scholarly journals Substantiation of the Energy Efficient Schedules of Drying Grain Seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 14(63) (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Vadim PAZIUK ◽  
◽  
Vitalii VYSHNEVSKIY ◽  
Oleksii TOKARCHUK ◽  
Ihor KUPCHUK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Column Type ◽  
Process Energy ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Low Temperature Drying ◽  
Required Quality ◽  
Heat Agent

It is important to study the patterns of drying grain seeds in order to improve the energy efficiency of the process. Energy efficiency is one of the main parameters that define the choice of a drying schedule. Traditional drying technologies are based on low temperature schedules, which do not allow significantly intensifying the process by increasing the temperature of the heat agent because of substantial reductions in the quality of the material. To adequately assess the drying schedules, we conducted the study of drying grain seeds at low temperatures aimed to preserve the seed properties of the material. To increase the energy efficiency of the drying process, a step-by-step descending low-temperature drying schedule was suggested, which provides for the required quality of seed material. All the proposed technical solutions for the energy-efficient schedules of drying grain seeds were summarized in the recommendations for industrial drying in column type direct-flow grain dryers.

scholarly journals ENERGY EFFICIENT DRYING OF SEEDS OF CEREAL CROPS

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Vadym Paziuk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Low Temperature Drying

Many researchers at different times have been engaged in drying cereals to preserve their nutritional properties, which is associated with the biochemical properties of materials. The technologies for drying grain crops have been developed and improved with the given recommendations aimed at carrying out the drying process at high temperatures (above 100 ° C). But the increased requirements for seed grains and the associated high energy costs do not allow the drying process to be carried out efficiently, since with large grain volumes this leads to a significant increase in material costs. The study of the laws of drying of seeds of cereals in view of improving the energy efficiency of the process is relevant. Energy efficiency is one of the main parameters influencing the choice of drying mode. In traditional technologies for drying seed material, it is dried at low temperatures, which does not allow to significantly intensify the process by increasing the temperature of the coolant, as this significantly reduces the quality of the material. The state of the art makes it possible to more accurately investigate and analyze the drying processes of cereal seeds with automatic processing and plotting of drying kinetics. The results of previous researchers were conducted on existing grain dryers, in which it is difficult to evaluate and give the correct recommendations for drying the seed material. This is due to the peculiarities of the drying process and the design of the grain dryer. To adequately assess the drying regimes, studies of drying seeds of cereals at low temperatures were carried out to preserve the seed properties of the material. To increase the energy efficiency of the drying process, a step-by-step descending low-temperature drying mode is proposed, which provides the required quality of seed material. All the proposed technical solutions for the introduction of energy-efficient regimes in the process of drying grain seeds were implemented in the recommendations for industrial drying in mine direct-flow grain dryers.

scholarly journals Involvement of Individuals in the Development of Technical Solutions and Rules of Management for Building Renovation Projects: A Case Study of Latvia

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
I. Pukite ◽  
A. Grekis ◽  
I. Geipele ◽  
N. Zeltins
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Technical Solutions

Abstract In March 2016, the Latvian government approved a new support program for increasing energy efficiency in residential apartment buildings. For the support of renovation of apartment buildings in the period from 2016 to 2023, 166 470 588 EUR will be available. Different persons, such as energy auditors, designers, architects, project managers and builders, will be involved in the process of planning, development and implementation of building renovation. At the development stage of the building renovation project, special attention should be devoted to the first stage – energy audit and technical project development. The problem arises due to the fact that each of these individuals, during the development of technical building documentation, does not work as a completely unified system. The implementation of construction project planning and organisational management system is one of the most important factors to guarantee that the quality of building renovation project is ensured in accordance with the laws and regulatory standards. The paper studies mutual cooperation, professionalism and the role of information feedback of personnel involved in the planning stage of building renovation, which is an essential prerequisite for the renovation process in order to achieve high quality of work and reduce the energy performance indicator. The present research includes the analysis of different technical solutions and their impact on energy efficiency. Mutual harmonisation of technical specifications is also investigated.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency Optimization of Cognitive UAV-Assisted Edge Communication for Semantic Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yilong Gu ◽  
Yangchao Huang ◽  
Hang Hu ◽  
Weiting Gao ◽  
Yu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Optimization Scheme ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
The Internet Of Things

With the consolidation of the Internet of Things (IoT), the unmanned aerial vehicle- (UAV-) based IoT has attracted much attention in recent years. In the IoT, cognitive UAV can not only overcome the problem of spectrum scarcity but also improve the communication quality of the edge nodes. However, due to the generation of massive and redundant IoT data, it is difficult to realize the mutual understanding between UAV and ground nodes. At the same time, the performance of the UAV is severely limited by its battery capacity. In order to form an autonomous and energy-efficient IoT system, we investigate semantically driven cognitive UAV networks to maximize the energy efficiency (EE). The semantic device model for cognitive UAV-assisted IoT communication is constructed. And the sensing time, the flight speed of UAV, and the coverage range of UAV communication are jointly optimized to maximize the EE. Then, an efficient alternative algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem. Finally, we provide computer simulations to validate the proposed algorithm. The performance of the joint optimization scheme based on the proposed algorithm is compared to some benchmark schemes. And the simulation results show that the proposed scheme can obtain the optimal system parameters and can significantly improve the EE.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modelling and Optimisation of Low-Temperature Drying on Quality Aspects of Rough Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shakeel Ahmed Soomro ◽  
Kunjie Chen ◽  
Sohail Ahmed Soomro
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Rough Rice ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Low Temperature Drying ◽  
Central Composite

Rice when harvested normally has a high moisture content of 20–25% which requires immediate drying, reducing its mass loss and preventing it to spoil. This situation is more crucial with the areas under humid tropical conditions, where moisture and temperature mainly play an important role in deteriorating the quality of rough rice. Keeping the importance of quality attributes of rough rice, the study was carried out to assess the effects of low-temperature drying and suggest an optimum condition. Response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design was employed to study the effects of variables, i.e., temperature (X1), time (X2), and air velocity (X3) on responses, i.e., head rice yield (HRY), hardness, lightness, and cooking time. The experimental data were fitted to the quadratic model, studying the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The results revealed that the HRY, hardness, lightness, and cooking time increased with increasing variables, whereas for HRY, it particularly increased and then decreased. It was observed that temperature had more influence on the quality of rough rice followed by time and velocity. Results for analysis of variance revealed that the quality aspects of rough rice were significantly (p<0.05) affected by temperature and time, whereas for velocity, it only significantly affected hardness. The optimal drying conditions predicted by RSM for variables were 25°C, 600 min, and 1 m·s−1, and the optimal predicted HRY, hardness, lightness, and cooking time were 73.93%, 38.28 N, 71.40, and 27.58 min respectively. Acceptable values of R2, Adj R2, and nonsignificance of lack of fit demonstrated that the model applied was adequate and can be used for optimization. The study concluded that the RSM with a central composite design was successfully used to study the dependence of quality aspects of rough rice at low temperature and can be utilized by the rice processing industries.

A Virtual Machine Placement Algorithm with Energy-Efficiency in Cloud Computing

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-36
Author(s):  
Yu Cai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Live Migration ◽  
Vm Placement ◽  
Server Cluster ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Placement Algorithm

Energy efficient virtual machines (VM) management and distribution on cloud platforms is an important research subject. Mapping VMs into PMs (Physical Machines) requires knowing the capacity of each PM and the resource requirements of the VMs. It should also take into accounts of VM operation overheads, the reliability of PMs, Quality of Service (QoS) in addition to energy efficiency. In this article, the authors propose an energy efficient statistical live VM placement scheme in a heterogeneous server cluster. Their scheme supports VM requests scheduling and live migration to minimize the number of active servers in order to save the overall energy in a virtualized server cluster. Specifically, the proposed VM placement scheme incorporates all VM operation overheads in the dynamic migration process. In addition, it considers other important factors in relation to energy consumption and is ready to be extended with more considerations on user demands. The authors conducted extensive evaluations based on HPC jobs in a simulated environment. The results prove the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

DIFFUSION ACTIVITY OF CARBON DURING POLYMORPHIC TRANSFORMATION OF STEEL AND TWO-STAGE LOW-TEMPERATURE CEMENTATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
B. V. Fokin ◽  
A. A. Zhukov ◽  
A. P. Navoev ◽  
Yu. A. Kustov ◽  
A. E. Gvozdev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Polymorphic Transformation ◽  
Interatomic Interaction ◽  
Carbon Diffusion ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Required Quality

It was studied diffusive mobility of carbon’s atoms in the process of decarbonation steel У8 and cementation steel Ст3 in the temperature’s interval of polymorphic transformation. It was set that low temperature cementation (LTC) is possible only after a preliminary austenitization steel. In the state of polymorphic transformation due to the weakening of interatomic interaction, the formation of a two-phase structure of complexes, there is a decrease in the activation energy of carbon diffusion and a corresponding increase in the diffusion coefficient, which indicates the possibility of conducting LTC. The diffusion ability of carbon in LTC in a two-phase state was estimated using the value of the effective activation energy of diffusion taking into account the relative content of austenite and ferrite according to the «lever» rule. As a result of the studies performed, the following two-stage LTC method is proposed: the first stage – austenization (carburization) of the surface layer at a temperature of 920 °С for 20 minutes; the second stage – cementation in the temperature range 700…740 °С for 2 hours. Subsequent hardening and low-temperature tempering provide the required quality of the cemented layer by analogy with the traditional cementation process.

scholarly journals Ginger (Zingiber officinale) powder from low temperature drying technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
AK Sarker ◽  
M Rashid ◽  
DC Roy ◽  
M Musarrat ◽  
UH Bithi
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Sensory Score ◽  
Drying Techniques ◽  
Ginger Powder ◽  
Low Temperature Drying

Ginger powder was prepared using different low temperature drying techniques and their nutritional, phytochemicals, functional and sensory quality were investigated. Moisture content was significantly (p<0.05) higher (7.16±0.04%) in shade dried powder and lowest in oven dried powder. Protein, fat and fiber contents varied with drying techniques ranging from 6.08±0.05 to 6.68±0.07%, 1.08±0.16 to 1.39±0.25% and 3.86±0.13 to 5.11±0.06% respectively. Highest alkaloid content was found in mechanical dried powder (4.44±0.04%), while highest flavonoid content was found in oven dried ginger powder (4.67±0.07%) and maximum saponin content was recorded in shade dried powder (2.67±0.10%). Highest ascorbic acid content (3.53±0.08 mg/100g) was found in shade dried powder and lowest was recorded in oven dried ginger powder (3.53±0.08 mg/100g). Sun drying technique exhibited better nutritional and sensory quality. The sensory score demonstrated that acceptance of all dried ginger powder was in the range of liked very much to liked moderately by the panelist. Low temperature drying techniques have positive significance on retaining phytochemicals and sensory quality of processed ginger. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(2), 133-140, 2021

scholarly journals Improving Energy Efficiency of Multimedia Content Dissemination by Adaptive Clustering and D2D Multicast

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Yin ◽  
Jinsong Gui ◽  
Zhiwen Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Multimedia Content ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Multicast Group ◽  
Content Dissemination ◽  
Adaptive Clustering ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Multicast Communications

While achieving desired performance, there exist still many challenges in current cellular networks to support the multimedia content dissemination services. The conventional multimedia transmission schemes tend to serve all multicast group members with the data rate supported by the receiving user with the worst channel condition. The recent work discusses how to provide satisfactory quality of service (QoS) for all receiving users with different quality of experience (QoE) requirements, but the energy efficiency improvement of multimedia content dissemination is not its focus. In this paper, we address it based on adaptive clustering and device-to-device (D2D) multicast and propose an energy-efficient multimedia content dissemination scheme under a consistent QoE constraint. Our scheme extends the recent work with the proposed K-means-based D2D clustering method and the proposed game-based incentive mechanism, which can improve energy efficiency of multimedia content dissemination on the premise of ensuring the desired QoE for most multicast group members. In the proposed scheme, we jointly consider the cellular multicast, intracluster D2D multicast, and intercluster D2D multicast for designing the energy-efficient multimedia content dissemination scheme. In particular, we formulate the energy-efficient multicast transmission problem as a Stackelberg game model, where the macro base station (MBS) is the leader and the candidate D2D cluster heads (DCHs) are the followers. Also, the MBS acts as the buyer who buys the power from the candidate DCHs for intracluster and intercluster D2D multicast communications, and the candidate DCHs act as the sellers who earn reward by helping the MBS with D2D multicast communications. Through analyzing the above game model, we derive the Stackelberg equilibrium as the optimal allocation for cellular multicast power, intracluster D2D multicast power, and intercluster D2D multicast power, which can maximize the MBS’s utility function. Finally, the proposed scheme is verified through the simulation experiments designed in this paper.

scholarly journals Energy Savings Analysis for Operation of Steam Cushion System for Sensible Thermal Energy Storages

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Ryszard Zwierzchowski ◽  
Olgierd Niemyjski ◽  
Marcin Wołowicz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Suction Pipe ◽  
Technical Solutions

The paper presents an analytical discussion of how to improve the energy efficiency of the steam cushion system operation for a Thermal Energy Storage (TES) tank. The EU’s green deal 2050 target policy requires an increase in the energy efficiency of energy production and use, as well as an increase in the share of renewable energy in the overall energy production balance. The use of energy-efficient TES is considered as one of the most important technologies to achieve the objectives of this EU policy. The analyses presented in the paper of energy-efficient operation of steam cushion (SC) systems were carried out by using operational data received from three District Heating Systems (DHSs) that supply heat and electricity to one of the largest cities in Poland and are equipped with the TES systems. These three analyzed TESs differ in capacities from 12,800 to 30,400 m3, tank diameters from 21 to 30 m and shell height from 37 to 48.2 m. The main purpose of using a steam cushion system in the TES tank is to protect the water stored in it against the absorption of oxygen from the surrounding atmospheric air through the surge chamber and safety valves located on the roof of the tank. The technical solutions presented here for the upper orifice for charging and discharging hot water into/from the tank and the suction pipe for circulating water allow to us achieve significant energy savings in the steam cushion systems. Both the upper orifice and the end of suction pipe are movable through the use of pontoons. Thanks to the use of this technical solution, a stable insulating water layer is created above the upper orifice in the upper part of the TES tank, where convective and turbulent transport of heat from the steam cushion space to the hot water stored in the tank is significantly limited. Ultimately, this reduces the heat flux by approximately 90% when compared to the classic technical solutions of steam cushion systems in TES tanks, i.e., for the upper orifice and circulation water pipe. The simplified analysis presented in the paper and comparison of its results with experimental data for heat flow from the steam cushion space to hot water stored in the upper part of the TES tank fully confirms the usefulness of the heat-flow models used.

scholarly journals An Energy-Efficient Secure Forwarding Scheme for QoS Guarantee in Wireless Sensor Networks

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1418
Author(s):  
Dongwan Kim ◽  
Jaekeun Yun ◽  
Daehee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Qos Guarantee ◽  
End To End ◽  
Qos Requirement

Many wireless sensor network (WSN) applications require both security and quality-of-service (QoS) to be guaranteed simultaneously. However, ensuring both security and QoS is not trivial in WSNs since security normally has bad impact on QoS. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient secure forwarding method that minimizes energy consumption while meeting both security and QoS requirements at the same time. To accomplish this goal, we alternatively use hop-by-hop security for conserving energy through data aggregation and end-to-end security to satisfy the QoS requirement. We further analyze why hop-by-hop security with data aggregation provide better energy efficiency than end-to-end security without aggregation in detail. The simulation result shows that our proposed method outperforms other scheme in terms of energy efficiency while meeting both QoS and security.

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