scholarly journals KONFLIK ANTAR NILAI BAGI SUKSESI PERUBAHAN KEBIJAKAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN ORGANISASI

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-79
Author(s):  
Fajar Apriani
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Organizational Life ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Value Conflicts ◽  
Conflict Handling ◽  
The Right ◽  
Do So

Besides the allocation of various resources, the allocation of values to manage various interests through public policy is the background of the emergence of conflict. The high potential of conflict requires the presence of a policy maker who can be in a neutral position. But in the reality of organizational life, the resulting public policy often triggers conflict itself. The cause of conflict is the variation and conflict of values or interests held by each actor. In general, such conditions are further exacerbated by the way public policy is managed which tends to ignore values and value conflicts as well as elitist-technocratic managed policy processes that limit or minimize the space of reasoning between interest actors. This condition becomes an obstacle in policy succession as part of policy changes for organizational development. Then a leader of an organization must be able to identify the orientation dimensions of conflict handling and be aware of the right conditions or situations to do so because understanding and decision making regarding appropriate conflict handling steps will be able to bring the organization to the use of functional conflicts for organizational development.

scholarly journals Simple nudges that are not so easy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
DENISE DE RIDDER ◽  
JORAM FEITSMA ◽  
MARIËTTE VAN DEN HOVEN ◽  
FLOOR KROESE ◽  
THOMAS SCHILLEMANS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Autonomous Choice ◽  
Autonomous Decision ◽  
Policy Arrangements ◽  
The Right

Abstract In this paper, we critically review three assumptions that govern the debate on the legitimacy of nudging interventions as a policy instrument: (1) nudges may violate autonomous decision-making; (2) nudges lend themselves to easy implementation in public policy; and (3) nudges are a simple and effective mean for steering individual choice in the right direction. Our analysis reveals that none of these assumptions are supported by recent studies entailing unique insights into nudging from three disciplinary outlooks: ethics, public administration and psychology. We find that nudges are less of a threat to autonomous choice than critics sometimes claim, making them ethically more legitimate than often assumed. Nonetheless, because their effectiveness is critically dependent on boundary conditions, their implementation is far from easy. The findings of this analysis thus suggest new opportunities for identifying when and for whom nudge interventions are preferable to more conventional public policy arrangements.

Dialectical Interactions: Decoupling and Integrating Ethics in Ethics Initiatives

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spoma Jovanovic ◽  
Roy V. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Life ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Ethics Code ◽  
Positive Feature ◽  
Integrating Ethics ◽  
Do So

ABSTRACT:Evidence abounds that when ethics initiatives are decoupled from the actual work of organizations, ethics policies may become little more than “window dressing” (Weaver, Trevino, and Cochran 1999; Collen and Gonella 2002). We found, however, an unexpected, positive feature of decoupling in the study of a local government; namely, when organizational members engage in discussions that turn away from the letter of an ethics code they often do so to address higher ethical principles embedded in the spirit of the code. The decoupled understanding of the code in these cases becomes a symbolic, legitimating gesture grounded not in strict provisions but in creative and complex interactions. This counterintuitive explanation of decoupling capitalizes on discourse that evolves from a legalistic interpretation to rich discussions that value the multiplicity of voices within organizational life. What follows is that ethical decision making emerges as creative, dynamic, and responsive to its constituents.

When I'm 64' Public Policy Influences on Wellbeing in Retirement

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Fudge
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Do So

Findings from a qualitative study of recently retired non-professional men in the southern metropolitan area of Adelaide, South Australia, highlighted policies that contributed to the men's feelings of increased autonomy and acceptance of retirement as a life stage; factors they related strongly to their experience of wellbeing in retirement. The policies aimed for full employment, high levels of home ownership, financial security in retirement, centralised wage fixing, high minimum wages and optional retirement age. However, the discourse of economic rationalism of Australian governments since the late 1980s appears to be placing many of these policies in jeopardy. Health workers are in a prime position to review, report and act on the effects on the health of citizens of such major policy changes. This article challenges them to do so in collaboration with the communities with whom they work.

Soviet New Thinking and the Withdrawal from Afghanistan

2019 ◽  
pp. 76-101
Author(s):  
Beth A. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Reagan Administration ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
The West ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Face Saving ◽  
Do So

Triumphalists make no effort to understand why the Soviets disarmed, reformed, and collapsed. They simply assume the Reagan administration caused these policy changes. Chapters 4 and 5 correct this misperception. Drawing upon Soviet sources, these chapters examine decision making within the Kremlin and the causes of Soviet behavior. Chapter 4 discredits the claim that the Soviet Union became more cooperative with the West and withdrew from its war in Afghanistan because the Reagan administration compelled it to do so. It demonstrates that a reform movement had been growing in the USSR since the 1950s. Soviet reformers sought to modernize the economy, end the arms race, and improve relations with the West. Moreover, within weeks of launching the 1979 invasion of Afghanistan, Soviet leaders concluded that it was a mistake and began looking for a face-saving way out. Thus, these policies were rooted in domestic needs and debates and were not examples of Moscow acquiescing to American demands, as triumphalists claim. In short, the Reagan administration did not compel Moscow to adopt democratic reforms and withdraw from Afghanistan.

scholarly journals Athafnafólk í opinberri stefnumótun á óvissutímum: Hvernig hugmyndin um notendastýrða persónulega aðstoð varð að veruleika á Íslandi

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Sigurbjörg Sigurgeirsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Personal Assistance ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The Government ◽  
American Political Scientist ◽  
The Right

This research seeks to explain a landmark change in the provision of public services for people with disabilities in Iceland. Public policy has for long been characterized by incremental changes. Every now and then, major policy changes take place and longstanding policy objectives pushed by interest groups come through. Agenda-setting theories seek to explain major policy changes by focusing on how and why a policy issue gets on governments ́ agenda at a given point in time. The American political scientist, John W. Kingdon, presented his theory of three streams and the window of opportunity some 30 years ago. European scientists maintain in their recent research that Kingdon ́s approach is helpful in shedding light on how the political system in which public policy-making takes place operates and how behaviour and strategies of those participating in the process influence the outcome. This qualitative research examines how the idea about user-driven personal assistance came to fruition in Iceland. The study is based on existing data and interviews with key people involved in the policy development leading to the decision to implement the programme of user-driven personal assistance. The research describes how and why this idea reached the government agenda and came to be implemented by Icelandic authorities. The conclusions show how the process of decentralisation opened opportunities for a new ideology which benefitted service users, and business as well as political interests. The conclusions indicate that not only was there a right man at the right place at the right time, but it provides theoretical explanations about what characterises policy entrepreneurs and how and why their activities matter in times of uncertainty.

Debates in Dysphagia Management: How Do You Use Evidence-Based Practice in Your Dysphagia Patient Care?

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-123
Author(s):  
Jeri A. Logemann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Do So

Evidence-based practice requires astute clinicians to blend our best clinical judgment with the best available external evidence and the patient's own values and expectations. Sometimes, we value one more than another during clinical decision-making, though it is never wise to do so, and sometimes other factors that we are unaware of produce unanticipated clinical outcomes. Sometimes, we feel very strongly about one clinical method or another, and hopefully that belief is founded in evidence. Some beliefs, however, are not founded in evidence. The sound use of evidence is the best way to navigate the debates within our field of practice.

Awareness and Decision Making in Professional Ethics

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Swain
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Ethical Awareness ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aid Decision

The paper describes the development of the 1998 revision of the Psychological Society of Ireland's Code of Professional Ethics. The Code incorporates the European Meta-Code of Ethics and an ethical decision-making procedure borrowed from the Canadian Psychological Association. An example using the procedure is presented. To aid decision making, a classification of different kinds of stakeholder (i.e., interested party) affected by ethical decisions is offered. The author contends (1) that psychologists should assert the right, which is an important aspect of professional autonomy, to make discretionary judgments, (2) that to be justified in doing so they need to educate themselves in sound and deliberative judgment, and (3) that the process is facilitated by a code such as the Irish one, which emphasizes ethical awareness and decision making. The need for awareness and judgment is underlined by the variability in the ethical codes of different organizations and different European states: in such a context, codes should be used as broad yardsticks, rather than precise templates.

A CAS Approach to Public Policy Decision Making

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenda H. Eoyang ◽  
Lois Yellowthunder ◽  
Vic Ward
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Policy Decision Making
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