CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GLASS BEADS FROM MADAGASCAR

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Robertshaw ◽  
Bako Rasoarifetra ◽  
Marilee Wood ◽  
Erik Melchiorre ◽  
Rachel S. Popelka-Filcoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Plant Ash ◽  
Made In

Chemical analysis of 31 glass beads from the sites of Mahilaka and Sandrakatsy in Madagascar, which date to approximately the 9th to 15th centuries CE, reveals the presence of two main types of glass: mineral- soda glasses and plant-ash glasses. Most of these glasses were probably made in South Asia.

scholarly journals The chemical composition and manufacturing technology of glass beads excavated from the Hetian Bizili site, Xinjiang

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Rui Wen ◽  
Julian Henderson ◽  
Xingjun Hu ◽  
Wenying Li
Keyword(s):  
Glass Beads ◽  
Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Raman Spectrometry ◽  
The West ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Southern Route ◽  
The Silk Road ◽  
Plant Ash ◽  
Lead Antimonate

AbstractThe Hetian Bizili site in Lop County, located on the southern route of the Silk Road in Xinjiang, China, was a trade and cultural hub between the East and the West in ancient times. In 2016, a large number of glass beads were unearthed from the 40 tombs excavated on this site. In this study we determined the chemical compositions and manufacturing technology of bodies and decorations of twelve glass beads from the M5 tomb of Bizili by using LA-ICP-AES, EDXRF, Raman Spectrometry, and SR-μCT. The chemical compositions of the beads were all Na2O–CaO–SiO2, with plant ash mainly used as a flux. Lead antimonate and lead stannate were used as the opacifying agents. We detected elevated levels of boron and high levels of phosphorus in some beads: this is discussed in the context of the type of flux used and the possible use of a P-rich opacifier. Some of the beads with high contents of aluminum may potentially come from Pakistan. In terms of manufacturing technology, the craftsmen made ‘eye’ beads in different ways and also trail decorated beads.

A microfluidic device enabling deterministic single cell trapping and release

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huichao Chai ◽  
Yongxiang Feng ◽  
Fei Liang ◽  
Wenhui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Cell Isolation ◽  
Cell Trapping ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Single Cell Trapping ◽  
Single Cell Isolation ◽  
Made In

Successful single-cell isolation is a pivotal technique for subsequent biological and chemical analysis of single cells. Although significant advances have been made in single-cell isolation and analysis techniques, most passive...

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GLASS BEADS FROM MEDIEVAL AL-BASRA (MOROCCO)

Archaeometry ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. ROBERTSHAW ◽  
N. BENCO ◽  
M. WOOD ◽  
L. DUSSUBIEUX ◽  
E. MELCHIORRE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Glass Beads

scholarly journals Study on Western Asiatic cast ribbed rectangular beads from Kaman-Kalehöyük, Turkey, by using portable X-ray fluorescence

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Izumi Nakai ◽  
Kriengkamol Tantrakarn ◽  
Yoshinari Abe ◽  
Sachihiro Omura
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Ancient Trade ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Excavation Site ◽  
Plant Ash ◽  
Xrf Analyses

In this article we report a comparative study on excavated objects and artifact from museums to reveal an aspect of ancient trade. The target artifact is Western Asiatic cast ribbed rectangular beads excavated from an architectural remain at Kaman-Kalehöyük, Turkey. Blue glass beads of this type have been excavated in Western Asia from north Iran and Iraq to the Syro-Palestinian coast from second half of 16th to 14th century BC. The analysis of the samples was carried out by using a portable Xray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer developed by us. The instrument was brought to the excavation site in Turkey as well as to the museums to analyse typologically similar glass beads from the collection of Okayama Orient Museum and MIHO MUSEUM in Japan, for comparison. Our XRF analyses suggested that all analysed glass artifacts are plant ash sodalime silica glass with 2-4 wt% magnesium and potassium. The three glass beads exhibited similar compositional characteristic, i.e. they contain Sb, Pb, Fe, Cu and Sr in similar quantities. A typological and principal component analysis comparison of the glass beads unearthed from Kaman- Kalehöyük site with those of the museums and literature data support that they should have a similar origin. In addition, archaeological context of the glass from Kaman-Kalehöyük also supports that the artifact belongs to the Middle-Late Bronze Age (16th to 15th centuries BC). This is the first scientific material evidence that shows the possibility of a cultural flow from Mesopotamia region to Kaman-Kalehöyük during Middle- Late Bronze Age.

THE ASSESSMENT OF THE LAYERED STRUCTURE OF PROSTHETIC CROWNS IN MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATIONS

Tribologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 292 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Andrzej Ryniewicz ◽  
Anna M. Ryniewicz ◽  
Łukasz Bojko ◽  
Paweł Pałka ◽  
Wojciech Ryniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Occlusal Contact ◽  
Clinical Procedures ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Metal Ceramic ◽  
Made In

Prosthetic crowns are made in accordance with the principles of clinical procedures while taking into account the rules of endurance, biocompatibility, and aesthetics. Depending on the biomaterial and manufacturing technology, crown frameworks are veneered with an appropriate set of ceramics with selected thermal expansion. The veneering layers responsible for tribological cooperation in occlusal contact should properly adhere to the framework. The aim of the research is to conduct the microscopic and EDS chemical analysis to evaluate the process of shaping veneering layers on frameworks produced using new digital technologies, i.e. the technology of milling and laser sintering. The research material consists of specimens produced in perpendicular cross-sections through the layered structures of metal-ceramic, ceramic-veneered glassceramic, and zirconium crowns. The microscopic examinations were carried out using the specimens and included the elemental EDS analysis performed on the surfaces and in certain points. The structures of metal and ceramic frameworks, ceramic veneering layers, and adhesive zones were determined.

Further investigations of the nutritive value of swill: starch equivalent, and seasonal variation in the composition and feeding value of concentrated swill

1944 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Woodman ◽  
R. E. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Made In

An attempt has been made in the present communication to assess the value for pigs of urban swill collected during the winter months, when the main ingredients are potato peelings, cabbage leaves and other vegetable residues, and also during the summer months, at which period of the year the quality of the swill is at its lowest level, the product containing substantial proportions of pea pods, cabbage leaves and cabbage stalks. The form known as concentrated swill was used in the digestion trials, since regular and adequate supplies of this could be guaranteed, and, being already cooked, it did not require any heat treatment before feeding.Chemical analysis showed that the winter swill, on account of the presence of the potato peelings, was distinctly richer in N-free extractives than the summer product. The latter, however, was richer i n protein and lime, and, as a result of the replacement of potato peelings by pea pods as the main ingredient, displayed a much more fibrous character than the winter swill.

scholarly journals Chemical analysis of glass beads from Igbo Olokun, Ile-Ife (SW Nigeria): New light on raw materials, production, and interregional interactions

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 92-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abidemi Babatunde Babalola ◽  
Laure Dussubieux ◽  
Susan Keech McIntosh ◽  
Thilo Rehren
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Beads

Implications for Theory and Practice

Line on Fire ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 290-312
Author(s):  
Happymon Jacob
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
General Context ◽  
Nuclear Deterrence ◽  
Theoretical Finding ◽  
Made In

This chapter highlights some of the conceptual and theoretical implications of the arguments that have been made in this book. This chapter argues that the traditional theorization of escalation dynamics in South Asia does not expect the possibility of: i) autonomous military factors triggering severe ceasefire violations (CFVs); ii) CFVs triggering escalation, and; iii) accidental/inadvertent escalation to some extent. The absence of such expectations further cements the strongly held belief that escalation is controllable especially due to the existence of a general context of nuclear deterrence-induced stability. The chapter, besides highlighting the theoretical finding of the book, also discusses various measures that can be taken to control CFVs and India–Pakistan crisis escalation.

Glass Beads from Medieval Gao (Mali): New Analytical Data on Chronology, Sources, and Trade

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Keech McIntosh ◽  
Marilee Wood ◽  
Laure Dussubieux ◽  
Peter Robertshaw ◽  
Timothy Insoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silica Glass ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Soda Lime Silica Glass ◽  
Trade And Exchange ◽  
Plant Ash

Abstract Excavations at several archaeological sites in and around Gao have resulted in the recovery of thousands of glass beads presumed to have been acquired from glass bead-producing centers through trade. The bead assemblages cover the period from the eighth to the fourteenth century CE. Here we report on the results of compositional analysis by LA-ICP-MS of 100 beads, permitting comparison with the growing corpus of chemical analyses for glass from African and Near Eastern sites. In this analysis, several compositional groupings are recognized. These include two types of plant-ash soda-lime-silica glass (v-Na-Ca), a mineral soda-lime-silica glass (m-Na-Ca), a high-lime high-alumina (HLHA) glass, a mineral soda-high alumina (m-Na-Al), glass, a plant ash soda-high alumina (v-Na-Al) glass and a high lead composition glass. The reconstruction and dating of depositional contexts suggests a shift in glass sources at the end of the tenth century CE. The issue of source identification is discussed and occurrences at other African sites are mapped, providing new data towards an understanding of trade and exchange networks.

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ANCIENT AFRICAN GLASS BEADS: A VERY PRELIMINARY REPORT

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Robertshaw ◽  
Michael D. Glascock ◽  
Marilee Wood ◽  
Rachel S. Popelka
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
First Results ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Almost All

We report the preliminary results of chemical analysis by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry of 156 glass beads from sites in southern Africa. Almost all of these beads can be grouped in two chemical types based on oxide compositions and glass recipes. Glasses of these types were manufactured in south and/or southeast Asia. These are the first results of a project that will analyse about 1000 beads from African archaeological sites.

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