STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF RUSSIAN MULTIWORD PREPOSITIONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Zakharov ◽  
Anastasia Golovina ◽  
Irina Azarova
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Multiword Expressions ◽  
Free Word ◽  
Heterogeneous Class

This paper is part of a larger study that aims to create the first quantitative grammar of the Russian prepositional system. The present study deals with Russian secondary multiword prepositions. Prepositions are a heterogeneous class consisting of a small group of about 25 primary prepositions and hundreds of secondary ones, the latter being motivated by content words (nouns, adverbs, verbs), which may be combined with primary prepositions to form multiword prepositions (MWPs). A strict division between secondary multiword prepositions and equivalent free word combinations is not specified. This is a task for a special corpus-based research. Prepositions are characterized as function words used to express various relationships between main and dependent members of a phrase. The difficulty is that relations expressed by prepositions are multi-sided, grammatical and lexical. Primary prepositions are said to have no real lexical meaning. It is not quite true as regards primary prepositions and even more so for secondary ones. Prepositions express semantic relations between words, and their meanings directly correspond to these relations. Multiword prepositions perform the grammatical function of a preposition in a certain position of a syntactic structure in some contexts and can be a free combination in others. This paper is devoted to the statistical analysis of the use of multiword prepositions in corpora. The features of multiword prepositions in the function of a preposition are described. Statistical data on the ratio of the use of individual multiword expressions as prepositional units and as free combinations are provided

scholarly journals Monitoring High Throughput Distributed System using Statistical Data Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4590-4596
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Distributed System ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Data Pipeline ◽  
Cloud Data Centers

Monitoring high throughput distributed system by using a statistical analysis of the “historical time series” of an Instrumentation Data”. “The Pipeline has been made to process the information which can be otherwise called data pipeline, is a lot of information handling components associated in arrangement, where yield of one component is the contribution of the next one”. Several codes are giving different visualization for statistical analysis of data. “Network and Cloud Data Centers” generate a lot of data every second; this data can be gathered as period arrangement information. A timeseries is a grouping taken at progressive similarly dispersed focuses in time that implies at a particular time interval to a particular time, the estimations of explicit information that was taken is known as information of a time-series. “This time-series information can be gathered utilizing framework measurements like CPU, Memory, and Disk utilization”. The TICK and ELK Stack is abbreviation for a foundation of open source instruments worked “to make collection, storage, graphing, and alerting” on time arrangement data incredibly easy. As an information collector, using Telegraf, “for storing and analyzing” information and the time-series database InfluxDB and Elasticsearch. For plotting and visualizing used Grafana and Kibana. Watchman is utilized for alert refinement and once system metrics usage exceeds the specified threshold, the alert is generated and sends it to the Telegram.

ANALYSIS OF MEASURES OF PROPERTY SUPPORT FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES IN THE REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Aleksey RUCHKIN ◽  
Olga RUSCHITSKAYA ◽  
Tatiana KRUZHKOVA ◽  
Nisha OJHA
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Federal District ◽  
The State ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
Direct Payments ◽  
Financial Losses

Under the conditions of the pandemic, the issue of support for small and medium-sized enterprises becomes especially relevant, since they are the ones that suffer financial losses more than other enterprises in the period of restrictions and reduction of the purchasing power of citizens. Most often tax measures of support and direct payments from the state are considered, in our article we will talk about property measures that have a significant impact on the stabilization and development for existing entities and sustainable formation for start-up entrepreneurs. The article uses both statistical analysis, including within the boundaries of the federal district, and sociological research that complements and specifies statistical data. As a result, the main problems of providing measures of property support were identified, which will allow the authorities and development institutions to adjust their policies and instruments.

Plotand Event-Driven Functions of Perfect Verbs in a Fiction Text

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Elena A. Bazhenova ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina E. Dymont ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Mental Action ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Event Driven ◽  
Inner World

The article examines the role of Russian perfect verbs in text formation. Based on the texts of modern Russian writers (S. Vasilenko, D. Granin, E. Limonov, V. Pelevin, T. Tolstaya, V. Tokareva, L. Ulitskaya), the functions of the verb forms with perfect meaning in the plot organization of a fiction text are considered. The principal attention is paid to the analysis of the functions of 1) regression of the narrative, 2) progress of the narrative with a pause in the external environment or in the inner world of the character, 3) pause in the narrative. Narrative regression is interpreted as a reference to the past, progress as a perspective of the narrative, and pause as a fixation of the state of the environment or the internal state of the character. It has been established that these functions are realized within the framework of a perfect situation as a functional-semantic field. The nucleus of the field is a perfect verb or passive past participles; the periphery of the field is formed by multi-level language units that actualize the perfect meaning in the context. It has been revealed that the perfect situation has a complex semantic structure, in which three components are holistically represented: pre-perfect state, action, and post-perfect state. This structure allows expressing different types of links: between the temporal plans of the text, between the cause of an event and the consequent state of the event, between a mental action and the object of this action. In a fiction text, each component of syncretic perfect semantics can become a basis for the plot situation. It has been shown that plot- and event-driven functions of perfect verbs are determined by the position of the verb in the complex syntactic whole, by interaction with other predicates, by the syntactic structure, and by the lexical meaning of the verb. In particular, it has been established that the function of regression of the narrative is represented by perfect verbs as a part of complex sentences with temporal, causal, and deliberative subordinate clauses. The function of progress of the narrative with a pause in the external environment is performed by perfect verbs inside a complex syntactic whole. This function may also be realized on the border of two complex syntactic wholes. Progress of the narrative with a pause in the inner world of the character is expressed by mental verbs (ponyal, dogadalsya, osoznal, pochuvstvoval, reshil, etc.). A pause in the narrative is typically expressed by passive past participles. The contextual and semantic analysis of perfect situations allows concluding that perfect verbs have an impact on encoding and decoding of the meaning of the fiction text.

The Human Attack in Linguistic Steganography

Cyber Crime ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 1130-1146
Author(s):  
C. Orhan Orgun ◽  
Vineeta Chand
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Semantic Context ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Linguistic Steganography ◽  
Original Message

This chapter develops a linguistically robust encryption system, Lunabel, which converts a message into syntactically and semantically innocuous text. Drawing upon linguistic criteria, Lunabel uses word replacement, with substitution classes based on traditional linguistic features (syntactic categories and subcategories), as well as features under-exploited in earlier works: semantic criteria, graphotactic structure, and inflectional class. The original message is further hidden through the use of cover texts—within these, Lunabel retains all function words and targets specific classes of content words for replacement, creating text which preserves the syntactic structure and semantic context of the original cover text. Lunabel takes advantage of cover text styles which are not expected to be necessarily comprehensible to the general public, making any semantic anomalies more opaque. This line of work has the promise of creating encrypted texts which are less detectable to human readers than earlier steganographic efforts.

Morphological Units: A Theoretical and Psycholinguistic Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominiek Sandra
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Semantic Transparency ◽  
Relational Information ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Processing Level ◽  
Communicative Efficiency ◽  
Complex Words

Speakers can transfer meanings to each other because they represent them in a perceptible form. Phonology and syntactic structure are two levels of linguistic form. Morphemes are situated in-between them. Like phonemes they have a phonological component, and like syntactic structures they carry relational information. A distinction can be made between inflectional and lexical morphology. Both are devices in the service of communicative efficiency, by highlighting grammatical and semantic relations, respectively. Morphological structure has also been studied in psycholinguistics, especially by researchers who are interested in the process of visual word recognition. They found that a word is recognized more easily when it belongs to a large morphological family, which suggests that the mental lexicon is structured along morphological lines. The semantic transparency of a word’s morphological structure plays an important role. Several findings also suggest that morphology plays an important role at a pre-lexical processing level as well. It seems that morphologically complex words are subjected to a process of blind morphological decomposition before lexical access is attempted.

Developmental and stylistic variation in the composition of early vocabulary

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bates ◽  
Virginia Marchman ◽  
Donna Thal ◽  
Larry Fenson ◽  
Philip Dale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Function Word ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Closed Class

ABSTRACTResults are reported for stylistic and developmental aspects of vocabulary composition for 1, 803 children and families who participated in the tri-city norming of a new parental report instrument, the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories. We replicate previous studies with small samples showing extensive variation in use of common nouns between age o;8 and 1;4 (i.e. ‘referential style’), and in the proportion of vocabulary made up of closed-class words between 1;4 and 2;6 (i.e. ‘analytic’ vs. ‘holistic’ style). However, both style dimensions are confounded with developmental changes in the composition of the lexicon, including three ‘waves’ of reorganization: (1) an initial increase in percentage of common nouns from 0 to 100 words, followed by a proportional decrease; (2) a slow linear increase in verbs and other predicates, with the greatest gains taking place between 100 and 400 words; (3) no proportional development at all in the use of closed-class vocabulary between 0 and 400 words, followed by a sharp increase from 400 to 680 words. When developmental changes in noun use are controlled, referential-style measures do not show the association with developmental precocity reported in previous studies, although these scores are related to maternal education. By contrast, when developmental changes in grammatical function word use are controlled, high closed-class scores are associated with a slower rate of development. We suggest that younger children may have less perceptual acuity and/or shorter memory spans than older children with the same vocabulary size. As a result, the younger children may ignore unstressed function words until a later point in development while the older children tend to reproduce perceptual details that they do not yet understand. Longitudinal data show that early use of function words (under 400 words) is not related to grammatical levels after the 4OO-word point, confirming our ‘stylistic’ interpretation of early closed-class usage. We close with recommendations for the unconfounding of stylistic and developmental variance in research on individual differences in language development, and provide look-up tables that will permit other investigators to pull these aspects apart.

Statistical analysis of 307,601 tumors and other lesions of the foot

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 699-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Berlin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Office Procedures

This laboratory study is limited to lesions submitted from office procedures and makes no claims or comparison regarding statistical data from hospitals, where most malignancies are excised. This study is ongoing, and will be updated regularly to observe trends and alert practitioners to changing patterns of incidence.

Statistical Analysis of Real Income of the Population of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
I. Darymov ◽  
Aleksandr Kalyanov
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Difficult Times

The article raises such an acute problem as the disproportionate change in population growth with rising inflation. The relevance of this problem cannot raise any questions. Sometimes people ask the question: “Why is there not enough money for food, although, relatively speaking, it was enough before?” The economy of our country is going through difficult times. The fall in world oil prices has an impact on the Russian ruble, which is especially important in connection with the latest developments in the world. These and other questions are devoted to issues related to the growth of the population of the Russian Federation, and the opportunity to buy them. The research base is the website of the Federal State Statistics Service, which should use personal observations and knowledge. In preparing the articles, methods of correlation analysis using group statistical data were applied and the regression model was built on their basis. The authors proposed ideas for solving global problems in the entire economic system of the Russian Federation.

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