scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR UTAMA KADAR TRIGLISERIDA ABNORMAL PADA PENDUDUK DEWASA DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Mukhlidah Hanun Siregar ◽  
Fatmah Fatmah ◽  
Ratu Sartika
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
The Body ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Fatty Food ◽  
Main Factor

Triglycerides is a compound consisting of three molecule fatty acid, synthesized from carbohydrates and deposited as animal fats in the body. Finding suggests that elevated levels of triglyceride were one of the risks of cardiovascular disease. Hypertriglyceridemia can lead to increased LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol, which became an indicator of cardiovascular disease. Previous finding found that age, sex, obesity, fatty food, coffee, and smoking associated with triglycerides. The aims of this study to identify the main factor associated with the levels of triglyceride in Indonesian adult (26-45 years). Data taken from secondary data Basic Health Reseach (RISKESDAS) with the specific criteria. The total respondents were 11421. Data analyzed with logistics multiple regression prediction model. The results showed 23.2% of respondents have abnormal levels of triglyceride (150 mg/dl). The main factors associated with the abnormal levels of triglyceride were sex [OR = 3,215 (2,745-3,765)], central obesity [OR= 2,664 (2,393-2,967)], and smoking [OR = 1,222 (1,048-1,426)]. Finding suggested keeping healthy lifestyle so not to be central obesity, especially men. In addition, leave cigarettes by reducing the number of cigarettes every day gradually, can decrease the abnormal levels of triglyceride.   Keywords: Triglycerides, Sex, Central Obesity, Smoking, Adult   Abstrak Trigliserida merupakan senyawa yang terdiri dari 3 molekul asam lemak, disintesis dari karbohidrat dan disimpan sebagai lemak hewani dalam tubuh. Temuan menegaskan bahwa peningkatan kadar trigliserida dalam darah merupakan salah satu faktor risiko dari penyakit kardiovaskular. Hipertrigliseridemia dapat menyebabkan peningkatan LDL Kolesterol dan penurunan HDL Kolesterol yang menjadi indikator penyakit kardiovaskular. Penelitian sebelumnya menemukan bahwa usia, jenis kelamin, kegemukan, makanan berlemak, kopi, dan merokok berhubungan dengan trigliserida. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor utama yang berhubungan dengan kadar trigliserida pada penduduk dewasa (26-45 tahun) di Indonesia. Data diambil dari data sekunder yang berasal dari Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) dengan kriteria khusus. Total responden sebanyak 11421. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Regresi Logistik Berganda model prediksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 23,2% responden memiliki kadar trigliserida tidak normal (>150 mg/dl). Faktor utama yang berhubungan dengan kadar trigliserida tidak normal tersebut adalah jenis kelamin [OR = 3,215 (2,745-3,765)], obesitas sentral [OR= 2,664 (2,393-2,967)], dan merokok [OR = 1,222 (1,048-1,426)]. Hasil temuan ini menyarankan kepada penduduk dewasa untuk menjaga gaya hidup sehat agar tidak mengalami obesitas sentral, utamanya kelompok laki-laki. Selain itu, meninggalkan rokok dengan mengurangi jumlah rokok yang dikonsumsi setiap harinya secara bertahap sehingga terjadi penurunan kadar trigliserida yang tidak normal.

Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and development of prehypertension

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
В.В. Шерстнев ◽  
М.А. Грудень ◽  
В.П. Карлина ◽  
В.М. Рыжов ◽  
А.В. Кузнецова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Optimal Blood Pressure

Цель - исследование взаимосвязи факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и развития предгипертонии. Методика. Проведен сравнительный и корреляционный анализы показателей модифицируемых и немодифицируемых факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у обследованных лиц в возрасте 30-60 лет с «оптимальным» артериальным давлением, (n = 63, АД <120/80 мм рт.ст.) и лиц с предгипертонией (n = 52, АД = 120-139/80-89 мм рт.ст.). Результаты. Показано, что лица с предгипертонией по сравнению с группой лиц, имеющих «оптимальное» артериальное давление характеризуются статистически значимо повышенным содержанием холестерина и холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности, интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности, а также значимыми сочетаниями факторов риска: повышенный уровень холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности с интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности; повышенное содержание креатинина с уровнем триглициридов; наследственная отягощенность по заболеваниям почек и интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности; наследственная отягощенность по сахарному диабету и гипертрофия левого желудочка сердца. У лиц с предгипертонией документированы перестройки структуры взаимосвязи (количество, направленность и сила корреляций) между показателями факторов риска в сравнении с лицами, имеющими «оптимальное» артериальное давление. Заключение. Выявленные особенности взаимосвязей факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний при предгипертонии рассматриваются как проявление начальной стадии дизрегуляционной патологии и нарушения регуляции физиологических систем поддержания оптимального уровня артериального давления. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between risk factors for cardiovascular disease and development of prehypertension. Methods. Comparative and correlation analyses of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease were performed in subjects aged 30-60 with «optimal» blood pressure (n = 63, BP <120/80 mm Hg) and prehypertension (n = 52, BP = 120-139 / 80-89 mm Hg). Results. The group with prehypertension compared with the «optimal» blood pressure group had significantly increased serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, sedentary/intellectual type of occupation, and significant combinations of risk factors. The risk factor combinations included an increased level of LDL cholesterol and a sedentary/intellectual occupation; increased serum levels of creatinine and triglycerides; hereditary burden of kidney disease and a sedentary/intellectual occupation; hereditary burden of diabetes mellitus and cardiac left ventricular hypotrophy. In subjects with prehypertension compared to subjects with «optimal» blood pressure, changes in correlations (correlation number, direction, and strength) between parameters of risk factors were documented. Conclusion. The features of interrelationships between risk factors for cardiovascular disease observed in prehypertension are considered a manifestation of early dysregulation pathology and disordered regulation of physiological systems, which maintain optimal blood pressure.

Dyslipidaemia

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Heinz Drexel
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Residual Risk ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Lipid metabolism has gained cardiological interest only after statins were demonstrated to reduce cardiovascular disease in secondary and primary prevention. Therefore, this chapter first introduces the physiological and atherogenic properties of lipoproteins, before focusing on interventions. Both the efficacy and safety of statins have been proven in numerous randomized clinical trials. Because there is a considerable residual risk in statin-treated patients, additional approaches have been investigated. The focus is now on further reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. First, high-intensity statin regimens were shown to reduce residual risk. Subsequently, ezetimibe was demonstrated, for the first time, to have a beneficial effect as a non-statin lipid intervention. More recently, inhibitors of the enzyme PCSK9 have demonstrated a very high efficacy in reducing LDL cholesterol levels. Although the causality of LDL for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has been proven in epidemiological studies, including Mendelian randomization studies, as well as interventional trials, adherence to statins and other therapies is far from optimal. In contrast, interventions to increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels could not proven to have further benefits when combined with statins.

scholarly journals Whole grains protect against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the most common cause of death in most Western countries. Nutrition factors contribute importantly to this high risk for ASCVD. Favourable alterations in diet can reduce six of the nine major risk factors for ASCVD, i.e. high serum LDL-cholesterol levels, high fasting serum triacylglycerol levels, low HDL-cholesterol levels, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Wholegrain foods may be one the healthiest choices individuals can make to lower the risk for ASCVD. Epidemiological studies indicate that individuals with higher levels (in the highest quintile) of whole-grain intake have a 29% lower risk for ASCVD than individuals with lower levels (lowest quintile) of whole-grain intake. It is of interest that neither the highest levels of cereal fibre nor the highest levels of refined cereals provide appreciable protection against ASCVD. Generous intake of whole grains also provides protection from development of diabetes and obesity. Diets rich in whole-grain foods tend to decrease serum LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels as well as blood pressure while increasing serum HDL-cholesterol levels. Whole-grain intake may also favourably alter antioxidant status, serum homocysteine levels, vascular reactivity and the inflammatory state. Whole-grain components that appear to make major contributions to these protective effects are: dietary fibre; vitamins; minerals; antioxidants; phytosterols; other phytochemicals. Three servings of whole grains daily are recommended to provide these health benefits.

scholarly journals Pharmacognosy and Therapeutics: Interaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Shah Murad Mastoi Baloch ◽  
◽  
Nusratullah Khan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
The Body ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Group I ◽  
Fenugreek Leaves

In the body, liver produces approximately 80% of the cholesterol whereas rest of the cholesterol is obtained from the food like fish, eggs, meat, etc. After having a meal, cholesterol is digested and absorbed in small intestine then the metabolism and storage occurred in the liver. The cholesterol may be secreted by the liver whenever the requirement of cholesterol is needed by the body. Cholesterol is not present in the food which is derived from the plants. We in this study have compared hypolipidemic effects of Fenugreek, Curcuma longa, and Lemon. Study was conducted at Jinnah Hospital Lahore-Pakistan from January 2018 to May 2018. Ninety hyperlipidemic patients of age group 19 to 70 were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were diabetic, alcoholic additives, hypertensive patients and those whose kidney or liver functions were impaired. Consent was taken from all participants. Their base line lipid profile was taken in biochemistry laboratory of the hospital. They were divided in three groups i.e. 30 patients in each group. Group-I was advised to take 500 mg of Curcuma longa (haldi) mixed in fresh milk without cream, thrice daily for two months. Group-II patients were advised to take 100 grams of Fenugreek leaves mixed with salad in each meal (thrice daily) for the period of two months. Group-III patients were advised to take 40 ml of fresh lemon juice mixed with 40 ml mineral water thrice daily for two months. They all were advised not to take heavy meal rich with any type of fat like junk food etc. One hour daily brisk walk was advised to all participants. 15 days follow up visit was scheduled for them. After two months their lipid profile was redetermined. When results were compiled and statistically analyzed by applying paired ‘t’ test, it revealed that Curcuma longa decreased total cholesterol, TG, LDL cholesterol 16.10, 20.01, and 17.59 mg/dl respectively. Fenugreek decreased total cholesterol, TGs, and LDL cholesterol 14.70, 17.33, and 17.06 mg/dl respectively. Lemon in two months therapy decreased total cholesterol, TGs, and LDL cholesterol 15.45, 10.13, and 11.97 mg/dl respectively. None of the above mentioned herbs raised HDL cholesterol significantly. It was concluded from this research work that Curcuma longa, Fenugreek leaves and Lemon are mild to moderately effective hypolipidemic herbs to lower total plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol but have no potential to raise HDL cholesterol when analyzed biostatistically.

Abstract P065: Effects of Palm Oil Consumption on Blood Lipids: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Sun ◽  
Nithya Neelakantan ◽  
Yi Wu ◽  
Rob M van Dam
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Study Results

Introduction: Palm oil is among the most commonly consumed cooking oils worldwide and, in contrast to most other vegetable oils, contains a high amount of saturated fatty acids. It has been suggested that palm oil has unique characteristics resulting in less detrimental effects on blood lipids than expected from its fat content. We therefore evaluated the effect of palm oil consumption on blood lipid concentrations as compared with vegetable oils high in natural unsaturated fatty acids, partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (rich in trans -fat), or animal fats. Methods: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases up to 31 October 2012 for trials of at least 2 weeks that compared the effects of palm oil consumption with at least one of the aforementioned comparison oils. Data on effects on total, LDL and HDL cholesterols and triglycerides were pooled using random effects meta-analysis. Results: A total of 25 studies were identified comparing palm oil with natural highly unsaturated vegetable oils. Palm oil significantly increased total cholesterol by 0.32 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.19, 0.44; I 2 =85.9%), increased LDL cholesterol by 0.20 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.09, 0.32; I 2 =82.9%), and increased HDL cholesterol by 0.02 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.01, 0.04; I 2 =56%) as compared with control oils. The considerable amount of heterogeneity in study results were partly explained by the type of control oil used, funding source, geographical location, and level of intake of test oil. Statistical tests suggested that this meta-analysis might be subject to publication bias. Eight studies were identified comparing palm oil with partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. When compared to trans -fat rich oils, palm oil significantly increased HDL cholesterol by 0.07 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.05, 0.09; I 2 =19.2%). However, palm oil did not significantly change total cholesterol (0.15 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.04, 0.33), LDL cholesterol (0.11 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.04, 0.27), or triglycerides (-0.02 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.12, 0.07). Geographical location, method of preparation of test oils, and level of intake of trans -fat in control intervention were contributors to the heterogeneity in the study results. The pooled results from the 2 studies on comparison between palm oil and animal fats did not show a significant difference between the two dietary groups for total cholesterol (0.00 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.08, 0.08), LDL cholesterol (-0.01 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.08, 0.07), HDL cholesterol (0.00 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.03, 0.04), or triglycerides (0.02 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.15, 0.17). Conclusions: Palm oil consumption results in higher LDL cholesterol levels than other natural unsaturated vegetable oils. However, palm oil may be preferable to trans -fat rich oils based on its effect on HDL cholesterol. More studies are needed to evaluate the effects of palm oil consumption on incidence of coronary heart diseases.

Lipids for Psychiatrists - an overview

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian S. Young
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Lifestyle Measures ◽  
Lipid Lowering Agents

Serum cholesterol is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides are positively related to cardiovascular disease, while HDL cholesterol has an inverse relationship. Measurement of lipids is essential in individuals with established cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes, and may also be carried out in healthy individuals as part of cardiovascular risk assessment. Lifestyle measures are important in cardiovascular disease prevention, but the mainstay of lipid lowering therapy is appropriate use of lipid lowering drugs. Total and LDL cholesterol are the primary targets for treatment, but consideration should also be given to raising HDL cholesterol and lowering triglycerides where appropriate. Statins are the most frequently used lipid lowering agents, but there is an important place for other drugs, including ezetimibe, fibrates and nicotinic acid.

scholarly journals Meta-regression analysis of the effects of dietary cholesterol intake on LDL and HDL cholesterol

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J Vincent ◽  
Bruce Allen ◽  
Orsolya M Palacios ◽  
Lynne T Haber ◽  
Kevin C Maki
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Intake ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis

ABSTRACTBackgroundElevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Dietary guidance recommends reducing saturated fatty acid, trans fatty acid, and cholesterol intakes to reduce circulating LDL cholesterol. Cholesterol intake may also affect high-density lipoprotein (HDL)–cholesterol concentrations, but its impact has not been fully quantified.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to investigate the dose-response relation between changes in dietary cholesterol intake and changes in lipoprotein-cholesterol markers for cardiovascular disease risk and to provide a reference for clinicians on how changes in dietary cholesterol intake affect circulating cholesterol concentrations, after accounting for intakes of fatty acids.MethodsWe used a Bayesian approach to meta-regression analysis, which uses Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques, to assess the relation between the change in dietary cholesterol (adjusted for dietary fatty acids) and changes in LDL and HDL cholesterol based on the use of data from randomized dietary intervention trials.ResultsFifty-five studies (2652 subjects) were included in the analysis. The nonlinear Michaelis-Menten (MM) and Hill models best described the data across the full spectrum of dietary cholesterol changes studied (0–1500 mg/d). Mean predicted changes in LDL cholesterol for an increase of 100 mg dietary cholesterol/d were 1.90, 4.46, and 4.58 mg/dL for the linear, nonlinear MM, and Hill models, respectively.ConclusionsThe change in dietary cholesterol was positively associated with the change in LDL-cholesterol concentration. The linear and MM models indicate that the change in dietary cholesterol is modestly inversely related to the change in circulating HDL-cholesterol concentrations in men but is positively related in women. The clinical implications of HDL-cholesterol changes associated with dietary cholesterol remain uncertain.

scholarly journals Gambaran profil lipid pada pasien stroke iskemik dan stroke hemoragik yang di rawat inap di Irina F RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Juli 2015-Juni 2016

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Laulo ◽  
Melke J. Tumboimbela ◽  
Corry N. Mahama
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Haemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Cerebral Function ◽  
Vascular Origin

Abstract: Stroke is rapidly developing clinical signs of focal or global disturbance of cerebral function, with symptoms lasting for 24 hours or longer or leads to death, with no apparent cause other than of vascular origin. This study was aimed to know description of lipid profile in patients with ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke hospitalized at Prof.Dr.R.D.Kandou hospital period of July 2015 – June 2016. This research was a descriptive retrospective research using secondary data, including the ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke patient’s medical record. The results showed the highest percentage ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke patients is male, 51-60 year age group, who work as housewifes (40%), had an optimal total cholesterol level, desired levels of HDL cholesterol, a near optimal of LDL cholesterol, an optimal triglyceride level. Based on this research, it can be concluded that patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke had more patients with normal lipid levels.Keywords: stroke, lipid profile Abstrak: Stroke adalah manifestasi klinik dari gangguan fungsi serebral, baik fokal maupun global, yang berlangsung dengan cepat, berlangsung lebih dari 24 jam, atau berakhir dengan kematian, tanpa ditemukannya penyebab selain gangguan vaskuler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran profil lipid pada pasien stroke iskemik dan stroke hemoragik yang di rawat inap di RSUP Prof.Dr.R.D.Kandou Manado periode juli 2015-juni 2016. Metode yang digunakan bersifat deskriptif retrospektif yaitu dengan mengambil data sekunder penderita stroke iskemik dan stroke hemorgik periode juli 2015-juni 2016 di bagian rekam medik RSUP Prof.Dr.R.D.Kandou Manado. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa persentase terbanyak pasien stroke iskemik dan stroke hemoragik adalah berjenis kelamin laki-laki, berusia 51-60 thn, bekerja sebagai ibu rumah tangga, memiliki kadar kolesterol total optimal, kadar kolesterol HDL diinginkan, kadar kolesterol LDL mendekati optimal, kadar trigliserida optimal. Berdasarkan hasil penilitian ini disimpulkan bahwa pasien stroke iskemik dan stroke hemoragik lebih banyak memiliki kadar profil lipid yang normal. Kata kunci: stroke, profil lipid

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