scholarly journals Physical and Mathematical Model of Heart and Cardiovascular System

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Aditya Kundu ◽  
Ananya Kundu ◽  
Goutam Kumar Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Piping Systems

The cardiovascular system is modelled as a fluid flow system consisting of networks of pumps and piping systems. A mathematical model relating different cardiovascular parameters was developed. The change in cardiovascular parameters with individuals’ physical activity level, habits and environmental factors was established. The models used to predict how an individual can control the cardiovascular parameters to be healthy and diagnosing problems in the system.Keywords: Blood Pressure; Circulatory system modelling; Heart Rate.

scholarly journals Level aktifitas fisik dan faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler pada karyawan kantor di universitas

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Febriani Fajar Ekawati ◽  
Tri Winarti Rahayu ◽  
Hendrig Joko Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
University Employees

Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian utama di dunia. Kurangnya aktivitas fisik dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit ini. Meskipun telah banyak penelitian yang menyelidiki tentang hubungan aktivitas fisik dan faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler, hanya terdapat beberapa penelitian di Indonesia yang menelaah tentang peran aktivitas fisik dalam perkembangan penyakit kardiovaskuler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang tingkat aktivitas fisik dan menyelidiki hubungannya dengan faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler pada karyawan kantor di lingkungan Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian potong lintang, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 44 orang. Data level aktivitas fisik diperoleh dari International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Sedangkan faktor-faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler (gula darah, kolesterol, tekanan darah, lingkar pinggang, dan IMT) diukur dengan menggunakan alat ukur yang sesuai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa level aktivitas fisik karyawan berkategori Rendah sebesar 6.82%, Sedang sebesar 72.73%, dan Tinggi sebesar 20.45%. Berdasarkan uji Pearson Correlation, tekanan darah baik sistolik dan diastolik mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan level aktivitas fisik. Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara level aktivitas fisik dengan faktor risiko lainnya dalam penelitian ini. Secara umum penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa level aktivitas fisik karyawan di lingkungan UNS adalah berkategori sedang, dan tekanan darah mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan aktivitas fisik. Physical activity level and cardiovascular risk factors among university employees AbstractNoncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) are one of the leading deaths in the world. Insufficiency of physical activity (PA) escalate the risk of NCDs. Although the reports of the studies investigating the relationship between PA and cardiovascular risk factors are abundance, only a few studies in Indonesia examined the role of PA in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to describe the level of PA and investigate the relationships between PA and cardiovascular risk factors among UNS employees. This was a cross sectional study with a sample of 44 university employees. PA level was assessed using IPAQ. Meanwhile cardiovascular risk factors such as plasma glucose, cholesterol, blood pressure, waist circumference, and BMI were measured using an appropriate tool for each measure. The results revealed that participants with low level of PA (6.82%), moderate category (72.73%), and high category (20.45%). Pearson Correlation analysis showed blood pressure both systolic and diastolic had a significant association with PA level. There was no a significant association between PA level and others cardiovascular risk factors in this research. Generally, this study exhibited the level of PA among UNS employees in the moderate category, and blood pressure had a significant association with PA.

scholarly journals Presenting Health Status in Children Using a Radar Plot

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asgeir Mamen ◽  
Lars Erik Braaum ◽  
Per Morten Fredriksen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Lower Systolic Blood Pressure

Background: To try out the feasibility of presenting the health status of children 6 to 12 years old by using radar plots. Methods: With data from the Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP) we have described the health status for 1340 children aged 6 to 12 years. We collected or calculated: stature, body mass, waist circumference, waist to height ratio, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol concentration, blood pressure, accelerometer assessed physical activity, endurance interval running performance, and quality of life. Pertinent variables were presented through a radar plot for both individual cases and groups. Results: The boys showed better endurance and recorded more moderate to vigorous physical activity than the girls. The activity level dropped from age 6 to age 12 for both sexes. The girls showed a lower systolic blood pressure compared with boys. Self-rated quality of life was high among boys and girls. Conclusions: This cohort showed good health and the radar plot made it easy to visualise health status for groups and individuals.

scholarly journals Acute FeNO and Blood Pressure Responses to Air Pollution Exposure in Young Adults during Physical Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9012
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kocot ◽  
Kamil Barański ◽  
Edyta Melaniuk-Wolny ◽  
Elwira Zajusz-Zubek ◽  
Małgorzata Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Exposure Trial ◽  
Pollution Exposure ◽  
Outdoor Pm10

During physical exercise, the absorbed dose of air pollutants increases. Acute effects of exposure to air pollutants during exercise in healthy young adults remain poorly documented. The aim of this study was to assess the acute responses in fractionated exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and blood pressure to air pollution exposure during exercise in young adults with different physical activity levels (low or high). In this study, 76 healthy university students participating in physical activity classes (low level of physical activity) and attending sports training (high level of physical activity) completed two indoor exercise trials when air pollutant concentrations were high (exposure trial) and when the quality of the air was good (control trial). We monitored indoor particulate matter with diameter <10 µm and <2.5 µm (PM10 and PM2.5) and outdoor PM10, nitric oxides (NO2, NOx, NO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and FeNO were measured at baseline and after 45–60 min of physical activity. There were no significant differences between physiological responses to training performed under different exposure conditions in blood pressure, HR, and SpO2. Significant positive correlations between post-exercise ΔFeNO during exposure trials and ambient air pollutants were found. FeNO increase during the exposure trial was associated with a higher physical activity level and higher outdoor PM10 and NO2 concentrations. In young and healthy adults, some differences in physiological responses to physical activity between polluted and control environments could be observed. Participants with a high physical activity level were more likely to have an increase in FeNO after exercise in a polluted environment but not after the control exercise trials.

scholarly journals Physical activity level in people with high blood pressure

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Castelo Guedes Martins ◽  
Nirla Gomes Guedes ◽  
Iane Ximenes Teixeira ◽  
Marcos Venícios de Oliveira Lopes ◽  
Thelma Leite de Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
International Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

This study aimed to analyze the level of physical activity for people with high blood pressure cared for in a health center. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 310 individuals between 18 and 69 years of age through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The majority (80%) of participants presented low or moderate levels of physical activity. The analysis of association between sociodemographic variables and physical activity level revealed that older men from the interior of the state with higher educational levels have a greater chance of exhibiting lower levels of physical activity. The logistic regression model revealed that origin, schooling and diabetes are predictors of low physical activity level. The conclusion is that part of the sample does not match the desirable profile to practice regular physical activity.

scholarly journals Comparative characteristics of changes in central hemodynamics during early recovery after different exercise regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
H.V. Lukyantseva ◽  
O.M. Bakunovsky ◽  
S.S. Malyuga ◽  
T.M. Oliinyk ◽  
N.R. Manchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Static Loading ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Hemodynamics ◽  
Early Recovery

The cardiovascular system is one of the most important functional systems of the body, which determine the level of physical performance of the body. Insufficient study of the response of the circulatory system to the combination of strength training with endurance exercises requires more detailed comparative studies of the impact of dynamic and static loads on the indicators of central hemodynamics. Accordingly, the aim of our study was to study the characteristics of the reaction of the cardiovascular system in the period of early recovery after dosed exercise of a dynamic and static nature. The study examined the response of the central hemodynamics of young men in the period of early recovery after dynamic loading (Martine functional test) and static loading (holding on the stand dynamometer DS-200 force with a power of 50% of maximum standing force). The change in circulatory system parameters was recorded using a tetrapolar thoracic impedance rheoplethysmogram on a computerized diagnostic complex “Cardio +”. It is established that the dynamic load in the period of early recovery does not cause a significant positive chronotropic effect, leads to a decrease in vascular resistance of blood flow, to an increase in pulse blood pressure. The increase in cardiac output is mainly due to the increase in stroke volume, which indicates a fairly high functional reserves of the heart. It is revealed that under conditions of static loading the reaction of central hemodynamics and the course of early recovery are radically different from the changes of indicators under dynamic loading. In persons with a normodynamic type of reaction to dynamic load, there are no significant changes in the minute volume of blood at a similar volume of active muscle mass static load. Meeting the metabolic needs of working skeletal muscles and compensating for the oxygen debt is realized by increasing the total peripheral vascular resistance and increasing systolic blood pressure in the postpartum period. The physiological meaning of this phenomenon is to maintain a sufficient level of venous return of blood to ensure the pumping function of the heart.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS FACTOR AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN ADOLESCENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-197
Author(s):  
O.A. Shaposhnyk ◽  
V.M. Sokolenko ◽  
N.S. Kopyt’ko ◽  
T.I. Shevchenko ◽  
I.P. Kudrya
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Stress Factor ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship

A variety of factors influence the performance of schoolchildren. The main factors are psycho-emotional stress and systematic physical activity that requires a constant tension of body's regulatory systems aimed at mobilizing the functional body reserves. The analysis of blood pressure enables to estimate quantitative and qualitative changes in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. The combination of the Stroop test and the monitoring of the cardiovascular system make it possible to assess not only attention and cognitive function parameters, but the phases of the stress response of regulatory systems as well. The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between stress factor and the functional state of adolescent cardiovascular system. In the context of stress factor (Stroop test), the circulatory system of students gets activated, and its indicators vary differently among boys and girls. At rest, girls have the lowest performance of the circulatory system. Before the test, heart rates vary in boys and girls in different ways. In the course of our study, we have found out a direct relationship between heart rate, blood pressure before and after psycho-emotional load that testifies the predominance of the sympathoadrenal system activity. We have revealed the arterial hypertension is determined by physiological and social factors. Prevention of arterial hypertension in existing standards of schools requires reconsidering and improving of educational approaches, especially in terms of physical education.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Schoolchildren`s Spine Sagittal Curves, Parameters of Cardiovascular System and their Coherence

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (73) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilma Mauricienė ◽  
Arūnas Emeljanovas ◽  
Kristina Bačiulienė ◽  
Algė Daunoravičienė
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective. We aimed to investigate the peculiarities of cardiovascular system parameters and changes in spine sagittal curves with age in schoolchildren and also possible interrelation between parameters in those two systems. Material and methods. 124 schoolchildren (aged 7—18 years) were divided into three groups according to their age. For evaluation of cardiovascular system the bicycle ergometry test with modified Bruce protocol was performed and computerized functional test analysis system “Kaunas — Load” was used. Load, arterial blood pressure, ECG in 12 standard derivations were synchronously recorded at every step. Evaluation of spine sagittal plane was performed using flexible ruler-cirtometer. Angular values of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were measured. Results. Parameters of sagittal spine had few differences according to gender and age. Changes in sagittal plane curves with age were greater in boys than in girls. In the group of boys the expression of both sagittal curves had decreasing tendencies with age. Changes in girls’ sagittal curves were inconsistent with age. However, we found many significant differences in the parameters of cardiovascular system’s depending on gender and age. Different correlations between spinal sagittal curves and cardiovascular parameters according to gender and age could beassociated with different state in musculoskeletal system and development, different physical activity level and manyother factors, which vary among girls and boys and also changes with age. Conclusions. There was no significant difference of lumbar lordosis according to gender in all age groups. The thoracic kyphosis had significant different expression only among boys and girls in 7—10 years age group. We found significant difference of such cardiovascular system parameters as index of health, maximal power, pressure rate index, half recovery period of heart rate and change of double product according to gender. Thoracic kyphosis had more correlations with cardiovascular system parameters than lumbar lordosis. Blood pressure reactions had more correlations with spine sagittal curves in older girls and younger boys.Keywords: sagittal spine curves, cardiovascular system, lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis.

scholarly journals Perfil antropométrico e estilo de vida em estudantes de enfermagem

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Hugo Martins ◽  
Lucas Monteiro Belfort ◽  
Danyella Evans Melo ◽  
Thaise Araújo Rocha ◽  
Angelly Castro Alencar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar a associação perfil antropométrico, o estilo de vida, o nível de atividade física e a pressão arterial de estudantes de Enfermagem. Método: trata-se de estudo quantitativo, descritivo, epidemiológico transversal, com 109 estudantes. Analisaram-se e se processaram os dados por meio estatístico: análise de variância (ANOVA) com método de regressão logística e o programa estatístico BioEstat 5.3. Apresentaram-se os resultados em tabelas. Resultados: evidenciou-se a prevalência de pressão arterial normal, bem como alto estilo de vida, peso e circunferência da cintura normais, no entanto, observou-se a predominância de hábitos alimentares irregulares e sedentarismo. Revela-se que sujeitos com hábitos alimentares irregulares têm 6,98 mais chances de desenvolver pressão alta do que aqueles com hábitos regulares, e sujeitos sedentários têm 4,27 mais chances de desenvolver pressão alta em relação aos que são fisicamente ativos. Conclusão: percebe-se que os resultados corroboram outros estudos, trazendo à tona a importância primordial da atividade física e hábitos alimentares regulares no processo saúde-doença de qualquer indivíduo, principalmente na luta contra o desenvolvimento de DCNT. Descritores: Enfermagem; Antropometria; Promoção da Saúde; Estilo de Vida; Estudantes de Enfermagem; Doença Crônica.ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the association of the anthropometric profile, the lifestyle, the physical activity level and the blood pressure of nursing students. Method: This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study, with 109 students. Statistical data were analyzed and processed: analysis of variance (ANOVA) with logistic regression method and the statistical program BioEstat 5.3. The results were shown in tables. Results: the prevalence of normal blood pressure and the high lifestyle, weight and waist circumference were evidenced. However, the predominance of irregular eating habits and sedentary lifestyle were observed. Individuals with irregular eating habits are 6.98 times more likely to develop high blood pressure than those with regular habits, and sedentary individuals are 4.27 times more likely to develop high blood pressure than those who are physically active. Conclusion: The results corroborate other studies, highlighting the primary importance of physical activity and regular eating habits in the health-disease process of any individual, especially in the fight against the development of CNCD. Descriptors: Nursing; Anthropometry; Health promotion; Lifestyle; Students, Nursing; Chronic Disease. RESUMEN Objetivo: verificar la asociación del perfil antropométrico, el estilo de vida, el nivel de actividad física y la presión arterial de estudiantes de Enfermería. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, epidemiológico transversal, con 109 estudiantes. Se analizaron y se procesaron los datos por medio estadístico: análisis de variancia (ANOVA) con método de regresión logística y el programa estadístico BioEstat 5.3. Se presentaron los resultados en tablas. Resultados: se observó la prevalencia de presión arterial normal, así como alto estilo de vida, peso y circunferencia de la cintura normales, sin embargo, se observó la predominancia de hábitos alimentares irregulares y sedentarismo. Se revela que individuos con hábitos alimentares irregulares tienen 6,98 más chances de desarrollar presión alta de lo que aquellos con hábitos regulares, e individuos sedentarios tienen 4,27 más chances de desarrollar presión alta en relación a los que son fisicamente activos. Conclusión: se observa que los resultados corroboran otros estudios, mostrando la importancia primordial de la actividad física y hábitos alimentares regulares en el proceso salud-enfermedad de cualquier individuo, principalmente en la lucha contra el desarrollo de DCNT. Descriptores: Enfermería; Antropometría; Promoción de la Salud; Estilo de Vida; Estudiantes de Enfermería; Enfermedad Crónica.

scholarly journals Combining Physiology-Based Modeling and Evolutionary Algorithms for Personalized, Noninvasive Cardiovascular Assessment Based on Electrocardiography and Ballistocardiography

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Mattia Marazzi ◽  
Giovanna Guidoboni ◽  
Mohamed Zaid ◽  
Lorenzo Sala ◽  
Salman Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Cardiovascular Monitoring ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Cardiovascular Assessment ◽  
Parameter Values

Purpose: This study proposes a novel approach to obtain personalized estimates of cardiovascular parameters by combining (i) electrocardiography and ballistocardiography for noninvasive cardiovascular monitoring, (ii) a physiology-based mathematical model for predicting personalized cardiovascular variables, and (iii) an evolutionary algorithm (EA) for searching optimal model parameters.Methods: Electrocardiogram (ECG), ballistocardiogram (BCG), and a total of six blood pressure measurements are recorded on three healthy subjects. The R peaks in the ECG are used to segment the BCG signal into single BCG curves for each heart beat. The time distance between R peaks is used as an input for a validated physiology-based mathematical model that predicts distributions of pressures and volumes in the cardiovascular system, along with the associated BCG curve. An EA is designed to search the generation of parameter values of the cardiovascular model that optimizes the match between model-predicted and experimentally-measured BCG curves. The physiological relevance of the optimal EA solution is evaluated a posteriori by comparing the model-predicted blood pressure with a cuff placed on the arm of the subjects to measure the blood pressure.Results: The proposed approach successfully captures amplitudes and timings of the most prominent peak and valley in the BCG curve, also known as the J peak and K valley. The values of cardiovascular parameters pertaining to ventricular function can be estimated by the EA in a consistent manner when the search is performed over five different BCG curves corresponding to five different heart-beats of the same subject. Notably, the blood pressure predicted by the physiology-based model with the personalized parameter values provided by the EA search exhibits a very good agreement with the cuff-based blood pressure measurement.Conclusion: The combination of EA with physiology-based modeling proved capable of providing personalized estimates of cardiovascular parameters and physiological variables of great interest, such as blood pressure. This novel approach opens the possibility for developing quantitative devices for noninvasive cardiovascular monitoring based on BCG sensing.

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