scholarly journals Caregiver development of activity-supporting services for smart homes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Rafik Belloum ◽  
Amel Yaddaden ◽  
Maxime Lussier ◽  
Nathalie Bier ◽  
Charles Consel
Keyword(s):  
Older Adult ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Smart Homes ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Clinical Vignettes ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Computing Support

Older adults often need some level of assistance in performing daily living activities. Even though these activities are common to the vast majority of individuals (e.g., eating, bathing, dressing), the way they are performed varies across individuals. Supporting older people in performing their everyday activities is a major avenue of research in smart homes. However, because of its early stage, this line of work has paid little attention on customizing assistive computing support with respect to the specific needs of each older adult towards improving its effectiveness and acceptability. We propose a tool-based approach to allowing caregivers to define services in the area of home daily living, leveraging their knowledge and expertise on the older adult they care for. This approach consists of two stages: 1) a wizard allows caregivers to define an assistive service, which supports aspects of a daily activity that are specific to an older adult; 2) the wizard-generated service is uploaded in an existing smart home platform and interpreted by a dedicated component, carrying out the caregiver-defined service. Our approach has been implemented. Our wizard has been successfully used to define existing manually-programmed, activity-supporting services. The resulting services have been deployed and executed by an existing assisted living platform deployed in the home of community-dwelling individuals. They have been shown to be equivalent to their manually-programmed counterparts. We also conducted an ergonomics study involving five occupational therapists, who tested our wizard with clinical vignettes describing fictitious patients. Participants were able to successfully define services while revealing an ease of use of our wizard.

Performance-Based Impairment Measures as Predictors of Early-Stage Activity Limitations in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 880-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Terhorst ◽  
Margo B. Holm ◽  
Pamela E. Toto ◽  
Joan C. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Performance Quality ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Objective: The objective of the current investigation was to explore performance-based predictors of decline in the performance quality of everyday tasks as a first step for early identification, screening, and referral to minimize disability in community-dwelling older adults. Method: This was a secondary analysis of data from 256 community-based older women. Mobility, activities of daily living (ADLs), and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) were measured using the Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills (PASS). Logistic regression models explored cognitive and motor predictors of performance quality while controlling for demographics and diagnoses. Results: Functional reach ( p = .049) and cognition ( p = .012) were predictive of mobility quality, whereas balance ( p = .007) and the Keitel Function ( p = .005) were predictive of ADL quality. Manipulation and cognitive measures were predictive of cognitive and physical IADL quality. Discussion: Cognitive and physical screens are both important to identify older adults at risk for disability.

scholarly journals Compromised Vision Impairs Successful Aging Among Assisted Living Residents

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 530-530
Author(s):  
Judith Scott ◽  
Ann Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Community dwelling independent older adults’ successful aging is known to be hampered by sensory and cognitive impairments. However, little is known about to what degree these impairments affect successful aging among assisted living (AL) residents. The purpose of this quantitative study, conducted in three (AL) facilities, was to describe factors affecting successful aging. A total of 88 older adults (M=89.0, SD=7.54), mostly women (n=68), completed hearing (CALFRAST-Strong procedure at 75cm, 35cm, and 2cm), vision (Jaeger reading [proximate], Snellen Acuity [visual acuity]), and cognitive screening (MiniCog, Borson et al), as well as the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) and Successful Aging Inventory (SAI, Troutman et al, 2011). Most (68%) demonstrated hearing loss >25DB, with a significant difference demonstrated between age groups (age 65-89; n=38) (90-100; n=49) with the older group demonstrating worse hearing (F(1,80)=5.9, p=.017). Some vision compromise was noted for both reading (14.3%) and visual acuity (10.8%). Over one third of participants (34.1%) demonstrated compromised cognition. The SAI results indicated most participants were managing IADLs well (M=6.11, SD=1.42) and aging successfully (M=63.39, SD=9.04). Hearing, cognition and IADLs were not significantly related to successful aging. However, when compared to those without vision issues, participants with compromised vision, both reading and visual acuity, scored significantly lower on the SAI (reading F(1,75)= 24.9,p=.000; visual acuity F(1,28)=4.31, p=000). The infrastructure provided by AL settings may compensate for hearing, cognition, and IADL problems, but not as well for vision problems. Interventions supporting AL residents’ vision should be a priority to improve successful aging.

scholarly journals Impacts of stroke and cognitive impairment on activities of daily living in the Taiwan longitudinal study on aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pi-Hsia Lee ◽  
Ting-Ting Yeh ◽  
Hsin-Yen Yen ◽  
Wan-Ling Hsu ◽  
Valeria Jia-Yi Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Stroke Group ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

AbstractStroke and cognitive impairment are common in older population. They often occur together and their combined effects significantly increase disability in both basic (BADLs) and instrumental (IADLs) activities of daily living. We investigated the individual and combined impacts of stroke and cognitive impairment on BADLs and IADLs. A total of 3331 community-dwelling older adults were enrolled from the Taiwan longitudinal study on aging in 2011. Both BADLs and IADLs were analyzed. Combination of stroke and cognitive impairment increased severity of ADL disabilities, but similar prevalence, similar numbers of summed BADL and IADL tasks with disability, and similar levels of difficulty for each BADL and IADL task were found between the stroke group and cognitive impairment group. The former had more difficult in dressing while the latter had more difficult in using the telephone, transport, and managing finances. A hierarchy of ADLs was also observed in all groups. ADL skill training supplemented with cognitive and physical interventions should focus on secondary prevention of dementia and improve motor functional capacity to reduce loss of ADLs.

scholarly journals Technology Used to Recognize Activities of Daily Living in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Nicola Camp ◽  
Martin Lewis ◽  
Kirsty Hunter ◽  
Julie Johnston ◽  
Massimiliano Zecca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Wearable Technology ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Environmental Technologies ◽  
Current Monitoring ◽  
Future Work

The use of technology has been suggested as a means of allowing continued autonomous living for older adults, while reducing the burden on caregivers and aiding decision-making relating to healthcare. However, more clarity is needed relating to the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) recognised, and the types of technology included within current monitoring approaches. This review aims to identify these differences and highlight the current gaps in these systems. A scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR, drawing on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Articles and commercially available systems were selected if they focused on ADL recognition of older adults within their home environment. Thirty-nine ADL recognition systems were identified, nine of which were commercially available. One system incorporated environmental and wearable technology, two used only wearable technology, and 34 used only environmental technologies. Overall, 14 ADL were identified but there was variation in the specific ADL recognised by each system. Although the use of technology to monitor ADL of older adults is becoming more prevalent, there is a large variation in the ADL recognised, how ADL are defined, and the types of technology used within monitoring systems. Key stakeholders, such as older adults and healthcare workers, should be consulted in future work to ensure that future developments are functional and useable.

scholarly journals Related Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Osteosarcopenia: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Tatsuro Inoue ◽  
Keisuke Maeda ◽  
Ayano Nagano ◽  
Akio Shimizu ◽  
Junko Ueshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia are common geriatric diseases among older adults and harm activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QOL). Osteosarcopenia is a unique syndrome that is a concomitant of both osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia. This review aimed to summarize the related factors and clinical outcomes of osteosarcopenia to facilitate understanding, evaluation, prevention, treatment, and further research on osteosarcopenia. We searched the literature to include meta-analyses, reviews, and clinical trials. The prevalence of osteosarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults is significantly higher in female (up to 64.3%) compared to male (8–11%). Osteosarcopenia is a risk factor for death, fractures, and falls based on longitudinal studies. However, the associations between osteosarcopenia and many other factors have been derived based on cross-sectional studies, so the causal relationship is not clear. Few studies of osteosarcopenia in hospitals have been conducted. Osteosarcopenia is a new concept and has not yet been fully researched its relationship to clinical outcomes. Longitudinal studies and high-quality interventional studies are warranted in the future.

scholarly journals A Theoretical Framework for the Development of Views of One’s Own Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
Sarah Marrs ◽  
Jennifer Inker ◽  
Madeline McIntyre ◽  
Leland Waters ◽  
Tracey Gendron
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Mentoring Program ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Students Attitudes

Abstract Senior mentoring programs have been established that provide medical students exposure to a community-dwelling older adult mentor. The goal of these programs is to expose students to healthy older adults, increase knowledge of geriatrics, and prepare them to care for an aging population. However, even while participating in a senior mentoring program, health professions students still demonstrate some discriminatory language towards older adults (e.g., Gendron, Inker, & Welleford, 2018). In fact, research suggests ageist practices occur, intentionally or not, among all health professions and within assisted living and long-term care facilities (e.g., Bowling, 1999; Dobbs et al., 2008; Kane & Kane, 2005). There is reason to believe that how we feel about other older adults is a reflection of how we feel about ourselves as aging individuals. As part of an evaluation of a Senior Mentoring program, we found that students’ attitudes towards older adults were not significantly improved (t (92) = .38, p = .70). To further explore this, we collected subsequent qualitative data. Specifically, we asked students to respond to the open-ended prompt before and after completing their senior mentoring program: How do you feel about your own aging? Our findings have revealed just how complex students’ views towards aging and elderhood are, pointing to a need to develop a theoretical framework for how these views are formed. Thus, the results of this qualitative grounded theory study illustrate the stages of development medical students’ progress through as they come to accept themselves as aging humans.

scholarly journals Increasing Older Adult Involvement in Geriatric Assessment: A Mixed-Methods Process Evaluation

2021 ◽  
pp. 089826432199332
Author(s):  
Wanda Rietkerk ◽  
Jannet de Jonge-de Haan ◽  
Joris P. J. Slaets ◽  
Sytse U. Zuidema ◽  
Debby L. Gerritsen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Geriatric Assessment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Adult Involvement ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Objectives: Goal setting and motivational interviewing (MI) may increase well-being by promoting healthy behavior. Since we failed to show improved well-being in a proactive assessment service for community-dwelling older adults applying these techniques, we studied whether implementation processes could explain this. Methods: Goals set during the comprehensive geriatric assessment were evaluated on their potential for behavior change. MI and goal setting adherence wasassessed by reviewing audiotaped interactions and interviewing care professionals. Results: Among the 280 goals set with 230 frail older adults (mean age 77 ± 6.9 years, 59% women), more than 90% had a low potential for behavior change. Quality thresholds for MI were reached in only one of the 11 interactions. Application was hindered by the context and the limited proficiency of care professionals. Discussion: Implementation was suboptimal for goal setting and MI. This decreased the potential for improved well-being in the participating older adults.

scholarly journals Patterns of multimorbidity and risk of disability in community-dwelling older persons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Marengoni ◽  
Roselyne Akugizibwe ◽  
Davide L. Vetrano ◽  
Albert Roso-Llorach ◽  
Graziano Onder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Healthcare Resource ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
National Study ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Multinomial Models

AbstractThe aim was to analyze the association between specific patterns of multimorbidity and risk of disability in older persons. Data were gathered from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K); 2066 60 + year-old participants living in the community and free from disability at baseline were grouped according to their multimorbidity patterns and followed-up for six years. The association between multimorbidity patterns and disability in basic (ADL) and instrumental (IADL) activities of daily living was examined through multinomial models. Throughout the follow-up, 434 (21.0%) participants developed at least one ADL and 310 (15.0%) at least one IADL. Compared to the unspecific pattern, which included diseases not exceeding their expected prevalence in the total sample, belonging to the cardiovascular/anemia/dementia, the sensory impairment/cancer and the musculoskeletal/respiratory/gastrointestinal patterns was associated with a higher risk of developing both ADL and IADL, whereas subjects in the metabolic/sleep disorders pattern showed a higher risk of developing only IADL. Multimorbidity patterns are differentially associated with incident disability, which is important for the design of future prevention strategies aimed at delaying functional impairment in old age, and for a better healthcare resource planning.

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