scholarly journals The Ethics of Controllability as Influenceability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Lorini ◽  
Giovanni Sartor
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Logical Analysis ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Logical Framework ◽  
Stit Logic ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Way

We present a logical analysis of influence and control over the actions of others, and address consequential causal and normative responsibilities. We first account for the way in which influence can be exercised over the behaviour of autonomous agents. On this basis we determine the conditions under which influence leads to control on the implementation of positive and negative values. We finally define notions of causal and normative responsibility for the action of others. Our logical framework is based on STIT logic and is complemented with a series of examples illustrating the application. Our analysis applies to interactions between humans as well as to those involving autonomous artificial agents.

scholarly journals Bringing the Virus Back Home: Media Representations of Ukrainian Labour Migrants in a Time of Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 088832542110187
Author(s):  
Alexander Tymczuk
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Frame Analysis ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Potential Danger ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
And Control ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
The Way

In a globalized world where mobility and movement is at its essence, the movement of viruses paradoxically causes a preoccupation with boundaries, containment, and control over borders, and thus keeping the “dangerous” outside separated from the “safe” inside. Through a qualitative thematic and frame analysis of news articles published on 12 Ukrainian news sites, I found that Ukrainian labour migrants conceptually constitute a challenge to such a clear-cut spatial organization in a time of a pandemic. Labour migrants are part of the national “we,” but their presence in the dangerous outside excludes them from the “imagined immunity.” This ambiguity is evident in the way labour migrants were portrayed during the first months of the outbreak in Ukraine. Initially, Ukrainian labour migrants were depicted as a potential danger, and then blamed for bringing the virus back home. However, the framing of the labour migrants as a danger is only part of the story, and the image of a scapegoat was eventually replaced with images of an economic resource and a victim. Thus, Ukrainian labour migrants have been the object of vilification, heroization, as well as empathy during the various phases of the outbreak. I would argue that these shifting frames are connected to the ambiguous conceptualization of Ukrainian labour migrants in general.

Seeing is believing: A common sense theory of the adoption of perception-based beliefs

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN BELL ◽  
ZHISHENG HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Belief Change ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Logical Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Robotics ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Abstract Architecture

In this paper we present a formal common sense theory of the adoption of perception-based beliefs. We begin with a logical analysis of perception and then consider when perception should lead to belief change. Our theory is intended to apply to perception in humans and to perception in artificial agents at the level of the symbolic interface between a vision system and a belief system. In order to provide a context for our work we relate it to the emerging field of cognitive robotics, give an abstract architecture for an agent which is both embodied and capable of reasoning, and relate this to the concrete architectures of two vision-based surveillance systems.

Diplomatic Doctrine and Style with Chinese Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 370-380
Author(s):  
Chas W. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Political Leadership ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Chinese Revolution ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
And Control ◽  
Chinese Diplomacy ◽  
Contemporary Chinese ◽  
The Way

Summary Chinese diplomatic style is the product of many influences. It is rooted in 2,000 years of history but also reflects changes resulting from the Chinese Revolution and the dramatic expansion of its wealth, power, status and interests ongoing today. Much is made of the hierarchical tradition in China’s diplomatic thinking and its resistance to Western diplomatic norms. However, these provide unreliable guides for contemporary Chinese diplomacy. While ‘face’, in terms of the respect of others remains an important consideration, Chinese diplomacy is influenced by upholding its understanding of the principles of sovereignty, non-intervention and self-determination. It is also influenced by the ruling Chinese Communist Party’s conceptions of how political leadership and control are exercised and maintained. These concerns manifest themselves in the way Chinese diplomatic style has avoided force, favoured ambiguity and operated with a clear, but creatively interpreted, distinction between non-negotiable core principles and more flexible concrete arrangements.

Design of the Dry-Mixed Mortar Truck in Avoiding Segregation

2012 ◽  
Vol 542-543 ◽  
pp. 1100-1104
Author(s):  
Lei Zheng ◽  
Li Na Guo ◽  
Hong Chao Ji ◽  
Yao Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Transport Efficiency ◽  
New Model ◽  
Discharge Opening ◽  
Mixed Mortar ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Way

The way of dry-mixed mortar air-sliding has many advantages，such as improving transport efficiency, ensuring cement quality. But, dry-mixed mortar air-sliding may occur segregate, this phenomenon serious break the original ratio of cement, risking quality of cement[2]. This article suggested a new model of discharge opening with multi-holes, this model can allow dry-mixed mortar flow out at different height, and control the rate of flux in each port to keep mortar equally, this model eliminated the non uniforms caused by different height, eliminated the affection of segregate, ensure the quality of the cement.

scholarly journals Modelo De Elaboración De Corridas Financieras Por El Método De Flujos, Para No Financieros.

Xihmai ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Ayala Suero [1]
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Years Of Teaching Experience ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Way

ResumenDocumento dirigido a no financieros para realizar una corrida financiera. El propósito de este documento es poner a disposición de personas sin conocimiento de finanzas o de contadurí­a, un método que de forma lógica y sencilla los auxilie para realizar una corrida financiera, tanto para la elaboración de proyectos como en la dirección y control de empresas. El modelo va dirigido a los emprendedores, empresarios de micro y pequeñas empresas, profesionistas interesados en la elaboración de corridas financieras y estudiantes que necesitan familiarizarse con el proceso de elaboración de corridas financieras y estados financieros proforma (los estados proforma son el resultado de la proyección de los próximos años). Estos objetivos se logran mediante la comprensión de la forma en que los recursos económicos se desempeñan en una empresa y como los estados financieros básicos (estado de resultados, balance y flujo de efectivo) dan cuenta de esta situación y nos ayudan a interpretar lo que sucede en la empresa. Esto ayudará en el proceso de la toma de decisiones para poder modificar el resultado de manera favorable.Este modelo es resultado de treinta años de experiencia profesional en el área de formulación y evaluación de proyectos de inversión, de veinte años de experiencia docente en el área, vistos desde la perspectiva de un no profesional de la materia. Lo que se busca es que sin demasiados conocimientos de contabilidad y administración, de manera sencilla y muy acorde con la realidad del dí­a a dí­a, se puedan comprender los estados financieros y, a través de ellos, lo que sucede en la empresa para una mejor toma de decisiones.Palabras clave: estados financieros, toma de decisiones, escasos conocimientos contables, dirección y control de negocios.AbstractDocument addressed to non-financiers to carry out a financial run. The purpose of this document is to put to the consideration of people without knowledge of finance or accounting such as entrepreneurs, businessman of micro and small businesses, professionals interested in preparing financial statement and for students who need to become familiar with the process of preparing financial statements and proforma financial statements (the proforma statements are the result of the projection of the next years), a method that logically and simply helps us to carry out a financial run, both for the preparation of projects and for the direction and control of the companies. The objectives are achieved by understanding the way in which economic resources are performed in a company and how the basic financial statements, income statement, balance and cash flow; They give an account of this situation and help us to interpret what happens in the company and will help us in the way we take decisions to be able to modify the result favorably. This model is the result of thirty years of professional experience in the area of formulation and evaluation of investment projects, as well as twenty years of teaching experience in this area, which are viewed from the perspective of a non-professional in the field, which It is sought that without too much knowledge of accounting and administration, in a simple and very consistent with the day to day reality, you can understand the financial statements and through these what happens in the company for better decision making.Keywords: financial statements, decision making, few accounting knowledge, business management and control. [1] Médico Veterinario Zootecnista con Maestrí­a en Ingenierí­a Económica y Financiera Profesor de la Universidad La Salle Pachuca.

How Your Power Affects My Impression of You

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-509
Author(s):  
Diana Orghian ◽  
Filipa de Almeida ◽  
Sofia Jacinto ◽  
Leonel Garcia-Marques ◽  
Ana Sofia Santos
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Control Power ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Way

In the present article, we investigate how a person’s power affects the way we infer traits from their behavior. In Experiment 1, our results suggest that, when faced with behavioral descriptions about others, participants infer both positive and negative traits about powerless actors, whereas for powerful and control (power irrelevant) actors, only positive but no negative traits are inferred, an effect we call the benevolence bias. In the second experiment, (a) we replicate this effect, (b) we show that it does not depend on the specific traits used in Experiment 1, and (c) we show that it is also detected when an implicit measure of inferences is used. Experiment 3 further shows that this effect generalizes to a more generic power manipulation. Theoretical explanations for these findings are discussed.

Online Social and Business Networks’ Implications for Corporate Strategy

2012 ◽  
pp. 619-644
Author(s):  
José António Porfírio ◽  
João Correia Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Way

In this chapter we will raise the main challenges deriving from the increased use of online social and business networks and their impact on the way businesses are being done today. We believe that social and business networks are at the basis of a future revolution on management fundamentals, and we will emphasize in particular those concerned with strategy’s conception, implementation, and control.

History as Natural History

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Worster
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Revolutionary War ◽  
Ecological Succession ◽  
Aldo Leopold ◽  
The Past ◽  
Westward Movement ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Way

Forty years ago a wise, visionary man, the Wisconsin wildlife biologist and conservationist Aldo Leopold, called for “an ecological interpretation of history,” by which he meant using the ideas and research of the emerging field of ecology to help explain why the past developed the way it did. At that time ecology was still in its scientific infancy, but its promise was bright and the need for its insights was beginning to be apparent to a growing number of leaders in science, politics, and society. It has taken a while for historians to heed Leopold’s advice, but at last the field of environmental history has begun to take shape and its practitioners are trying to build on his initiative. Leopold’s own suggestion of how an ecologically informed history might proceed had to do with the frontier lands of Kentucky, pivotal in the westward movement of the nation. In the period of the revolutionary war it was uncertain who would possess and control those lands: the native Indians, the French or English empires, or the colonial settlers? And then rather quickly the struggle was resolved in favor of the Americans, who brought along their plows and livestock to take possession. It was more than their prowess as fighters, their determination as conquerors, or their virtue in the eyes of God that allowed those agricultural settlers to win the competition; the land itself had something to contribute to their success. Leopold pointed out that growing along the Kentucky bottomlands, the places most accessible to newcomers, were formidable canebrakes, where the canes rose as high as fifteen feet and posed an insuperable barrier to the plow. But fortunately for the Americans, when the cane was burned or grazed out, the magic of bluegrass sprouted in its place. Grass replaced cane in what ecologists call the pattern of secondary ecological succession, which occurs when vegetation is disturbed but the soil is not destroyed, as when a fire sweeps across a prairie or a hurricane levels a forest; succession refers to the fact that a new assortment of species enters and replaces what was there before.

Procedures and Control

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-107
Author(s):  
Philippe D’Iribarne ◽  
Sylvie Chevrier ◽  
Alain Henry ◽  
Jean-Pierre Segal ◽  
Geneviève Tréguer-Felten
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Strict Compliance ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Way

The content of expected procedures, their precision, the more or less strict compliance requested, and the way their implementation is audited, depend on cultural contexts. The first part of the chapter depicts a Cameroonian company in which the expectations for detailed procedures manuals to be applied literally are high. Such a use of procedures can be explained by the need to ward off the underlying fear that personal relationships outweigh the objectivity of the rules. Conversely, the second part shows that, in France, detailed operating procedures in the automotive and nuclear sectors contradict the quest for autonomy, associated with the importance of mastering one’s profession. A comparison with the nuclear sector in the United States shows that there the stakes are again different. This chapter deals with the way procedures are articulated with the expectations and fears, specific to each universe of meaning, which are generally ignored.

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