scholarly journals Results of Comprehensive Geophysical Studies on the Search for Crypts on the Territory of Suburban Necropolis of Tauric Chersonese in the Karantinnaya Balka

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Vladimir Glazunov ◽  
Alexey Ageev ◽  
Gleb Gorelik ◽  
Tatyana Sarapulkina
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Electrical Tomography ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
State Museum ◽  
Geological Factors ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
First Time

The article presents the results of comprehensive studies carried out by the research team of Saint Petersburg Mining University in cooperation with the specialists from the State Museum-Preserve "Tauric Chersonese" in 2019. The purpose of the work was to discover and map antique and medieval crypts (ancient burial structures) on the territory of suburban necropolis of Tauric Chersonese in the Karantinnaya balka. The complex of geophysical methods included continuous ground penetrating radar sounding at two center frequencies of 350 and 500 MHz and contactless electrical tomography. To minimize spatial errors in the process of studies, topographic and geodetic works were carried out. For the first time wave electromagnetic effects were identified, which indicated the positions of hidden underground crypts. Geological factors were established that are favorable for cutting crypts in the layered thickness of Sarmatian limestones. The obtained results allowed to justify the feasibility of continuing geophysical works at the necropolis in order to study interior space of the discovered crypts and to determine the boundaries of archaeological heritage.

scholarly journals Geophysical survey to the Petrified Forest of Sigri in Lesvos Island (North Aegean)

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1285
Author(s):  
Γ. ΒΑΡΓΕΜΕΖΗΣ ◽  
Η. ΦΙΚΟΣ ◽  
Ι. ΜΕΡΤΖΑΝΙΔΗΣ ◽  
Ε. ΖΑΝΑΝΙΡΙ ◽  
Ζ. ΡΟΥΜΕΛΙΩΤΗ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Geophysical Survey ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Electrical Tomography ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Petrified Forest

Remains of fossil plants, which form the famous «Petrified forest of Lesvos», have been found in many localities on the western part of Lesvos Island. The fossilized forest of Lesvos was developed during Late Oligocene to Lower - Middle Miocene, due to the intense volcanic activity in the area (Velitzelos and Zouros, 1997). The products of the volcanic activity had covered the vegetation of the area and the fossilization process took place due to favorable conditions. The fossilized plants in Lesvos are silicified remnants of a sub-tropical forest that existed on the northwest part of the island 20-15 million years ago. In the present study the results of the geophysical survey that has been applied to several locations of the petrified forest are presented. Electrical tomography, magnetic mapping and Ground Penetrating Radar methods of geophysical prospecting have been applied. The surrounding material, which is formed mainly by volcanic ash, contains also volcanic rocks in that size that it could be detected as petrified trunk. So, the effectiveness of the geophysical methods in such an environment has been tested in selected areas where petrified trunks were semi-uncovered. Lied trunks have been successfully detected by the electric tomography in several cases, since the resistivity of the fossilized material is much higher that the resistivity of the volcanic ash. The horizontal mapping of the total magnetic field in the same cases of lied trunks has been also successful since it was combined with the electric tomography and the anomaly were located in the same place and shape. Detection of petrified trunks looks to be uncertain in cases of standing trunks. That, because anomaly of the same pattern could be produced by an intrusion of a rock which the magnetic susceptibility is lower than this of the fossilized material. The same problem has been noticed also to the GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) data. Several positions to be excavated have been proposed.

scholarly journals Ground penetrating radar detection of subsnow slush on ice-covered lakes in interior Alaska

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1435-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gusmeroli ◽  
G. Grosse
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Lake Ice ◽  
Wet Snow ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Ice Water

Abstract. Lakes are abundant throughout the pan-Arctic region. For many of these lakes ice cover lasts for up to two thirds of the year. The frozen cover allows human access to these lakes, which are therefore used for many subsistence and recreational activities, including water harvesting, fishing, and skiing. Safe traveling condition onto lakes may be compromised, however, when, after significant snowfall, the weight of the snow acts on the ice and causes liquid water to spill through weak spots and overflow at the snow-ice interface. Since visual detection of subsnow slush is almost impossible our understanding on overflow processes is still very limited and geophysical methods that allow water and slush detection are desirable. In this study we demonstrate that a commercially available, lightweight 1 GHz, ground penetrating radar system can detect and map extent and intensity of overflow. The strength of radar reflections from wet snow-ice interfaces are at least twice as much in strength than returns from dry snow-ice interface. The presence of overflow also affects the quality of radar returns from the base of the lake ice. During dry conditions we were able to profile ice thickness of up to 1 m, conversely, we did not retrieve any ice-water returns in areas affected by overflow.

Effectiveness of Geophysical Methods in Calcareous Harbor Fills

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst G. Brandes
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Fill Material ◽  
Object Locations ◽  
Ground Penetrating

The effectiveness of electromagnetic (EM), ground penetrating radar (GPR) and seismic refraction (SR) were evaluated by surveying a shallow trench in which a number of objects of varying composition and size were buried. The trench was excavated in granular calcareous fill material. An experienced geophysical contractor was asked to provide blind predictions of object locations using each of the techniques in turn. GPR with a 400 MHz antenna was the most successful, followed by SR and EM surveying. GPR and SR were also carried out at the port of Hilo to investigate complex subsurface conditions.

Identification, investigation and classification of surface depressions and chalk dissolution features using integrated LiDAR and geophysical methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Elizabeth Jeffery ◽  
Stephen Penn ◽  
David Peter Giles ◽  
Linley Hastewell
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Geophysical Techniques ◽  
Karstic Features ◽  
Ground Penetrating

The chalk bedrock of the Hampshire Basin, southern England is an important aquifer and is highly susceptible to dissolution, making the development and presence of karstic features a widespread occurrence. These features are hazardous because they provide possible pathways to the underlying aquifer and therefore present potential site-specific contamination risks. There is also evidence of extensive extraction, through both mining and surface quarrying, of chalk, flint and clay over many centuries. Geophysical techniques consisting of electromagnetic (EM31) and ground-penetrating radar surveys were used to identify and characterize target features identified from desk study data. The ground-penetrating radar and EM31 interpretations allowed the classification of non-anthropogenic target features, such as diffuse buried sinkholes with disturbed and subsiding clay-rich infill and varying symmetrical and asymmetrical morphologies. We describe here the investigations of such features identified at Holme Farm, Stansted House, Hampshire. The combination of EM31 data and ground-penetrating radar profiles facilitated the identification of a palaeovalley, cavities and irregular rockhead. This investigation identified locations of aquifer contamination risk as some sinkholes have been sites for the illegal dumping of waste or the infiltration of fertilizers, leaking sewage pipes or animal waste. This potential source of contamination utilizes the sinkhole as a pathway into the highly transmissive White Chalk Subgroup of Hampshire and has caused contamination of the aquifer. We conclude that our integrated approach of geophysical techniques linked to aerial photographs and LiDAR image interpretation was highly effective in the location and characterization of dissolution structures, infilled former quarries and mining features at this site.

Exploring the Japan Cave in Taman Hutan Raya Djuanda, Bandung Using GPR

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-381
Author(s):  
Widodo Widodo ◽  
Azizatun Azimmah ◽  
Djoko Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Permittivity ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Forward Modeling ◽  
Additional Line ◽  
Reflection Amplitude ◽  
Underground Cavities ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Synthetic Models

Investigating underground cavities is vital due to their potential for subsidence and total collapse. One of the proven geophysical methods for locating underground cavities at a shallow depth is ground penetrating radar (GPR). GPR uses contrasting dielectric permittivity, resistivity, and magnetic permeability to map the subsurface. The aim of this research is to prove that GPR can be applied to detect underground cavities in the Japan Cave of Taman Hutan Raya Djuanda, in Bandung, Indonesia. Forward modeling was performed first using three representative synthetic models before field data were acquired. The data acquisition was then conducted using a 100 MHz GPR shielded antenna with three lines of 80 m and one additional line 10 m long. The result showed a region of different reflection amplitude, which was proven to be the air-filled cavities.

scholarly journals Ground Penetrating Radar investigation of depositional architecture: the São Sebastião and Marizal formations in the Cretaceous Tucano Basin (Northeastern Brazil)

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Natsumi Tamura ◽  
Renato Paes de Almeida ◽  
Fabio Taioli ◽  
André Marconato ◽  
Liliane Janikian
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Sedimentary Environments ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reservoir ◽  
Depositional Architecture ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Radar Facies

ABSTRACT: One key factor for the advance in the study of fluvial deposits is the application of geophysical methods, being the Ground Penetrating Radar one of special value. Although applied to active rivers, the method is not extensively tested on the rock record, bearing interest for hydrocarbon reservoir analogue models. The São Sebastião and Marizal formations were the subject of previous studies, which made possible the comparison of Ground Penetrating Radar survey to previous stratigraphic studies in order to identify the best combination of resolution, penetration and antenna frequency for the studied subject. Eight radar facies were identified, being six of them related to fluvial sedimentary environments, one related to eolian sedimentary environment and one radar facies interpreted as coastal sedimentary environment. The Ground Penetrating Radar data showed compatibility to sedimentary structures in the outcrops, like planar and trough cross-stratified beds. It is noted that the obtained resolution was efficient in the identification of structures up to 0.3 m using a 100 MHz antenna. In this way, the Ground Penetrating Radar survey in outcrops bears great potential for further works on fluvial depositional architecture.

Evidence for glacial geological controls on the hydrology of Maine (USA) peatlands

Geology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 771-776
Author(s):  
Xi Chen ◽  
Xavier Comas ◽  
Andrew Reeve ◽  
Lee Slater
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Atmospheric Methane ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Geological Factors ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Abstract Freshwater pools commonly form eccentric crescent patterns in peatlands, an important atmospheric methane (CH4) source, and show an apparent spatial association with eskers in some deglaciated regions. However, the role of underlying permeable glacial deposits such as eskers in regulating hydrogeology, and perhaps even carbon cycling, in peatlands is rarely considered. In this study, ground-penetrating radar imaging and direct coring confirmed that clustered pools coincide with buried esker crests in contact with peat soil in Caribou Bog and Kanokolus Bog in Maine (USA). Hydraulic head and geochemical data combined with lidar indicate vertical water flow from shallow peat toward the permeable esker crests, suggesting enhanced downward transport of labile organic carbon that presumably accelerates rates of methanogenesis in deep peat. Eskers might therefore serve as proxies for enhanced CH4 production in deep peat, as supported by differences in dissolved CH4 profiles depending on proximity to pools. Geographic data compiled from multiple sources suggest that many peatlands with eccentric pools appear to be located proximal to esker systems in Maine and Fennoscandia. These geological factors may be important, previously unrecognized controls on water and the carbon cycle in peatlands.

Application of Comprehensive Geological Exploration for Engineering Site Option

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 2256-2260
Author(s):  
Sun Yong
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
High Density ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Electrical Method ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Ground Penetrating

In the process of engineering prospective design and constructing, it is necessary to avoid the adverse impact of geological phenomena, such as fault, karst and landslide. Therefore, it’s important to choose a favorable project address by scientific and effective detection with engineering geological conditions. The main exploration method for geological conditions is the geophysical exploration, including: high density electrical method, ground penetrating Radar, seismic exploration method and so on. The discrimination result with a single geological method changes much, and it is difficult to make an accurate analysis of the geological conditions. So we should composite a variety of exploration methods. In this paper, it expounds the fundamental, the working method, data explanations of the high density electrical method and ground penetrating Radar firstly. And then it takes exploration of candidate sites of an aluminum waste disposal plant for example, the geological conditions of candidate sites are analyzed under the two geophysical methods. The study results of engineering site option have a positive role in guiding the work.

Joint inversion of full-waveform ground-penetrating radar and electrical resistivity data: Part 1

Geophysics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. H97-H113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Domenzain ◽  
John Bradford ◽  
Jodi Mead
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Joint Inversion ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Full Waveform ◽  
Electrical Permittivity ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Subsurface Geometry

We have developed an algorithm for joint inversion of full-waveform ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity (ER) data. The GPR data are sensitive to electrical permittivity through reflectivity and velocity, and electrical conductivity through reflectivity and attenuation. The ER data are directly sensitive to the electrical conductivity. The two types of data are inherently linked through Maxwell’s equations, and we jointly invert them. Our results show that the two types of data work cooperatively to effectively regularize each other while honoring the physics of the geophysical methods. We first compute sensitivity updates separately for the GPR and ER data using the adjoint method, and then we sum these updates to account for both types of sensitivities. The sensitivities are added with the paradigm of letting both data types always contribute to our inversion in proportion to how well their respective objective functions are being resolved in each iteration. Our algorithm makes no assumptions of the subsurface geometry nor the structural similarities between the parameters with the caveat of needing a good initial model. We find that our joint inversion outperforms the GPR and ER separate inversions, and we determine that GPR effectively supports ER in regions of low conductivity, whereas ER supports GPR in regions with strong attenuation.

scholarly journals Landslide investigations using the geoelectrical scanning method and ground penetrating radar: Case studies

Tehnika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-425
Author(s):  
Filip Arnaut ◽  
Branislav Sretenović
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Electromagnetic Signal ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Scanning Method ◽  
Low Resistivity ◽  
Geotechnical Investigations ◽  
Landslide Body ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Geotechnical investigations of landslides for future mitigation are a complex task. To obtain relevant information, various geophysical methods are used, with varying degrees of success. The geoelectrical scanning method, also known as Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) has been successfully applied in several locations in Serbia in the las three decades. The geoelectrical scanning method was used during investigations of landslides: Umka, Lukovska banja, Tara, and Trandžament, while both geoelectrical scanning and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) were utilized at the Trandžament landslide. The achieved results from both methods are mutually correlated at the Trandžament landslide. Correlation of GPR data with geoelectrical scanning data was only possible since there were no nearsurface low resistivity zones in the Trandžament landslide body. Otherwise, electromagnetic signal attenuation would be high in the presence of near-surface low resistivity zones, and a quality signal would be impossible to detect at the receiving antenna.

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