scholarly journals Tumbuhan obat berpotensi imunomodulator di suku anak dalam bendar bengkulu

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Fitria Lestari ◽  
Ivoni Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plant Medicine ◽  
Deadly Disease

Infeksi merupakan penyakit pembunuh kedua setelah kardiovaskular yang disebabkan oleh virus, bakteri, protozoa, cacing, dan jamur parasitik yang masuk ke dalam atau permukaan tubuh, sehingga hal inilah yang menjadi alasan pentingnya keberadaan imun di dalam tubuh. Bahan yang dapat memodulasi sistem imun tubuh dikenal dengan imunomodulator. Umumnya masyarakat menggunakan obat sintetis untuk mengembalikan ketidakseimbangan imun, namun penggunaan dalam jangka panjang dampak berdampak buruk bagi tubuh, seperti kerusakan ginjal, hati, dan lainnya. oleh karena itu, salah satu solusi yang diberikan dengan menggunakan tumbuhan obat seperti yang masih dipertahankan oleh Suku Anak Dalam Bendar Bengkulu. Namun, keberadaan tumbuhan ini masih belum didata, sehingga perlu dilakukan tindak lanjut agar dapat diketahui oleh masyarakat umum. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksplorasi yang dimulai dari observasi, wawancara dengan kepala suku serta masyarakat sekitar, dan dokumentasi serta identifikasi dengan menggunakan beberapa referensi yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 40 jenis tumbuhan obat berpotensi imunomodulator.Kata kunci: Imunomodulator, suku anak dalam bendar bengkulu, tumbuhan obat The immunomodulator of plant medicine on suku anak dalam bendar bengkulu. Infection is the second most deadly disease after cardiovascular caused by viruses, bacteria, protozoa, worms and parasite fungi that come inside or surface of the body. It may cause the urgency of immune system in the body. The substance which can modulate immune system is called immunomodulator. Generally people use synthetic medicine to restore immunity damage. However, the long-term use may negatively affect the body, such as causing kidney, heart and other organs damage. Therefore, one of the solutions is by applying medicinal plants like was done by Suku Anak Dalam Bendar Bengkulu. However, the existence of the plants has not recorded yet. Therefore, it needs a further action to inform larger people. The method of the research was through exploration by doing some techniques, such as, observation, interview to the chief of the tribe and surrounding people, and documentation as well as identification by using some relevant references. The result presents there are 40 plant species which are potentially as immunomodulator.Keywords: Imunomodulator, suku anak dalam bendar bengkulu, medicinal plants

scholarly journals Future of Solid Organ Transplantation: Organ-Specific Tolerance

KIDNEYS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
Yusuf Ercin Sonmez
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Donor Organ ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Specific Tolerance

A transplant between two people who are not genetically identical is called an allotransplant and the process is called allotransplantation. Donor organs and tissues can be from people who are living, or people who have died because of a significant brain injury or lack of circulation. Allotransplantation can create a rejection process where the immune system of the recipient attacks the foreign donor organ or tissue and destroys it. The recipient may need to take immunosuppressive medication for the rest of their life to reduce the risk of rejection of the donated organ. In general, deliberately induced immunosuppression is performed to prevent the body from rejecting an organ transplant. The adverse effects associated with these agents and the risks of long-term immunosuppression present a number of challenges for the clinician. Immune tolerance, or immunological tolerance, or immunotolerance, is a state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to substances or tissue that have the capacity to elicit an immune response in a given organism.

scholarly journals The Immune System Can Hear Noise

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Zhang ◽  
Tianyuan Zou ◽  
Dongye Guo ◽  
Quan Wang ◽  
Yilin Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intensity Noise ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Exposure During Pregnancy

As a stressor widely existing in daily life, noise can cause great alterations to the immune system and result in many physical and mental disorders, including noise-induced deafness, sleep disorders, cardiovascular diseases, endocrine diseases and other problems. The immune system plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis by recognizing and removing harmful substances in the body. Many studies have shown that noise may play vital roles in the occurrence and development of some immune diseases. In humans, both innate immunity and specific immunity can be influenced by noise, and different exposure durations and intensities of noise may exert various effects on the immune system. Short-term or low-intensity noise can enhance immune function, while long-term or high-intensity noise suppresses it. Noise can lead to the occurrence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) through the production of autoantibodies such as anti-Hsp70 and anti-Hsp60 and exert adverse effects related to other immune-related diseases such as some autoimmune diseases and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The neuroendocrine system, mainly including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) system, is involved in the mechanisms of immune-related diseases induced by noise and gut microbiota dysfunction. In addition, noise exposure during pregnancy may be harmful to the immune system of the fetus. On the other hand, some studies have shown that music can improve immune function and alleviate the adverse effects caused by noise.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Nutrition to Boost Immune System to Fight Infection

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Syed M. Shahid ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Jawed ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Scientific Significance ◽  
Global Population

The immunity and immune system functions to fight against infections are significantly impacted by inappropriate food and nutrition. Long term malnutrition is universally considered as the leading cause of immune system deficiency. A substantial proportion of the global population does not meet the recommended daily intake of nutrients. The COVID-19 pandemic has focused attention on the role of the immune system, with health scientists and nutritionists urging people to take supplements and/or eat particular foods (nutrients) to super-charge their immune systems.The immune system is the most complex system of human body. This system is made up of a complex network of structural and functional units like cells, molecules, tissues and organs all working together to safeguard the body as a whole.This precise review provides a chance to go through the efficacy, efficiency and scientific significance of nutritional components and relevant food (especially fruits and vegetables). This will help you keep appropriate food items in your daily meals so that you can get a progressive increment in your body’s defence mechanisms and immunity to fight appropriately against COVID-19. This will also help to decrease your risk for catching the viral infection and/or reducing the chances of having complications from COVID-19.

Long-Term Consequences of Foodborne Toxoplasmosis: Effects on the Unborn, the Immunocompromised, the Elderly, and the Immunocompetent†

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1595-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES L. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Cellular Immune

In immunointact individuals, infection by the ubiquitous protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is common, but clinical disease is rare; however, fetal and immunocompromised populations are at risk for clinical toxoplasmosis. T. gondii organisms persist as quiescent tissue cysts in various tissues of the body with the possibility of tissue cysts reactivating to actively multiplying parasites if there is a decline in the infected individual's immune system. In more recent years, there has been an increase in toxoplasmosis due to a steadily increasing immunocompromised population. T. gondii infections are controlled principally by the cellular immune system. Thus, individuals with defective cell-mediated immunity cannot control a T. gondii infection and if they have been infected previously, reactivation of a previous infection may occur. Congenital toxoplasmosis can cause severe complications in the fetuses of women who are infected with T. gondii during pregnancy. Toxoplasmosis can be serious in individuals with malignancies or AIDS. Since transplant recipients are immunosuppressed by drug treatment, they too are at risk for toxoplasmosis if they receive an organ from an infected donor. Vaccines against T. gondii suitable for human use have not been developed. No drug is available that can eliminate the encysted stage of the parasite; thus, infected individuals are always at risk for reactivation of the parasite if there is a failure of their immune system. More emphasis should be placed on the elimination of T. gondii by development of drugs which can eliminate the cyst stage in tissues and on development of vaccines suitable for protecting humans against infection or reactivation.

A review on traditional practice of tooth brushing in Ayurveda and its relevance in current era

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Durgawati Devi ◽  
Rajeev Kumar Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Dental Floss ◽  
Lifestyle Pattern

Abstract Ayurveda recommends sound and healthy life. It basically focuses on prevention rather than treatment. It includes a systematic lifestyle pattern which is composed of several principles and activities. Dinacharya (Daily routine) is one of the important principles. It includes various activities started from just before sunrise. All these activities are necessary for the maintenance of homeostasis of the body. Tooth brushing is one of the essential routines of Ayurveda daily practices. Traditionally it has been advocated with a soft twig of medicinal plants with or without herbal tooth powder. There are so many medicinal plants have been described in this context. Contradictory plants have also been described. Oral hygiene products are so much advanced and globalized nowadays. There are so many types of toothbrushes; dentifrices, dental floss, tongue scrapers, mouthwashes, oral irrigators, etc. are available along with specifications. Contemporary oral hygiene products esp. dentifrices are chemically rich and have their own side effects. No doubt these products have their own advantages like easy availability and adjustability according to current lifestyle. But their safety is questionable on long-term use. Herbal products have additional benefits over it that those are natural and easily adjustable and acceptable with body physiology.

scholarly journals Ethnopharmacological review of traditional medicinal plants as immunomodulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 043-055
Author(s):  
Ashvini Y. Parbat ◽  
Gunjan P. Malode ◽  
Aayesha R. Shaikh ◽  
Wrushali A. Panchale ◽  
Jagdish V. Manwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Immunomodulatory Agents ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Traditional Medicinal Plants ◽  
Nitrogen Containing Compounds

Medicinal plants play significant roles in the prevention of human beings from various pathogenic microorganisms and diseases. The immunomodulators are agents used to modulate the immune system and can be obtained from both natural as well as synthetic origin from plants and chemicals. Alteration within the system is often achieved by immunomodulatory agents from a plant source, low molecular weight compounds like alkaloids and other nitrogen-containing compounds, terpenes, phenols, and high molecular weight compounds like lectins, polysaccharides. The Immune system is a part of the body to detect the pathogen by using a specific receptor to produce an immediate response by the activation of immune components cells, cytokines, and chemokines and also release of an inflammatory mediator. This review also discusses various ethnopharmacological information of traditional medicinal plants being used as immunomodulators.

scholarly journals COVID 19 Cure Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p48
Author(s):  
Rimon Adel Louis
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Specific Procedure ◽  
The World ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Positive Results

The cure presents in this study is course of techniques depend on three methods to neutralize the virus threat’s in both sides to prevent it from replication and mutation as the principle acknowledge the speed time of recovery and show the weakness parts in the virus itself by using effective strategy. The cure include three specific procedure first step is to attack both infected cells and the virus molecules with plasma represented in ionic treatment by ionizing the air inside lung and allow the Zinc particles to attack the infected cells membrane which diffused in the body, second step supply and stimulate the immune system in order to complete the attack of the virus by changing the environment required for replication then destroy the damaged cells in order to force the virus to shrink finally the last step is to evacuate the body from the trash of the virus by using organic antioxidants plants help in extract mucus of dead viruses that technique is highly recommended to dismiss the dead virus bodies outside the patients and that will help to kill the virus and avoid it’s side effects in the long term as it is not confirmed that the virus mutate to latency stage then back to attack the body again specially there is no evidence for the full recovery of the patients as the tests done after a while and some of them return to positive results again which lead to some of them suffering from the virus again after recovery in addition to the randomly behavior of the virus that has been shown in the European countries unlike the Chinese virus which put the world in obstacle of speed mutation and that is so dangerous if we put in our consideration the huge numbers of the infected and dead persons, the strategy strongly remark the weakness points in the virus in order to neutralize it even in the late stages for the patients who suffering from immunity issues as the benefits from Cure can recover the actual infected and realistic for the numbers of the persons infected unlike the vaccine that required to be injected for billions of people.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical Survey of Plants’ Stem Barks used in Kaduna State of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Modupe J. Ayeni ◽  
Joshua Kayode
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Structure Questionnaire ◽  
Ethnobotanical Survey ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Plant Medicine ◽  
Ready Availability

Inventory of plant species whose barks were sold in markets located in two local government areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria was carried out in this study. Three markets were selected randomly from each of the two Local Government Areas of the study area. In each market, 10 medicinal plant vendors and 10 respondents were randomly selected and interviewed with the aid of semi structure questionnaire matrix. Plants whose stem barks were of medicinal values were identified; their mode of preparations and utilizations were documented. The respondents were diverse and cut across socioeconomic classification. Respondents’ consciousness was linked to oral transfer of the indigenous knowledge on plants and the recent realization of their economic values thus trading and the act of apprenticing in trading in medicinal plants is now a viable entrepreneurial venture. 54 plant species, belonging to 28 families, have their barks valued for medicine and were sold in the study area. The species were rich in diverse chemical constituents. The sales and patronage of the identified barks, in the study area, transcend gender but skewed to the males due to religious belief thus suggesting that gender specific roles in medicinal plants could be faith-based. Dependence on plant barks was borne out of the age long tradition and confidence of the people on plant medicine. This was complimented by their affordability and ready availability especially in the markets in the study area. Most of the identified barks were sourced outside the study area though forest reserves abound in all parts of the state, yet importation dominated the supply chain as the reserves were highly depleted due to anthropogenic activities. This study tends to support the previous clamour for biodiversity conservation through cultivation of the identified plant species in the study area.

scholarly journals Herbal Oil and its Anti-arthritic Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Dinesh Babu J ◽  
Vinaya J ◽  
Sravan Kumar P ◽  
Akhila CR
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
The Body ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil Formulation

Inflammation and arthritis are interrelated conditions that are caused by each other. This disorder majorly occurs in elderly patients. It is a major problem in the world that affects the joints and causes inflammation in the joints causing pain and tenderness in the joints. This is mainly triggered by the inflammation caused by the malfunctioning of the immune system of the own body. This disease leads to severe damage to the cartilage of the joints in the body. This will lead to the ankylosing of the joints and resulting in the pain of the joints. There are few other diseases like inflammation of the pleural cavities, scleritis and other lesions that are usually seen in the cutaneous, subcutaneous tissue. Overall, it is a problem in the immune system of the body. The researchers now had concentrated on the utilization of the herbs and medicinal plants to treat arthritis effectively. They are found to be safe and effective compared to the synthetic immune suppressant drugs. They are also the cheapest sources of drugs. So the herbs had been investigated for the production of the newer molecules that treat arthritis effectively and relatively safer with that of the existing drugs. The plant extract of the stem bark of the plant Berberis orthobotrys was collected and extracted using ethanol. This was used to prepare oil formulation, and this was investigated for the anti-arthritic activity. The oil formulation showed a better activity compared to the extract and compared to the standard.

scholarly journals Potential medicinal plants for improve the immune system from Borneo Island and the prospect to be developed as nanomedicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 04006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutfi Chabib ◽  
Wildan Khairi Muhtadi ◽  
Muhammad Ikhwan Rizki ◽  
Rifazul Aulia Rahman ◽  
Mohamad Rahman Suhendri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia

The immune system is a combination of cells, molecules, and tissues that play a role in preventing, detecting and eliminating a pathogen that enters the body. Indonesian society, hereditary and traditionally used medicinal plants (herbs) to increase immunity or immune system that fight the bacterias and pathogens. This paper aims to review the potential plants for immunomodulator from Borneo Island and the prospect to be developed as nanomedicines. The review is made using online and offline literature. Based on the literature, the immune system can be improved by various compounds from plants such as bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia(L) Merr), kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris(Burm.f) Bedd), pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifoliaJack), kasturi (Mangifera casturiKosterm.), binjai (Mangifera caesia), ramania (Bouea macrophyllaGriff), gerunggang (Cratoxylum arborescens(Vahl) Bl) and akar kuning (Fibraurea chloroleucaMiers). In general, the mechanism of the plants to improve the immune system is by facing the cause of the disease directly as an effector and also work by regulating immunity. The medicinal plants also have prospects to be developed as nanomedicines.

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