosystems. But the central, main problem is hydromorphological transformation, associated primarily with the extraction of river alluvium. In recent decades the relevant research has been conducted.At the same time, negative processes continue to develop and require appropriate development of monitoring, database formation, understanding of the causes and patterns. In particular, the database should necessarily include data on the territorial structure of the river valley, the young river landscape. Thus, there is an urgent task to identify and assess the current state of the young river landscape of the Prut and systematize data on the patterns of processes of its hydromorphological transformation. The purpose of the study is to systematize information on the main processes of anthropogenic impact and the corresponding processes of transformation of the hydromorphological basis of the young river landscape of the Prut within Chernivtsi region to identify their patterns, consequences and assess and, on this basis, their current state. The object of research is the young river landscape of the Prut (within the Chernivtsi region), which develops on the basis of the riverbed and floodplain. The subject of research - manifestations, patterns of consequences of anthropogenic transformation of the hydromorphological basis of the young landscape of the Prut River. Methods, research procedure - hydromorphological analysis of the territorial structure of the river valley with the formation of a database of territorial landscape features in the form of homogeneous areas; systematic analysis of factors of anthropogenic transformation of the young river landscape; analysis of changes in the morphology of the riverbed and floodplain using GIS and GPS technologies. The state of research in the context of the research. A number of scientific works had been devoted to the study of anthropogenic changes in the bed and floodplain of the Prut River. In particular, regarding changes in morphology, these are the works of Yu. Yushchenko, A. Kyrylyuk, M. Pasichnyk, M. Nastyuk [3,4,7,9,11]. An important issue of the study is to identify the territorial structure of the river hydromorphological landscape.This is one of the important tasks of riverbed science [10] and landscape studies. Relevant studies are conducted in relation to rivers and river valleys of the Uppon Prut system [5, 9, 11,12]. Conclusions.Threats from catastrophic floods are an important factor in shaping the relations between society and the Carpathian rivers. Flood protection programs have long been developed. An important element are the embankment dams. Currently, most dams perform their function quite well. Last but not least, this is due to the entrenchment of riverbed. But this positive has a "bitter taste". In addition, an objective assessment of the effectiveness of flood protection and shore protection requires a thorough study of their entire history, which is the subject of a significant separate study. The risk factor for floods has influenced not only the objective formation of the system of protection by society, but also the "not very correct" use of the concepts of "harmful effects of water" and the regulation of riverbeds. It is known that due to the entrenchment of riverbeds, engineering structures in their channels are destroyed. But the entrenchment of riverbeds, as we found out, is anthropogenically caused. What is the "harmful effect of water"? Processes in society are probably harmful… The main factor in the anthropogenic transformation of the hydromorphological basis of the young landscape of the Prut River was the selection of alluvium from the riverbed. This led to a significant entrenchment of the river, especially in places of picking of river sediments (over 4 meters), and an increase in the relative height of floodplains with a corresponding transformation of their hydrological regime and other consequences. When the river entrenchment happened, the riverbed and the flow move to a lower hypsometric level and the objective laws of the flow-channel system begin to appear on it. These are the laws of formation and development of certain forms, the laws of hydromorphology. This includes the development of so-called intra-riverbed forms, and the development of riverbed forms (branches, meanders). It can also lead to conflicts with human interests: erosion of shores, coastal areas, buildings, etc. In such conditions, protective control work is really needed. But they can and should be carried out without the selection of river alluvium, which is not always in the case. By selecting alluvium again, we are only exacerbating the problem. Thus, it would seem that fair ideas of protection against dangerous phenomena and regulation of the flow-channel system are actually used incorrectly and lead to a worsening of the situation. A dangerous anthropogenic geomorphological process is developing. According to all methods of assessing the state of the hydromorphological basis of the landscape for the Prut River, estimates of "very bad" or "pre-crisis state" were obtained.
The whole complex of terraces can be traced in the relief on the Vasyliv-Doroshivtsi area. Well-defined high terraces - XII (jr-kz), XI (bd-sv) and X (bv-br). The middle terraces in this area are narrow, poorly preserved in relief. The inner-canyon part of the Dniester valley is relatively wide, which contributed to the development and preservation of a full complex of lower (late Pleistocene) terraces: the fourth (kd-ts), third (pl-ud; fragmentary), second (vt-bg), first (df-pc) terraces, as well as Holocene high and low floodplains (hl). Researches of features of the structure of low terraces carried out on the basis of a survey of geomorphological surfaces, outcrops of terrace deposits, the analysis of boreholes, fossil vertebrate and mollusc faunas, and also results of long-term observations during archaeological researches of site Doroshivtsi 3. The first above-floodplain terrace (df-pc) is represented by small fragments. It is composed by channel facies of alluvium, represented mainly by pebbles. Above them the floodplain facies - fine- and medium-grained sand, light grey, obliquely and horizontally layered, are bedded. The floodplain alluvium is covered by a low-thickness stratum of loess-like loams (pc). To the west of Doroshivtsi Village, near the Hlynyshche site, the upper layer of sediments is partially destroyed and buried under the sediments of a high floodplain. Only the remains of the lower part of the section are partially present. That is, in this area, the roots of the first terrace serve as the base of the high floodplain. The second terrace (vt-bg) is most clearly manifested morphologically due to the ledge, which stands out quite clearly. It is better developed within the Vasyliv Village. Here it is quite extensive, its surface is planned. In the area of Doroshivtsi, this terrace is narrow, severely damaged, occurs in fragments. The basement of the terrace is located at the height of about 1 m above the current level of the Dniester River. It is composed of dark green-grey argillite and coarse-grained Devonian sandstones. The structure of the terrace is as follows: the channel facies (gravel-pebble deposits with inclusions of boulders and sand aggregate) and powerful floodplain facies of alluvium: rhythmic layers of sands, sands and loams with signs of embryonic soils); complex of fossil soils and forests (forest-like loams) - bg-pc. Numerous remains of molluscs, mega- and microfauna, remains of material culture were found in the terrace deposits (Doroshivtsi 3 site). The third terrace (pl-ud) is weakly expressed and narrow. There are no outcrops of its sediments here and no boreholes. Therefore, currently, its structure in the study area remains unknown. However, in the lower part of the sediments of this terrace during the digging of the well were found fragmented remains of a mammoth (Mammuthus sp.) and a red deer (Cervus elaphus) with traces of disposal (site Vasyliv II). At another location, a mammoth tooth was found, which we identified as Mammuthus primigenius cf. jatzkovi. Fourth terrace (kd-ts). Terrace sediments are exposed to the west of Vasyliv, also discovered by a borehole near the basement of the white-stone temple of the XII-XIII centuries. According to drilling data, the top of gravel here is at the height of 7 m above the boundary level of the Dniester River. Above the gravel are bedded (from bottom to top): a layer of chernozem-like paleosol (pl); the light yellow loess with a columnar structure (ud); brown paleosol (vt); the pale yellow, carbonate loess, with also a columnar structure (bg). According to the terraces' classification by their location in the river valley, low terraces in the study area of the Middle Dniester are incised. According to the genetic classification, they can be considered accumulative, closed- or hidden-socle. Thus, based on the row of data, the peculiarities of the structure of low terraces, the composition of sediments and their approximate geological age have been established. New sections of the second and fourth terraces are described based on the study of outcrops and drilling data. New locations of vertebrate and mollusc fauna have been discovered in the deposits of 2-4th terraces in the village of Vasyliv. The considerable width of the second floodplain terrace in the Vasyliv area in comparison with Doroshivtsi testifies to the prospects of finding here the remains of material culture, similar to the Doroshivtsi-3 site. As a result of research, we established that due to the different history and mechanism of sediment formation, the structure and composition of sediments of the same age terraces may differ. This fact should be considered when allocating terraces and rely not only on the features of the cover part of the sediments but on the set of characteristics of a terrace. The questions of the peculiarities of the fourth and first above-floodplain terraces' structure, as well as the depth of basement of the high floodplain, remain unclear.
This was why the present work aimed at description of hydro-ecological state of major rivers in the Carpathian Region, and the current state of their economic use. The publication’s task consisted in disclosure of major hydrological characteristics of water arteries of the Carpathian Region, their water-economic use, and ascertainment of sources of their pollution.
The spatial placement of landmarks in the Chernivtsi region has been investigated. The coefficients of territorial concentration were calculated and the types of landscape planning in the Chernivtsi region were analyzed. Landmarks are landmarks of historical, cultural and architectural heritage. In Ukraine, there are 414 parks of local importance, of which 40 are located in the Chernivtsi region. All of them were created in the middle or end of XIX century, and therefore today, due to its neglected state, it is necessary to carefully study and carry out reconstruction and restoration in order to be used in the recreational and tourist sphere. In the second half of the twentieth century. Due to the reconstruction activities, the structure of many parks has changed significantly, most of them have lost their former landscape appearance: quiet and peaceful in their functional purpose have been transformed into recreation parks with appropriate infrastructure. Today, restored parkland is gradually becoming a major recreation and tourism destination. However, their condition requires a detailed study, awareness of the aesthetic, ecological and natural importance of these territories, which are part of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine. The total number of local objects sites is 306, 40 of them are parks with the status of nature conservation sites of local importance (S = 239.4 ha, 6.26% of the total number of Ukraine), while in Ukraine there are 276. In spatial terms, both within Ukraine and the Chernivtsi region, they are distributed unevenly, although in terms of number Chernivtsi region, in comparison with other regions of Ukraine, occupies the first place. Territorial differentiation testifies to the historical features of the settlement and development of districts, the present state of their conservation and functioning. Parks are the objects of modern scientific research, since the Chernivtsi region has the largest number of them in other areas. They are placed in accordance with the cross-border principle of favorable and diverse NPCs. The largest number of parks is in the Storozhynets district and Chernivtsi, the smallest in the Kelmeniec and Sokyryan districts. The park area is rotating from 0.5 ha (Klinovsky) to 63.5 ha. According to the spatial and architectural characteristics of the parks of the Chernivtsi region, they belong to semi-open parks, by type of park landscape - to parks and regular ones. In terms of the territorial concentration of the parks, the following picture is observed here: very few of them exist in Zastavna, Kelmenetsky, Novoselytsky, Sokyryan and Khotyn districts; few in the Vyzhnytsia and Hlybotsky districts; average number in the Hertsaev and Kitsman districts, many and many in the Storozhynets district and Chernivtsi.
The feature of present time is a sharp deterioration of environmental quality, so it is important to form the population with careful attitude to nature. The efficient approach of influence on the people’s consciousness is ecological tourism that is spreading in many countries. Its development in Ukraine is closely connected to environmental areas. That’s why the Nature Reserve Fund for ecological tourism development question is interesting and socially important. At one time, the contribution to the development of ecological tourism was made by domestic and foreign scientists. In this way works of A. S. Kuskov considered the main tasks of ecological tourism and requirements for work. O. Dmytruk defined principles, functions, and integration foundations of ecological tourism. V. V. Khrabovchenko studied the question of origin and development of ecological tourism and analyzed the phenomena of ecological tourism as a factor of stable development. General theoretical and practical aspects of recreational nature management in Ukraine were covered by K. Y. Kilinska, V. M. Rudenko, N. P. Anipko, N. S. Andrusiak, N. I. Konovalova. The foreign scientists B. Dzhons, R. Bakli, H. Lofman developed the conception of ecological tourism. The each region has its own specific conditionals of development of ecological tourism. Among them is the Natural Reserve Fund. The aim of this work is to study the objects of Poltava Regional Natural Reserve Fund as factors of ecological tourism development. The paper used the domestic and foreign geographical sources and methods: descriptive, analytical, synthesis, comparison, deduction, graphic, cartographic and others. Nowadays there are in existence several definitions of the concept ecological tourism. The Ukrainian scientist O. Beidyk thinks ecotourism is a recreational activity which has the least impact on the natural environment. The ecological routes are applied for different purposes: recreational, educational and upbringing, gaining the emotional impressions from communication with nature etc. The Nature Reserve Fund – is a territories and objects which have a special protective, scientific, recreational and other value. They are created for saving the natural diversity, maintaining the general ecological balance and environmental monitoring. Ukraine has 11 categories of nature-reserved objects. All of them differ in potential needed for ecological tourism development. There are 384 objects in Poltava oblast. They make up 4,95% of a the total area of the region. Among them there are 178 partial reserves, 2 national natural parks, 5 regional landscape parks, 137 natural monuments, 2 dendrological parks, 1 botanic garden. The partial reserves are one among the most numerous environmental objects of Poltava oblast. They are created to maintain the ecological balance and to save biological kinds and natural complexes. Botanical, landscape, geological, hydrological, forest partial reserves of Poltava oblast are picturesque areas around coasts of rivers where the plants are well preserved. The environmental legislation still has not provided them for recreational use. Natural monuments are a big category of environmental objects that have protective, scientific, cognitive, cultural, and recreational value. The most promising for tourism developing are complex, botanical, geological and hydrological natural monuments. They can be attracted to make ecological routes, or be used for educational and upbringing purposes. A large value for ecological tourism development has regional landscape parks that are created to save natural complexes and objects to provide the conditions for rest of population. The main functions of regional landscape parks are protective, defense the culture and history memorabilia, recreational and educational. Among of such objects Dykan regional landscape park that saves age-old broadleaf forests. The regional landscapes Kremenchuk Plains park is located within the floodplain and island of Dnipro (Zelenyi and Shalamai) has a lot of opportunities for making of ecologically oriented routes, organizing excursions for pupils and students. Protect tracts are characterized by considerable potential for development of ecological tourism, but the legislative mechanism to use them are still unregulated. The dendrological parks are made to save different kinds of trees and shrubs for the most efficient scientific, cultural, recreational, educational use. So their resources are actively attracted to organization of tourist activity. In this way, the ecological tours are done in the Ustimov dendrological park, where visitors can become familiar with its interesting history and variety of plants. So, environmental territories and objects play a big role for development of ecological tourism in Poltava oblast. The resource of national landscape parks are attracted to the most to recreational activity. The cognitive direction of ecological tourism is the most important for dendrological parks, natural monuments, botanical gardens of Poltava oblast. This gives them special educational and upbringing value. The organization of tourist activities within the protected tracts and environmental areas can still be considered (with some exceptions) as a potential task.
