Microstructural and mechanical characterization of novel AA7075 composites reinforced with rice husk ash and carbonized eggshells

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072110312
Author(s):  
Vivudh Gupta ◽  
Balbir Singh ◽  
RK Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Scanning Electron

This paper investigates microstructural and mechanical characteristics of novel AA7075 composites supplemented with agricultural waste, i.e. rice husk ash and poultry waste, i.e. carbonized eggshells. Both these wastes possess important constituents which make them potential reinforcement material for composites, and their utilization also reduces the problem of disposal to a certain extent. AA7075 composites with varying weight percentages of rice husk ash and carbonized eggshells were prepared through stir casting route. The sum of weight percentages of both reinforcements was kept constant at 5 wt.%. Composites were tested for density and different mechanical properties. Prior to these tests, composites were examined through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques, wherein uniform distribution of reinforcements was observed. Inclusion of light weight reinforcements decreased the density of composites. Among these composites, highest hardness value was shown by composite having 5 wt.% of rice husk ash with 24.47% enhancement over unreinforced AA7075. Maximum tensile strength and compression strength were exhibited by hybrid composite with 3.75 wt.% rice husk ash and 1.25 wt.% carbonized eggshells. This increment is 28.20% and 16%, respectively, over base composition. Impact strength decreased as the weight percentage of CES increased, thereby indicating brittleness in behaviour. Fractography analysis of tensile and impact test specimens was done through scanning electron microscopy to determine failure mode wherein presence of cracks, voids, dimples, debonding, etc. was observed. Hence, these light weight and low cost green AA7075 composites showed improved properties making them as an alternative as well as sustainable material for automotive and aerospace applications.

Preparation of Activated Carbon-Based Catalyst from Candlenut Shell Impregnated with KOH for Biodiesel Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taslim ◽  
Octa Bani ◽  
Iriany ◽  
Novi Aryani ◽  
Gapenda Sari Kaban
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Impregnation Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Candlenut shell is an agricultural waste which can be processed into low-cost active carbon. Activated carbon cannot be used directly as a heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification of biodiesel because of its low alkalinity, thus treatment is required. In this study, the carbonization of candlenut shells was conducted at 500°C for 4 h. The activated carbon obtained was modified by impregnation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. KOH concentration used was 50g/150 ml aqua des and impregnation time was 24 h. The impregnated activated carbon was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy - energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and was further tested as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Suhu Sintering Terhadap Sintesis Silicon Carbide (SiC) Berbahan Dasar Abu Sekam Padi dan Grafit Pensil 2B

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Resky Irfanita ◽  
Asnaeni Ansar ◽  
Ayu Hardianti Pratiwi ◽  
Jasruddin J ◽  
Subaer S
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of sintering temperature on the synthesis of SiC produced from rice husk ash (RHA) and 2B graphite pencils. The SiC was synthesized by using solid state reaction method sintered at temperatures of 750°C, 1000°C and 1200°C for 26 hours, 11.5 hours and 11.5 hours, respectively. The quantity and crystallinity level of SiC phase were measured by means of Rigaku MiniFlexII X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The microstructure of SiC was examined by using Tescan Vega3SB Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The XRD results showed that the concentration (wt%) of SiC phase increases with the increasing of sintering temperature. SEM results showed that the crystallinity level of SiC crystal is improving as the sintering temperature increases

Effects of Trans-Polyoctylene Rubber in Polypropylene/Recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene/Rice Husk Powder Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 613-617
Author(s):  
Santiagoo Ragunathan ◽  
Sung Ting Sam ◽  
Abdul Ghani Azlinda ◽  
Hussin Kamaruddin ◽  
Ismail Hanafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Good Adhesion ◽  
Rubber Composite ◽  
Powder Composites ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Composites of polypropylene/Acylonitrile butadiene rubber/Rice husk powder/ (PP/NBRr/RHP) with and without trans-polyoctylene rubber (TOR) were prepared, and the effects of trans-polyoctylene rubber were investigated. By using rice husk powder of 150300μm, five different compositions of PP/NBRr/RHP composites (i.e.100/0, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40 and 40/60 phr) were prepared in an internal mixer at 180 °C and 50 rpm rotor speed. The results indicate that the incorporation of TOR improved the tensile properties of PP/NBRr/RHPcomposites. Scanning electron microscopy of the fractured surfaces proved that TOR promoted good adhesion between the PP-NBRr matrices and RHP.Keywords: Polypropylene; Trans-polyoctylene rubber; Rice husk powder; Acrylonitrile Butadiene rubber; composite

Alternative Method of Rapid Drying Vascular Specimens for Scanning Electron Microscopy

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
DáŠa Slížová ◽  
Otakar Krs ◽  
Blanka PospíŠilová
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Scanning Electron

Purpose: To report the use of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) as an alternative to critical point drying for preparing stented canine peripheral vessels for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Technique: Vascular specimens were fixed in 4% formaldehyde overnight, dehydrated in a graded ethanol series, followed by immersion in 100% hexamethyldisilazane. After air drying, the specimens were mounted on stainless steel stubs, coated with gold, and examined in the SEM. The electron micrographs were of high quality, showing the layers of the vascular wall and the incorporated stent covered by a neointimal layer. The micrographs were comparable to corresponding histological sections, but detailed endothelial patterns were more visible. Conclusions: HMDS treatment and subsequent air drying provides good quality scanning electron micrographs that reveal both endothelial patterns and the layered architecture of stented vessels. The disadvantage of HMDS drying may be a shrinkage and distortion similar to other drying agents. Ease of handling, low cost, and a high rate of success are advantages that favor HMDS desiccation over other drying methods.

Preparation and Photoluminescent Properties of Polystyrene Encapsulated SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ Nanocrystals

2013 ◽  
Vol 538 ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Gai Zhai ◽  
Yuan Ming Huang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Phase Morphology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Deep Blue ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Pl Spectrum ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polystyrene encapsulated phosphors SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ were prepared by dispersing the phosphors into the matrix of polystyrene. The phase, morphology and optical properties of the polystyrene encapsulated phosphors were characterized with X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, respectively. It has been observed that both the PL spectrum and the luminescent color of the polystyrene encapsulated phosphors can be dramatically modified although the phosphorescence of the polystyrene encapsulated phosphors is not affected. Tunable photoluminescent colors from green to deep-blue are expected for the polystyrene encapsulated phosphors by the control of the weight percentage of the phosphors in the composites.

scholarly journals OBTAINING BIOCHAR FROM RICE HUSK AND STRAW

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
N. O. Appazov ◽  
B. M. Bazarbayev ◽  
T. Assylbekkyzy ◽  
B. M. Diyarova ◽  
S. A. Kanzhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Adsorption Activity ◽  
A Value ◽  
Water Pore ◽  
Iodine Adsorption ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

This paper presents the results of research on obtaining biochar from agricultural plant waste such as rice husk and straw. The selection of the optimal conditions for thermolysis, such as the duration and temperature of the process, has been conducted. The thermolysis products are characterized for iodine adsorption activity, cumulative water pore volume, and for bulk density. The porous structure of the obtained products has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Based on the results of the research conducted, it has been found that biochars obtained from husk and straw with a thermolysis duration of 30 minutes have low iodine sorption characteristics and water pore volumes. With an increase in the duration of thermolysis, the sorption characteristics improve, the optimal for the husk is the thermolysis duration of 60 minutes at a temperature of 500°C, and for straw, the optimal thermolysis duration is 60 minutes at a temperature of 300°C. The best option is biochar obtained from rice straw at a duration of 60 minutes and a thermolysis temperature of 300°C, having an iodine adsorption activity of 54.61%, a cumulative water pore volume of 0.941 cm3/g and a bulk density of 169.29 g/dm3. The obtained biochars from rice husk and straw have been studied by scanning electron microscopy at 4300 and 5000 times magnification, and they have a developed porous structure. According to the literature, it is known that biochar can also be used as a renewable energy source. Research has been carried out to determine the calorific value of the obtained biochars. To compare the calorific value of rice husk, straw and the obtained biochars, their heating values have been determined on a calorimeter. The highest heating value has a biochar obtained from husk at a duration of 60 minutes and at a thermolysis temperature of 400°C with a value of 17.520 kJ/g, the optimal for biochar obtained from straw is a duration of 60 minutes and a thermolysis temperature of 400°C with a value of 16.451 kJ/g. The experimental data obtained make it possible to use the obtained biochar from rice straw in the future as a biofertilizer to improve the characteristics of soils, as well as to use biochar obtained from rice husk to produce renewable fuel.

scholarly journals Reprocessing N95 Respirators During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Moist Heat Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 and Maintains N95 Filtration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon C. Daeschler ◽  
Niclas Manson ◽  
Kariym Joachim ◽  
Alex W. H. Chin ◽  
Katelyn Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Breathing Resistance ◽  
N95 Respirators ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractBackgroundThe unprecedented demand and consequent global shortage of N95 respirators during the COVID-19 pandemic have left frontline workers vulnerable to infection. To potentially expand the supply, we validated a rapidly applicable low-cost decontamination protocol in compliance with regulatory standards to enable the safe reuse of personalized, disposable N95-respirators.MethodsFour common models of N95-respirators were disinfected for 60 minutes at 70°C either at 0% or 50% relative humidity (RH). Effective inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and E. coli was evaluated in inoculated masks. The N95 filter integrity was examined with scanning electron microscopy. The protective function of disinfected N95 respirators was tested against US NIOSH standards for particle filtration efficiency, breathing resistance and respirator fit.ResultsA single heat treatment inactivated both SARS-CoV-2 (undetectable, detection limit: 100 TCID50/ml) and E. coli (0 colonies at 50%RH) in all four respirator models. Even N95-respirators that underwent ten decontamination cycles maintained their integrity and met US-governmental criteria for approval regarding fit, filtration efficiency and breathing resistance. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated maintained N95 fiber diameter compared to baseline.InterpretationThermal disinfection enables large-scale, low cost decontamination of existing N95 respirators using commonly sourced equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic. This process could be used in hospitals and long term care facilities and also provides a feasible approach to expand the N95 supply in low- and middle-income regions.

Effect of TiO2 Nanofiller on Nanocomposited PMMA/TiO2 Thin Film

2012 ◽  
Vol 576 ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.N. Hafizah ◽  
Ismail Lyly Nyl ◽  
M.Z. Musa ◽  
Mohamad Rusop Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Nanocomposite Thin Films ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, PMMA/TiO2 nanocomposite thin films were prepared by using sonication spin coating technique. The PMMA and TiO2 solution were mixed together and sonicated for 1h to confirm the homogeneity of the sample. The thin films obtained were then measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). FESEM micrograph reveals that the uniformity increases with the increase of TiO2 weight percentage.

Effect of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) on Physical Property and Mechanical Strength of Concrete

2015 ◽  
Vol 1115 ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
Maisarah Ali ◽  
Mohd Syafiq Fadzil ◽  
Siti Asmahani Saad
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Highly Active

Fast depleting natural resources, huge consumption of energy, and environmental hazards involved in the production of cement has inspired researchers to find partial replacement of cement using other or similar materials. Rice husk ash (RHA), an agricultural waste, is classified as “a highly active pozzolan” because it contains a very high amount of amorphous silica and a large surface area. Rice husk is natural fiber that has the advantages of low density, low cost and biodegradable. In Malaysia paddy is grown locally especially in northern states of Peninsular Malaysia. Rice husk is a by-product of paddy being process into rice. These make it a natural candidate for cement replacement agent especially in Paddy producing countries. In this paper, RHA was introduced as the micro filler in concrete mixtures. The replacement of RHA which is lighter as compared to the Ordinary Portland Cement results in decreasing density of cement fiber composite and less permeable concrete.

A Magnetic Array Fabricated by a Novel Process Constructed with Photosensitive Polyimide-Ferrite Nanocomposite

2012 ◽  
Vol 499 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Yuan Xun Li ◽  
Huai Wu Zhang ◽  
Ying Li Liu ◽  
Jie Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Barium Ferrite ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Simple Process ◽  
Micrometer Scale ◽  
Scanning Electron

The authors report an approach to the fabrication of a periodic magnetic array using photosensitive polyimide-barium ferrite nanocomposite. These patterns are shaped by a some-like imprint technique, under the interactions between the magnetic nanoparticles and permanent magnetic mold. Scanning electron microscopy has been used to characterize the magnetic array and well-defined structures with magnetic arrays are obtained. The diameter of each dot is as small as 52um. The presented concept leads to a realization of a magnetic array, which offers advances in achieving micrometer-scale patterns with a very low cost and simple process.

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