Athafnafólk í opinberri stefnumótun á óvissutímum: Hvernig hugmyndin um notendastýrða persónulega aðstoð varð að veruleika á Íslandi

This research seeks to explain a landmark change in the provision of public services for people with disabilities in Iceland. Public policy has for long been characterized by incremental changes. Every now and then, major policy changes take place and longstanding policy objectives pushed by interest groups come through. Agenda-setting theories seek to explain major policy changes by focusing on how and why a policy issue gets on governments ́ agenda at a given point in time. The American political scientist, John W. Kingdon, presented his theory of three streams and the window of opportunity some 30 years ago. European scientists maintain in their recent research that Kingdon ́s approach is helpful in shedding light on how the political system in which public policy-making takes place operates and how behaviour and strategies of those participating in the process influence the outcome. This qualitative research examines how the idea about user-driven personal assistance came to fruition in Iceland. The study is based on existing data and interviews with key people involved in the policy development leading to the decision to implement the programme of user-driven personal assistance. The research describes how and why this idea reached the government agenda and came to be implemented by Icelandic authorities. The conclusions show how the process of decentralisation opened opportunities for a new ideology which benefitted service users, and business as well as political interests. The conclusions indicate that not only was there a right man at the right place at the right time, but it provides theoretical explanations about what characterises policy entrepreneurs and how and why their activities matter in times of uncertainty.

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Ethics and Public Policy

News for Teachers of Political Science ◽

10.1017/s0197901900001902 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

George J. Graham

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Policy Analysis ◽

Policy Process ◽

Policy Issue ◽

Policy Choice ◽

Single Text ◽

Public Policy Analysis ◽

The Government ◽

New Framework ◽

Selection Of

The purpose of this course is to introduce a new framework linking the humanities to public policy analysis as pursued in the government and the academy. Current efforts to link the particular contributions from the humanities to problems of public policy choice are often narrow either in terms of their perspective on the humanities or in terms of their selection of the possible means of influencing policy choice. Sometimes a single text from one of the humanities disciplines is selected to apply to a particular issue. At other times, arguments about the ethical dimensions of a single policy issue often are pursued with a single — or sometimes, no — point of access to the policy process in mind.

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THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INDONESIA’S PUBLIC POLICY TO IMMIGRATION SELECTIVE POLICY BASED ON LAW NO. 6 OF 2011

Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Keimigrasian ◽

10.52617/jikk.v1i2.33 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 169-178

Author(s):

Muhammad Azzam Alfarizi

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Human Rights ◽

Service Needs ◽

Human Beings ◽

The Third ◽

The Core ◽

The Government ◽

The Individual ◽

The Right ◽

Service Standards

The inherent right of the individual is an affirmation that human beings must be treated properly and civilized and must be respected, as the sounding of the second precept is: "Just and Civilized Humanity". Human rights are manifestations of the third principle, namely: "Indonesian Unity". If all rights are fulfilled, reciprocally the unity and integrity will be created. Rights are also protected and upheld as is the agreement of the fourth precepts that reads: "Democracy Led by Wisdom in Consultation / Representation". Human Rights also recognizes the right of every person for the honor and protection of human dignity and dignity, which is in accordance with the fifth precepts which read: "Social Justice for All Indonesian People" PASTI Values which are the core values of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights which is an acronym of Professional, Accountable, Synergistic, Transparent and Innovative is an expression of the performance of the immigration apparatus in providing human rights based services. If these values are in line with the values contained in Pancasila, the criteria for evaluating human rights-based public services are based on the accessibility and availability of facilities; the availability of alert officers and compliance of officials, employees, and implementers of Service Standards for each service area will be easily achieved. It is fitting that immigration personnel in providing services must be in accordance with the principles of human rights-based services and in harmony with the Pancasila philosophy. This is as an endeavor in fulfilling service needs in accordance with the mandate of the 1945 Constitution, provisions of applicable laws and human rights principles for every citizen and population for services provided by the government in this case Immigration.

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Pushing for Policy Innovation

The Politics of Social Protection in Eastern and Southern Africa ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198850342.003.0005 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 122-147

Author(s):

Marianne S. Ulriksen

Keyword(s):

Old Age ◽

Policy Development ◽

Social Protection ◽

Safety Net ◽

Domestic Institutions ◽

Social Safety Net ◽

Political Interests ◽

The Government ◽

Policy Solutions

In the early 2000s, there was low elite commitment to social protection in Tanzania. Yet, in 2012, the government officially launched a countrywide social safety net programme and a year later announced the introduction of an old-age pension. This chapter explores what explains the change in elite commitment to social protection between the early 2000s and 2015. The analysis takes an ideational approach, and it is shown how the promotion of social protection has been driven by international and domestic institutions with the resources, expertise, and authority to present policy solutions fitting the elite’s general ideas about Tanzania’s development challenges and possible responses thereto. Thus, ideas play an important role in policy development but they may also be vulnerable to political interests that can challenge the long-term sustainability of promoted policies.

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PUBLIC POLICY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT - SINGAPORE STYLE

Journal of Enterprising Culture ◽

10.1142/s021849589600006x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 04 (01) ◽

pp. 79-93

Author(s):

MARK GOH ◽

IRENE CHEW

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Policy Development ◽

Recent Attempt ◽

Government Agencies ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

Entrepreneurship Development ◽

New Business ◽

The Government ◽

Development And Management ◽

Micro Enterprises

In the recent attempt to add an external wing to its economy, Singapore has been using its various agencies and instruments to promote the growth of micro enterprises and other types of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Recognising the potential contribution by entrepreneurs to help sustain economic growth for the country, the Singapore government is now embarking on a proactive public policy to motivate new business entrepreneurship. This paper shows how the government has worked with industry to encourage entrepreneurship development. Particular attention is paid to the activities of various government agencies in relation to new business entrepreneurship and to the barriers of this activity in Singapore. The Singapore experience and programme offer useful insights for policy development and management by other countries in the region.

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An Integrated Approach to Redistribution: Issues of Policy, Economics and Information

10.26686/wgtn.16947322 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Mark Prebble

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Policy Development ◽

Personal Information ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Well Being ◽

The State ◽

Philosophical Foundations ◽

The Government ◽

The Individual ◽

The Right

This thesis considers how best to administer redistribution policies. It focuses particularly on the information needed to assess relative circumstances, the implications of the government collecting such information, and processes by which the appropriate information may be assembled and assessed. In New Zealand, as with many other OECD nations, the Government's redistribution policies are administered through a range of different agencies, with duplication in some areas and gaps in others. An integrated approach to redistribution systems may offer a means to improve equity and efficiency. Part One discusses the assessment of relative well-being, and adopts the choice set as the intellectual device for this purpose. The time period for the assessment of income is examined in detail, with the conclusion that a long period should be used except where the individual is constrained to operate under a short time horizon. A new concept of "bankability" is developed as a means of identifying those operating under such constraints. Part Two uses the philosophical foundations of the value of privacy to develop a new statement of the right to privacy, such that everyone should be protected against the requirement to divulge information, unless that information is the "business" of another party. A view on the business of the state depends on one's ideology of the state. Since it is generally accepted in New Zealand in the late twentieth century that the state has a role in redistribution, the state has some right to collect information for that purpose. However, the rights of the state are moderated by the existence of a common law tradition of respect for individuals. A set of criteria for evaluating redistribution systems is devised in Part Three. These criteria, which include consideration of the information to be collected, individual control over personal information, and administrative simplicity, are then used to identify significant weaknesses in the systems currently used in New Zealand. The main problems identified are the collection of inadequate information, duplication, and complex institutional structures; the main virtue of the current systems is that information provided is only used for the purpose for which it was provided. An alternative approach is outlined which would address the problems while retaining the current protection of privacy interests. This thesis is a mix of inter-disciplinary academic enquiry and policy development. Part One is an amalgam of economic and philosophical approaches, Part Two involves philosophy and politics, and Part Three applies the theoretical considerations to issues of public administration.

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Ideologisasi Konsep Reformasi dalam Historiogra fi Buku Teks Pelajaran Sejarah di Sekolah

MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN ◽

10.17509/mimbardik.v1i1.1753 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Mi’raj Dodi Kurniawan ◽

Andi Suwirta

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

History Textbooks ◽

Senior High School ◽

New Order ◽

Politics Of Education ◽

Political Interests ◽

Key Word ◽

The Government ◽

The Right ◽

Or History

ABSTRAKSI: Salah satu karya historiografi yang disusun dan dipublikasikan untuk tujuan pendidikan adalah buku teks pelajaran untuk SMA/MA (Sekolah Menengah Atas/Madrasah Aliyah), Kelas XII. Selain harus memenuhi syarat ilmiah, buku teks pelajaran sejarahpun disesuaikan dengan kebijakan dan kepentingan politik pendidikan dari pemerintah, yang termaktub dalam dan diwakili oleh kurikulum pendidikan sejarah. Dalam konteks ini, sejarah tidak diposisikan sebagai “sejarah untuk sejarah” atau sejarah dalam ruang kedap kepentingan, melainkan dijadikan alat pendidikan oleh pemerintah. Hal ini terlihat dari adanya ideologisasi (penyebarluasan ide dan pandangan) pemerintah terhadap peserta didik melalui buku teks pelajaran sejarah. Bentuk ideologisasi yang terdapat dalam historiografi buku teks pelajaran sejarah SMA/MA kelas XII diantaranya berupa ideologisasi konsep “reformasi”. Dalam buku teks ini, bukan saja konsep “reformasi” itu bermakna dan diopinikan baik, manakala pada zaman Orde Baru bersifat buruk, melainkan juga para pembacanya diarahkan untuk menyetujui sikap tim penulis yang adalah juga sikap resmi pemerintah, bahwa pemerintahan Orde Baru yang buruk itu harus dikoreksi oleh pemerintahan Reformasi. Betapa pun masih mengalami banyak kendala, namun dikatakan bahwa “reformasi” ialah langkah tepat dan memberi optimisme bagi bangsa Indonesia dalam mencapai tujuan pembentukan negara-bangsa.KATA KUNCI: Ideologisasi, buku teks, konsep reformasi, kepentingan pemerintah, dan politik pendidikan. ABSTRACT: “The Ideologization Process of the Concept of Reform in the Historiography of History Textbooks in Schools”. One of the works of historiography which is prepared and published for the purpose of education is textbooks for SMA/MA (Senior High School/Islamic Senior High School), grade twelve. In addition to fulfilling scientific requirements, history textbooks are suited to the educational policies and the political interests of the government, embodied in and represented by the curriculum of history education. In this context, history is not positioned as a "history for history" or history in the tight space of interests; rather, it is an educational tool of the government. This is evident from the process of ideologization (the dissemination of ideas and views) of the government towards learners through history textbooks. The form of ideologization process contained in the historiography of the history textbooks of SMA /MA grade twelve, among others, is the ideologization of “reform” concept. In the textbooks, not only is the concept of "reform" meaningful and well-regarded, which the New Order government era was considered bad, but readers are also directed to approve the attitude of a team of writers who are also the official stance of the government, that the New Order government was bad, and it should be corrected by the Reform government. Although there are still many obstacles, it can be said that "reform" is the right step and it gives optimism to the nation of Indonesia in achieving the goal of establishing the nation-state.KEY WORD: Process of ideologization, textbooks, concept of reform, governments’ interests, and politics of education.<img src="/public/site/images/wirta/05.a_.miraj_.id_.ok_.jpg" alt="" /> <img src="/public/site/images/wirta/05.b_.mas_.upi_.ok_.jpg" alt="" />About the Authors: Mi’raj Dodi Kurniawan, S.Pd. adalah Alumni Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah UPI (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia) dan Mahasiswa Program Magister S-2 Pendidikan Sejarah di Sekolah Pascasarjana UPI. Andi Suwirta, M.Hum. adalah Dosen Senior di Departemen Pendidikan Sejarah UPI Bandung. Alamat emel penulis: <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a> dan <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>How to cite this article? Kurniawan, Mi’raj Dodi & Andi Suwirta. (2016). “Ideologisasi Konsep Reformasi dalam Historiografi Buku Teks Pelajaran Sejarah di Sekolah” in MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN: Jurnal Indonesia untuk Kajian Pendidikan, Vol.1(1) Maret, pp.55-68. Bandung, Indonesia: UPI Press. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (January 25, 2016); Revised (February 25, 2016); and Published (March 11, 2016).

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Donor support will be key to Benin’s recovery

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db217156 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Government Reform ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Regional Trade ◽

Content Type ◽

Business Interests ◽

Political Interests ◽

Donor Support ◽

Fiscal Reforms ◽

Popular Pressure ◽

The Government

Subject Benin's development challenges. Significance Nine months after the business tycoon Patrice Talon became president of Benin, his government is pursuing a development programme costing 9 trillion CFA francs (14.4 billion dollars). Much of this five-year “Benin Revealed” programme announced last month must be funded through commercial investment. Talon’s government faces significant economic challenges as fiscal reforms in Nigeria have weakened Cotonou’s position as a regional trade gateway. Impacts Popular pressure will grow on parliamentarians to declare their assets, following the president’s lead in November. Donor demanded anti-corruption measures will face resistance from entrenched business and political interests. The government will press Nigeria for a phased introduction of trade policy changes. Stalling government reform could prompt deeper media inquiries into Talon’s business interests.

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American Exceptionalism and Social Security: Complementary Cultural and Structural Contributions to Social Program Development

The Review of Politics ◽

10.1017/s0034670500015278 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 510-529 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Charles Lockhart

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Social Security ◽

Policy Development ◽

Policy Issue ◽

American Exceptionalism ◽

The United States ◽

Social Program ◽

Public Policy Issue ◽

Structural Variables ◽

Actual Operation

Although scholars routinely agree that a relative absence of socialism marks one way in which the United States is exceptional, they have argued over why we are distinct in this way. As representatives of an enduring comparative public policy issue, two “camps” of analysts have offered broad, competing explanations resting on cultural and structural variables, respectively. This article implements a strategy for demonstrating: (1) specific cultural and structural independent variables are applied most appropriately to explain specific aspects of policy development, and (2) cultural and structural contributions are thus complementary rather than competing. I proceed by focusing on an exception to the “laggard” character of the American welfare state, the unusual success of the social security program. Dealing with the obverse of the usual “why-America-lags” concern provides a more observable dependent variable, enabling us to highlight the actual operation of distinct cultural and structural forces. I then show how this strategy can be applied to broader questions of American exceptionalism and public policy development.

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‘The Government Should Be Ashamed’: On the Possibility of Organisations’ Emotional Duties

Political Studies ◽

10.1177/0032321717739553 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 813-829 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stephanie Collins

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

International Politics ◽

Electoral Politics ◽

Moral Value ◽

The Government ◽

The Right ◽

Functional Components ◽

In Virtue Of

When we say that ‘the government should be ashamed’, can we be taken literally? I argue that we can: organisations have duties over their emotions. Emotions have both functional and felt components. Often, emotions’ moral value derives from their functional components: from what they cause and what causes them. In these cases, organisations can have emotional duties in the same way that they can have duties to act. However, emotions’ value partly derives from their felt components. Organisations lack feelings, but can have duties to increase the likelihood that their members have relevant emotions (with the right felt components), in virtue of and in accordance with their role in the organisation. To systematise these conclusions, I provide a taxonomy of organisations’ – and individuals’ organisationally situated – emotional duties. This taxonomy will enable scholars of electoral politics, international politics and public policy to systematically integrate emotions into the study of organisations.

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The Government and Civil Society Collaboration against COVID-19 in South Korea: A Single or Multiple Actor Play?

Nonprofit Policy Forum ◽

10.1515/npf-2020-0051 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Bok Gyo Jeong ◽

Sung-Ju Kim

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Civil Society ◽

South Korea ◽

Policy Development ◽

Collaborative Governance ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

The Public ◽

South Korean ◽

The Government ◽

The Public Sphere

Abstract This study examines, from a collaborative governance perspective, the public policy process of South Korea in responding to the global health pandemic. In many countries, attention has been focused primarily on governmental capacity and political leadership in containing the COVID-19 pandemic. In South Korea, however, the role of civil society as a collaborative partner to government is especially important. To analyze the comprehensive and substantive nature of government-civil society collaboration, this study assesses the response to COVID-19 along two dimensions: the level of civil society involvement in governance, and the stage in public policy development. The study reveals that the South Korean government was a coordinator of multiple actors and multiple sectors of society, including civil society, and that all three facets of civil society as described by Edwards (2004), were involved: associational life, civility, and engagement in the public sphere.

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