scholarly journals OBTAINING BIOCHAR FROM RICE HUSK AND STRAW

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
N. O. Appazov ◽  
B. M. Bazarbayev ◽  
T. Assylbekkyzy ◽  
B. M. Diyarova ◽  
S. A. Kanzhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Adsorption Activity ◽  
A Value ◽  
Water Pore ◽  
Iodine Adsorption ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

This paper presents the results of research on obtaining biochar from agricultural plant waste such as rice husk and straw. The selection of the optimal conditions for thermolysis, such as the duration and temperature of the process, has been conducted. The thermolysis products are characterized for iodine adsorption activity, cumulative water pore volume, and for bulk density. The porous structure of the obtained products has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Based on the results of the research conducted, it has been found that biochars obtained from husk and straw with a thermolysis duration of 30 minutes have low iodine sorption characteristics and water pore volumes. With an increase in the duration of thermolysis, the sorption characteristics improve, the optimal for the husk is the thermolysis duration of 60 minutes at a temperature of 500°C, and for straw, the optimal thermolysis duration is 60 minutes at a temperature of 300°C. The best option is biochar obtained from rice straw at a duration of 60 minutes and a thermolysis temperature of 300°C, having an iodine adsorption activity of 54.61%, a cumulative water pore volume of 0.941 cm3/g and a bulk density of 169.29 g/dm3. The obtained biochars from rice husk and straw have been studied by scanning electron microscopy at 4300 and 5000 times magnification, and they have a developed porous structure. According to the literature, it is known that biochar can also be used as a renewable energy source. Research has been carried out to determine the calorific value of the obtained biochars. To compare the calorific value of rice husk, straw and the obtained biochars, their heating values have been determined on a calorimeter. The highest heating value has a biochar obtained from husk at a duration of 60 minutes and at a thermolysis temperature of 400°C with a value of 17.520 kJ/g, the optimal for biochar obtained from straw is a duration of 60 minutes and a thermolysis temperature of 400°C with a value of 16.451 kJ/g. The experimental data obtained make it possible to use the obtained biochar from rice straw in the future as a biofertilizer to improve the characteristics of soils, as well as to use biochar obtained from rice husk to produce renewable fuel.

Effects of Trans-Polyoctylene Rubber in Polypropylene/Recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene/Rice Husk Powder Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 613-617
Author(s):  
Santiagoo Ragunathan ◽  
Sung Ting Sam ◽  
Abdul Ghani Azlinda ◽  
Hussin Kamaruddin ◽  
Ismail Hanafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Good Adhesion ◽  
Rubber Composite ◽  
Powder Composites ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Composites of polypropylene/Acylonitrile butadiene rubber/Rice husk powder/ (PP/NBRr/RHP) with and without trans-polyoctylene rubber (TOR) were prepared, and the effects of trans-polyoctylene rubber were investigated. By using rice husk powder of 150300μm, five different compositions of PP/NBRr/RHP composites (i.e.100/0, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40 and 40/60 phr) were prepared in an internal mixer at 180 °C and 50 rpm rotor speed. The results indicate that the incorporation of TOR improved the tensile properties of PP/NBRr/RHPcomposites. Scanning electron microscopy of the fractured surfaces proved that TOR promoted good adhesion between the PP-NBRr matrices and RHP.Keywords: Polypropylene; Trans-polyoctylene rubber; Rice husk powder; Acrylonitrile Butadiene rubber; composite

scholarly journals Derivation of Nanocellulose from Native Rice Husk

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Md Iqbal Hossain ◽  
Humayra Zaman ◽  
Taslima Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Ultrasonic Treatment ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

<p>Nanocellulose has been in numerous applications and can be obtained from bioresources. This work demonstrates the derivation of nanocellulose from an alternative option i.e. rice husk. The processed rice husk was refined by chemical and mechanical treatments. Nanocellulose was subsequently derived from the refined rice husk through acid hydrolysis followed by centrifugation, dialysis and ultrasonic treatment. Scanning Electron Microscopy ensured the nanoscale diameter while Fourier Transformed InfraRed Spectroscopy confirmed the removal of noncellulosic materials. It is therefore proposed that the native rice husk can also be utilized for manufacturing nanocellulose reducing its adverse environmental impacts.</p><p>Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 20(2018) 19-22</p>

Mechanical Properties and Morphologies of Rice Husk Silica/Epoxy Nanocomposites

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 220-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Qing Liu ◽  
Ji Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Flexural Test ◽  
Neat Resin ◽  
Rice Husk Silica ◽  
Scanning Electron

Amorphous rice husk silica with purity of 99.3% and the specific surface area value of 212 mP2P/g was obtained by burning the dilute HCl treated rice husk at 600°C. After being modified with γ-glycidyloxipropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-550), silica particles with size ranging from 30 to 50 nm were obtained and subsequently used as filler to prepare epoxy-based nanocomposites with 0, 1, 3, 5 and 10 wt% silica content. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were characterized in terms of tensile and flexural test. The morphologies of fracture surfaces of nanocomposites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Depending on the silica content, the stiffness, strength and toughness of the nanocomposites can be increased more or less compared with neat resin.

Edge Profiles of Currently Available Intraocular Lenses and Recent Improvements

2009 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Werner ◽  
Manfred Tetz ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Digital Computer ◽  
Intraocular Lenses ◽  
A Value ◽  
High Area ◽  
Edge Profile ◽  
Hydrophobic Acrylic ◽  
Scanning Electron

We evaluated the microstructure of the edges of currently available foldable intraocular lenses (IOLs). The methodology used assisted an IOL manufacturer (Hoya, Japan) to optimise the edge profile of its lenses. Ten designs of hydrophobic acrylic, six designs of silicone and 24 designs of hydrophilic acrylic IOLs were imaged under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the photographs were imported to a digital computer program. The area above the posterior–lateral edge, representing the deviation from a perfect square, was measured in square microns. There was a large variation of the area values measured in currently available foldable IOLs labelled as square-edged lenses. As a group, the edges of hydrophilic acrylic lenses were less square than those of hydrophobic acrylic and silicone lenses. Hydrophobic acrylic AF-1 Hoya lenses had a high area value (329.7μ2). Through manufacturing changes, the edges of the lenses were then optimised to a value down to 39.1μ2, which represents the most square hydrophobic acrylic edge currently available.

Comparative Study of Different Source of Silica-Filled Epoxy Resin

2013 ◽  
Vol 631-632 ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Sun ◽  
Xue Qing Liu ◽  
Ji Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Fume Silica ◽  
Rice Husk Silica ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Better Than

The mechanical properties and morphologies of fume precipitate and rice husk silica filled EP composites have been compared. The density, specific area of the silica decreases in the order of fume silica, precipitate silica and rice husk silica, while the silica size increases with the order above. It is shown that the fume silica/EP exhibits the highest flexural strength and modulus, followed by the precipitate silica/EP and the rice husk silica/EP. The rice husk silica/EP exhibits the highest in impact strength as silica is 1 phr. Over 5 phr of silica, fume silica/EP has the highest in impact strength, while the rice silica/EP is better than precipitate silica/EP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show that the fume silica has best dispersion and least filler agglomerates in matrix. The better dispersion will be responsible for the higher reinforcing and processing viscosity of the fume silica.

Low Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 762-763
Author(s):  
David C Joy ◽  
Dale E Newbury
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Secondary Electrons ◽  
A Value ◽  
Rapid Fall ◽  
Voltage Scanning ◽  
Scanning Electron

Low Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy (LVSEM), defined as operation in the energy range below 5keV, has become perhaps the most important single operational mode of the SEM. This is because the LVSEM offers advantages in the imaging of surfaces, in the observation of poorly conducting and insulating materials, and for high spatial resolution X-ray microanalysis. These benefits all occur because a reduction in the energy E0 of the incident beam leads to a rapid fall in the range R of the electrons since R ∼ k.E01.66. The reduction in the penetration of the beam has important consequences. Firstly, volume of the specimen that is sampled by the beam shrinks dramatically (varying as about E05 ) and so the information generated by the beam is confined to the surface of the sample. Secondly, the yield 8 of secondary electrons is increased from a typical value of 0.1 at 20keV to a value that may be in excess of 1.0 at 1keV.

Microstructural and mechanical characterization of novel AA7075 composites reinforced with rice husk ash and carbonized eggshells

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072110312
Author(s):  
Vivudh Gupta ◽  
Balbir Singh ◽  
RK Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Scanning Electron

This paper investigates microstructural and mechanical characteristics of novel AA7075 composites supplemented with agricultural waste, i.e. rice husk ash and poultry waste, i.e. carbonized eggshells. Both these wastes possess important constituents which make them potential reinforcement material for composites, and their utilization also reduces the problem of disposal to a certain extent. AA7075 composites with varying weight percentages of rice husk ash and carbonized eggshells were prepared through stir casting route. The sum of weight percentages of both reinforcements was kept constant at 5 wt.%. Composites were tested for density and different mechanical properties. Prior to these tests, composites were examined through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques, wherein uniform distribution of reinforcements was observed. Inclusion of light weight reinforcements decreased the density of composites. Among these composites, highest hardness value was shown by composite having 5 wt.% of rice husk ash with 24.47% enhancement over unreinforced AA7075. Maximum tensile strength and compression strength were exhibited by hybrid composite with 3.75 wt.% rice husk ash and 1.25 wt.% carbonized eggshells. This increment is 28.20% and 16%, respectively, over base composition. Impact strength decreased as the weight percentage of CES increased, thereby indicating brittleness in behaviour. Fractography analysis of tensile and impact test specimens was done through scanning electron microscopy to determine failure mode wherein presence of cracks, voids, dimples, debonding, etc. was observed. Hence, these light weight and low cost green AA7075 composites showed improved properties making them as an alternative as well as sustainable material for automotive and aerospace applications.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Variasi Suhu Sintering Menggunakan Metode Pencampuran Basah

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
M Muntamijayati ◽  
◽  
Suprihatin Suprihatin ◽  
Yanti Yanti ◽  
Simon Sembiring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
A Value ◽  
Degree Of Orientation ◽  
Mixing Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

The superconducting material BPSCCO-2212 with doping Pb = 0,2 has been synthesized by the wet mixing method. Calculation is caried out at 800 °C for 10 hours. While sintering is done at 825 °C, 830 °C, 835 °C and 840 °C for 20 hours. The synthesis result were characterized by XRD X-Ray Diffraction) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The XRD spectrum analysis results that have been processed using celref, show that in general the samples produced have formed the BPSCCO-2212 phase (indicated the presence of Bi-2212 peaks) and have been oriented (indicated the existence of peaks with h = k = 0, l even number). For the calculation result obtanced the highest volume fraction value at 830 °C sintering temperature with a value FV = 66,97 % and the highest degree of orientation at 825 °C with a value of P = 76,54 %. The results of the SEM photo recorder generally show that the crystals formed are oriented.

Pathogenesis of Human Hair Defects

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
P.S. Porter ◽  
T. Aoyagi ◽  
R. Matta
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

Using standard techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), over 1000 human hair defects have been studied. In several of the defects, the pathogenesis of the abnormality has been clarified using these techniques. It is the purpose of this paper to present several distinct morphologic abnormalities of hair and to discuss their pathogenesis as elucidated through techniques of scanning electron microscopy.

Ultrastructural Analysis of the Salivary Glands of Gromphadorhina Portentosa (Schaum)

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
P.J. Dailey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Means Of Transmission ◽  
Gromphadorhina Portentosa ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Topographical Relief

The structure of insect salivary glands has been extensively investigated during the past decade; however, none have attempted scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in ultrastructural examinations of these secretory organs. This study correlates fine structure by means of SEM cryofractography with that of thin-sectioned epoxy embedded material observed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Salivary glands of Gromphadorhina portentosa were excised and immediately submerged in cold (4°C) paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative1 for 2 hr, washed and post-fixed in 1 per cent 0s04 in phosphosphate buffer (4°C for 2 hr). After ethanolic dehydration half of the samples were embedded in Epon 812 for TEM and half cryofractured and subsequently critical point dried for SEM. Dried specimens were mounted on aluminum stubs and coated with approximately 150 Å of gold in a cold sputtering apparatus.Figure 1 shows a cryofractured plane through a salivary acinus revealing topographical relief of secretory vesicles.

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