scholarly journals STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF REAL TRAFFIC OF MACHINE-TO-MACHINE COMMUNICATION (M2M)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (446) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
А. D. Mukhamejanova ◽  
K. Kh. Tumanbayeva ◽  
E. M. Lechshinskaya ◽  
B. Ongar
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Self Similarity ◽  
Machine To Machine ◽  
Traffic Impact ◽  
Short Term Forecasting ◽  
Network Server ◽  
Real Traffic

The development of digital technology has spawned the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT). The concept basis is the machine-to-machine interaction (M2M) technology, which allows devices to exchange information. The most effective data transmission medium for M2M devices is mobile communications. Rapid growth of machine-to-machine М2М traffic in mobile communication network defines the actuality of the research problem, its features and characteristics. Research outcomes are indispensable at the network modeling, planning, analyzing the М2М traffic impact at quality of service (QoS) of mobile network communication. The article analyzes the real traffic in the LoraWan network. Aggregated traffic coming to the network server from all devices is considered. To model the М2М batch traffic, apart from specifying the statistic characteristics it is necessary to assess its self-similarity. In order to define the traffic self-similarity there has been computed Hurst parameter. On the basis of STATISTICA programs batch we have conducted statistical analysis and short-term forecasting of real М2М traffic by method of exponential smoothing.

scholarly journals Situational map: A strategy to develop critical thinking in the teaching of scientific research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Alejandra Marambio Carrasco ◽  
Carla Lobos Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Scientific Problem ◽  
Support Students ◽  
Thesis Work

The objective of the study is to support students in the rational, logical, and analytical process that they perform when faced with a scientific problem. This study uses qualitative methodology as its purpose is to present the strategy as learning stemming from the process of analysis, which is rooted on how to detect scientifically the research problem in the field of social sciences. A statistical analysis is made on the use and application of the diagram in a sample of 27 undergraduate students who have used the situational map in the elaboration of their theses. The trend shows that 92.6% of respondents achieved concluding their research processes of thesis work, at the planned time, and their results were consistent with their hypothesis and/or purposes. The creation of this strategy is a support for students, who have not developed their ability to think critically and establish relationships between concepts and theories in the execution of scientific research.

ASYMPTOTIC EVALUATION OF BLOCKING PROBABILITIES IN A HIERARCHICAL CELLULAR MOBILE NETWORK

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Verwijmeren ◽  
Michel Mandjes ◽  
Richard J. Boucherie
Keyword(s):  
Large Deviations ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
State Spaces ◽  
Communications Networks ◽  
Blocking Probabilities ◽  
Asymptotic Evaluation ◽  
Cellular Mobile ◽  
Efficient Approximation ◽  
Cellular Mobile Network

This paper investigates blocking probabilities obtained from multidimensional truncated Poisson distributions. For blocking probabilities typically arising in layered cellular mobile communications networks, the large deviations results of Gazdzicki et al. [9] are extended to state spaces determined by multiple constraints. The results yield asymptotically exact expressions that provide an accurate approximation of probabilities up to 1%, which considerably extends the applicability of large deviations results and enables efficient approximation of blocking probabilities for realistic mobile communications networks.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of the M2M Communication in the 4G Network (LTE/LTE-A) With Real Background Traffics: تقييم أداء نظم الاتصال M2M ضمن شبكات الجيل الرابع LTE/LTE-A المتضمنة حمل الشبكة الفعلي

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala Adnan Fadel, Yasser Emleh, Ali Diab
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Work Place ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Machine To Machine ◽  
Self Driving Cars

The applications of the fifth generation in 5G communications depend on the Internet Of Things (IOT), meaning that every person and everything will be connected to the Internet, so any tool or device in the house or in the street or any work place will be connected to the internet, and this leads us to the term Smart cities, i.e. data is formed everywhere by any person or any machine and is analyzed in a short time to obtain useful information in a timely manner such as monitoring the health status of patients and the elderly, and monitoring devices and tools at home and determining whether there is a malfunction or a lack of a substance, As well as analyzing the traffic situation in the streets and assisting and warning drivers Non-visual risks, which pave the way towards self-driving cars. Here, machine-to-machine (M2M) mobile communications play a pivotal role in enabling the effective and safe transfer of this information from machine to machine without human intervention at full speed and with minimal delay. This poses more challenges for the future network that must accommodate mobile data and the huge number of devices and sensors deployed everywhere in order to be a large-scale network with high capacity and efficiency [16, RODRIGUEZ.J]. In this article, several scenarios have been tested to evaluate the performance of M2M technology within 4Generation LTE / LTE-A networks by adding an external simulated network load. The results showed that the amount of data sent by the MMS sensors is fully received by the remote host, so we get 100% productivity. As for other applications, the productivity is around 99% and the average delay is relatively small as long as the network operates within the available transfer rates. In addition, the process of exchanging packages takes place almost completely (a small amount of losses).

scholarly journals Źródła zaspokojenia bieżących potrzeb gospodarstw domowych o niskich dochodach

2016 ◽  
pp. 145-159
Author(s):  
Paweł Ulman
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Average Data ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Incomes

The problem of low income households in Poland is quite common. As it was shown by Polish CSO extreme poverty (subsistence minimum) affects more than 7 percent of people in Poland, and at the level of the statutory criterion of poverty, nearly 13 percent (average data from the 2013). The interesting research problem is to identify the sources of widely understood income (cash and in kind) and their importance to meet the current needs of households with low incomes in connection with a wide range of extreme poverty arising from low income of households. The aim of the work is to present the results of statisti-cal analysis of the level of income from various sources affecting the ability to satisfy the current needs of the poor households. So it is going to be shown how these households cope with basic needs. The statistical analysis are made on the basis of data published by the CSO and the data from the study “Social Diagnosis”.

scholarly journals On the Spectral Efficiency for Distributed Massive MIMO Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10926
Author(s):  
Alejandro Ramírez-Arroyo ◽  
Juan Carlos González-Macías ◽  
Jose J. Rico-Palomo ◽  
Javier Carmona-Murillo ◽  
Antonio Martínez-González
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Power Balance ◽  
Physical Channel ◽  
Reverberation Chambers ◽  
Mimo Technology

Distributed MIMO (D-MIMO) systems are expected to play a key role in deployments for future mobile communications. Together with massive MIMO technology, D-MIMO aims to maximize the spectral efficiency and data rate in mobile networks. This paper proposes a deep study on the spectral efficiency of D-MIMO systems for essential channel parameters, such as the channel power balance or the correlation between propagation channels. For that purpose, several propagation channels were acquired in both anechoic and reverberation chambers and were emulated using channel simulators. In addition, several frequency bands were studied, both the sub–6 GHz band and mmWave band. The results of this study revealed the high influence of channel correlation and power balance on the physical channel performance. Low-correlated and high-power balance propagation channels show better performances than high correlated and power unbalance channels in terms of spectral efficiency. Given these results, it will be fundamental to take into account the spectral efficiency of D-MIMO systems when designing criteria to establish multi-connectivity in future mobile network deployments.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of CQI reporting and MIMO utilization for downlink scheduling in live LTE mobile network

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Igor Tomić ◽  
Đorđe Lukić ◽  
Milutin Davidović ◽  
Dejan Drajić ◽  
Predrag Ivaniš
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Downlink Scheduling ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Mimo Downlink ◽  
The Relationship

This paper considers a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) downlink scheduling procedure in Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular networks. In particular, the relationship between Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) and MIMO utilization in LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) systems was examined using the statistical analysis. Data was collected from a mature mobile network deployed in typical frequency bands for LTE FDD used in Europe - Band 3, Band 7 and Band 20. Obtained numerical results showed a significant correlation between reported CQI value and MIMO utilization.

Future Trends in Mobile-Fixed Integration for Next Generation Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cortés-Polo ◽  
Jesús Calle-Cancho ◽  
Javier Carmona-Murillo ◽  
José-Luis González-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Packet Loss Rate ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Mobility Protocols

In recent years, the growth the in the number of heterogeneous interconnected systems, as well as the emergence of new requirements in applications and services are progressively changing the original simplicity and transparency of the Internet architecture. When this architecture was designed, the main goal was to interconnect stationary host. Therefore, the appearance of mobile communications has made necessary to adapt traditional protocols in order to accommodate mobile users. This implies a new interaction between the mobile network and the fixed access network. This paper describes the main IP mobility protocols both centralized and distributed paradigms, and emergent approaches based on software defined networking. Moreover, a novel classification is presented, which relates the integration of the mobility protocol with the access network. Analytical models evaluate the registration updates cost and the packet loss rate of the classified protocols.

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