scholarly journals Waldnutzung und Jahrringe | Forest use and tree-rings

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto U. Bräker ◽  
Andreas Rigling
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
Competition Pressure

The present work describes tree-ring research related to the theory and practice of forest use carried out at the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL. The effects of silvicultural practices and other, more indirect, human influence on tree and stand growth are demonstrated using a variety of examples from experiments and studies. Major timber harvestings significantly influence tree competition, stand structure and stand dynamics. Competition pressure in dense closed forests of uniform heights, short-term growth reactions from thinning and release,as well as weather and disease are easily recognizable. Medium to long-term changes in tree and stand growth reflect shifts in forest use, changes in water and nutrient cycles, or dynamics from anthropogenic emissions and depositions. These exam-ples are chosen to illustrate the effects of cultivation on current forest development and to assist the planning of future management practices. The results demonstrate the importance of tree-ring research to understand forest-dynamic processes and as a tool to develop forest management strategies.

scholarly journals Tracking Changes on Soil Structure and Organic Carbon Sequestration after 30 Years of Different Tillage and Management Practices

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Ramón Bienes ◽  
Maria Jose Marques ◽  
Blanca Sastre ◽  
Andrés García-Díaz ◽  
Iris Esparza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Wilting Point

Long-term field trials are essential for monitoring the effects of sustainable land management strategies for adaptation and mitigation to climate change. The influence of more than thirty years of different management is analyzed on extensive crops under three tillage systems, conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT), and with two crop rotations, monoculture winter-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wheat-vetch (Triticum aestivum L.-Vicia sativa L.), widely present in the center of Spain. The soil under NT experienced the largest change in organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, macroaggregate stability, and bulk density. In the MT and NT treatments, SOC content was still increasing after 32 years, being 26.5 and 32.2 Mg ha−1, respectively, compared to 20.8 Mg ha−1 in CT. The SOC stratification (ratio of SOC at the topsoil/SOC at the layer underneath), an indicator of soil conservation, increased with decreasing tillage intensity (2.32, 1.36, and 1.01 for NT, MT, and CT respectively). Tillage intensity affected the majority of soil parameters, except the water stable aggregates, infiltration, and porosity. The NT treatment increased available water, but only in monocropping. More water was retained at the permanent wilting point in NT treatments, which can be a disadvantage in dry periods of these edaphoclimatic conditions.

Determinants of fire activity during the last 3500 yr at a wildland—urban interface, Alberta, Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma L. Davis ◽  
Colin J. Courtney Mustaphi ◽  
Amber Gall ◽  
Michael F.J. Pisaric ◽  
Jesse C. Vermaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Fire Activity ◽  
Historical Range

AbstractLong-term records of wildfires and their controlling factors are important sources of information for informing land management practices. Here, dendrochronology and lake sediment analyses are used to develop a 3500-yr fire and vegetation history for a montane forest in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada. The tree-ring record (AD 1771-2012) indicates that this region historically experienced a mixed-severity fire regime, and that effective fire suppression excluded widespread fire events from the study area during the 20th century. A sediment core collected from Little Trefoil Lake, located near the Jasper townsite, is analyzed for subfossil pollen and macroscopic charcoal (>150 μm). When comparing the tree-ring record to the 3500-yr record of sediment-derived fire events, only high-severity fires are represented in the charcoal record. Comparisons between the charcoal record and historical climate and pollen data indicate that climate and vegetation composition have been important controls on the fire regime for most of the last 3500 yr. Although fire frequency is presently within the historical range of variability, the fire return interval of the last 150 yr is longer than expected given modern climate and vegetation conditions, indicating that humans have become the main control on fire activity around Little Trefoil Lake.

scholarly journals Harnessing values to save the rhinoceros: insights from Namibia

Oryx ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff R. Muntifering ◽  
Wayne L. Linklater ◽  
Susan G. Clark ◽  
Simson !Uri-≠Khob ◽  
John K. Kasaona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Venture ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Simple Economic

AbstractThe rate at which the poaching of rhinoceroses has escalated since 2010 poses a threat to the long-term persistence of extant rhinoceros populations. The policy response has primarily called for increased investment in military-style enforcement strategies largely based upon simple economic models of rational crime. However, effective solutions will probably require a context-specific, stakeholder-driven mix of top-down and bottom-up mechanisms grounded in theory that represents human behaviour more realistically. Using a problem-oriented approach we illustrate in theory and practice how community-based strategies that explicitly incorporate local values and institutions are a foundation for combating rhinoceros poaching effectively in specific contexts. A case study from Namibia demonstrates how coupling a locally devised rhinoceros monitoring regime with joint-venture tourism partnerships as a legitimate land use can reconcile individual values represented within a diverse stakeholder group and manifests as both formal and informal community enforcement. We suggest a social learning approach as a means by which international, national and regional governance can recognize and promote solutions that may help empower local communities to implement rhinoceros management strategies that align individual values with the long-term health of rhinoceros populations.

scholarly journals The Concept of Regulating Forest Management in a Region Subject to High Environmental Pressure

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Borecki ◽  
Łukasz Łopiński ◽  
Wojciech Kędziora ◽  
Michał Orzechowski ◽  
Roman Wójcik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Environmental Pressure ◽  
Forest Management Planning ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Forest Use

In modern forestry, the complexity of the planning process is increasing, specifically in the context of the sustainable use of forest resources and its adaptation to climate changes. This article presents the concept of forest use regulation promoting the sustainable forestry development in forest management planning. A method for defining a synthetic criterion of assessing important features of stand structure was proposed, which would enable the classification of stands in terms of needs and the urgency of their transformation (reconstruction) or suitability for longer standing. As a result, such a concept may ensure the preservation of the relative uniformity of logging use and the improvement of age structure as well as an increase of natural values of the forest, regardless of a stand’s age. The concept was tested on a large forest complex (over 0.5 million hectares) subjected to intense environmental pressure (Silesian Region in Poland). We prepared long-term individualistic development forecasts, separately for area and volume. Based on this, we followed the cutting uniformity principle in the analysed time period by calculating a long-term average of cutting allowance. It was determined by averaging the projected usage size in moving window and eventually was adopted as the cutting upper limit in the whole analysed period. The proposed size of cuts in each period resulted from the relation between the average value and the forecast. Three sets of stands of the differentiated urgency of interventions were distinguished: I—well-stocked and stable stands (no need of intervention)—55% of stands area, II – acceptable stands (not urgent intervention needed)—35% and III—poor stands (urgent intervention needed)—10%. This concept joins top-down and bottom-up approach of cutting uniformity that focuses stand’s status instead of its age or dimensions.

Livestock grazing management and biodiversity conservation in Australian temperate grassy landscapes

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dorrough ◽  
A. Yen ◽  
V. Turner ◽  
S. G. Clark ◽  
J. Crosthwaite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Grazing Strategies

There is an increasing interest in the development of livestock grazing management strategies that achieve environmental sustainability and maintain or improve the long-term production capacity of commercial grazing systems. In temperate Australia, these strategies are generally focussed on reducing perennial pasture decline, soil loss, acidity, and salinity. An additional challenge facing land managers and researchers is developing grazing strategies that also maintain and enhance local and regional biodiversity. However, few studies have assessed the compatibility of management practices for maintaining long-term productivity and biodiversity conservation. We still have only a very basic understanding of the effects of different grazing strategies and pasture management on biodiversity and this is a major impediment to the development of appropriate and compatible best management practice. We argue that although there is an increasing desire to find management strategies that protect and enhance biodiversity without hindering long-term agricultural production, in many cases this may not be possible. Current knowledge suggests that compatibility is most likely to be achieved using low-input systems in low productivity (fragile) landscapes, whereas in highly productive (robust) landscapes there is less opportunity for integration of productive land-use and biodiversity conservation. There is an urgent need for improved communication and collaboration between agronomic and ecological researchers and research agencies to ensure that future programs consider sustainability in terms of biodiversity as well as pasture and livestock productivity and soil and water health.

scholarly journals Assessment of Soil Quality under Different Soil Management Strategies: Combined Use of Statistical Approaches to Select the Most Informative Soil Physico-Chemical Indicators

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5099
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Stellacci ◽  
Mirko Castellini ◽  
Mariangela Diacono ◽  
Roberta Rossi ◽  
Concetta Eliana Gattullo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Statistical Approaches

Assessment of soil quality under different management practices is crucial for sustainable agricultural production and natural resource use. In this study, different statistical methods (principal component analysis, PCA; stepwise discriminant analysis, SDA; partial least squares regression with VIP statistics, PLSR) were applied to identify the variables that most discriminated soil status under minimum tillage and no-tillage. Data collected in 2015 from a long-term field experiment on durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were used and twenty soil indicators (chemical, physical and biological) were quantified for the upper soil layer (0–0.20 m). The long-term iteration of different management strategies affected soil quality, showing greater bulk density, relative field capacity (RFC), organic and extractable carbon contents (TOC and TEC) and exchangeable potassium under no-tillage. PCA and SDA confirmed these results and underlined also the role of available phosphorous and organic carbon fractions as variables that most discriminated the treatments investigated. PLSR, including information on plant response (grain yield and protein content), selected, as the most important variables, plant nutrients, soil physical quality indicators, pH and exchangeable cations. The research showed the effectiveness of combining variable selection methods to summarize information deriving from multivariate datasets and improving the understanding of the system investigated. The statistical approaches compared provided different results in terms of variables selected and the ranking of the selected variables. The combined use of the three methods allowed the selection of a smaller number of variables (TOC, TEC, Olsen P, water extractable nitrogen, RFC, macroporosity, air capacity), which were able to provide a clear discrimination between the treatments compared, as shown by the PCA carried out on the reduced dataset. The presence of a response variable in PLSR considerably drove the feature selection process.

scholarly journals Forest structure following tornado damage and salvage logging in northern Maine, USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Fraver ◽  
Kevin J. Dodds ◽  
Laura S. Kenefic ◽  
Rick Morrill ◽  
Robert S. Seymour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Structure ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Salvage Operation ◽  
Salvage Logging

Understanding forest structural changes resulting from postdisturbance management practices such as salvage logging is critical for predicting forest recovery and developing appropriate management strategies. In 2013, a tornado and subsequent salvage operations in northern Maine, USA, created three conditions (i.e., treatments) with contrasting forest structure: blowdown, blowdown + salvage, and control (undisturbed). We sampled forest structure in five stands representing each of these three treatments. Our results document obvious and predictable changes to forest structure caused by the blowdown and salvage operations; however, they also include unexpected findings: downed coarse woody debris volume remained quite high in the salvaged areas, although its vertical distribution was markedly reduced; salvage operations did not reduce fine woody debris volume; and the salvage operation itself reduced the abundance of upturned root masses. Our study contributes to a growing body of literature highlighting the fact that outcomes of salvage operations vary considerably from situation to situation. Nevertheless, they suggest that salvage logging has important implications for residual stand structure and regeneration potential and that these implications should be considered carefully when weighing postdisturbance management options.

Aquatic Stewardship Education in Theory and Practice

2007 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Needs Assessment ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Aquatic Resources ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Oriented Activity

<i>Abstract.</i>—Fishing is an exciting, popular, family-oriented activity that can be ideal as an introduction to and long-term platform for achieving aquatic resources stewardship. Many agencies and stakeholder organizations have developed fishing programs for this purpose, and each year, millions of people participate in these programs across the country. This paper will identify best management practices for assessing and evaluating fishing programs for effectiveness in achieving that goal. It will address program goals, objectives, logic models and needs assessment, developing environmental sensitivity, and social context and support. Findings are based on extensive work conducted by educators and aquatic resources practitioners as part of the Recreational Boating and Fishing Foundation’s Best Practices in Boating, Fishing, and Aquatic Resources Stewardship project.

The Effective Technology- and Resource-Management Strategy of Established Japanese Company: A Case Study of Toraya, a Traditional Japanese Confectioner

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kana Sugimoto ◽  
◽  
Takao Someya ◽  
Shin’ya Nagasawa
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
Consumer Experience ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
Organization Analysis

The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the effectiveness of the management strategies of the traditional Japanese confectioner Toraya. Rapid technological development and the demands of knowledgeable customers have made growth more difficult for manufacturers. We assume that the practices of longestablished manufacturers are best for others to follow. Toraya has been a high-value-added confectioner for almost 500 years. The reasons for its sustained competitiveness are described in this paper. We use the 3Cs analysis to clarify the business circumstances of the Japanese confection industry, the 4Ps analysis to explore Toraya’s structure, the strategic experimental module analysis to show the reliable value that Toraya offers its customers, and the Value, Rarity, Inimitability, and Organization analysis to explain its long-term success. The results reveal that Toraya has employed a low-technology strategy utilizing artisanal skill instead of machines and provides an excellent consumer experience that attracts customers. This is a sustainable competitive advantage because it takes years to establish and is not easily imitated. However, Toraya’s simple and effective management practices could be adopted as industry best practices.

It’s time to sharpen our definition of sustainable fisheries management

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2305-2314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Shelton ◽  
Alan F. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Sustainable Fisheries ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Harvest Strategy ◽  
Definition Of

We review and evaluate the sustainability paradigm as it applies to wild capture fisheries in the context of a recently developed harvest strategy framework that, if implemented, will meet Canada’s national and international obligations with regard to sustainable fisheries. This framework is based on an operationally explicit definition of sustainability that includes a commitment to managing for maximum sustainable yield. Although Canadian policy strongly supports sustainable fisheries management in principle, usage of the term has been vague and implementation of sustainable fisheries management strategies has lagged. Fisheries managed under the recently developed framework would be better able to meet new ecocertification and ecolabelling standards. An emerging governance structure discussed herein with respect to fisheries management is conducive to implementing sustainable management practices that meet long-term public good objectives.

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