scholarly journals An Integrative Literature Review on the Nomenclature and Definition of Dementia at a Young Age

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Dennis van de Veen ◽  
Christian Bakker ◽  
Kirsten Peetoom ◽  
Yolande Pijnenburg ◽  
Janne M. Papma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Future Research ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Young Onset ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Young Onset Dementia ◽  
Age Limits ◽  
Definition Of

Background: There has been growing interest in young people living with dementia. Future research requires consensus on the terminology and operational definition of this group. Objective: The purpose of this integrative review was to explore and include all operational definitions used to define dementia at a young age. Methods: On August 14, 2020, the PubMed, Embase, Cinahl, and PsycInfo databases were searched for empirical and theoretical literature using Google. Various terms to describe and define ‘dementia’ and ‘at a young age’ were used to collect literature concerning terminology; age-related aspects, including cut-off ages and criteria; and etiologies of dementia at a young age. Results: The search yielded 6,891 empirical and 4,660 theoretical publications, resulting in the inclusion of 89 publications, including 36 publications containing an explicit discussion and 53 publications as confirmation. ‘Young-onset dementia’ was the most commonly used term of seven identified terms, in the last two decades. The age of 65 years at symptom onset was used most frequently when considering a total of six upper age limits and four criteria to define a cut-off age. Eight lower age limits and an option for subdivision based on age were included. We identified 251 different etiologies and 27 categories of etiologies. Conclusion: Despite relative consensus on the term young-onset dementia and an age at symptom onset being used as a cut-off criterion, much is still unclear concerning possible etiologies of dementia at a young age. In the current study, controversies were detected for discussion in an international consensus study.

scholarly journals Assessment of Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences: A Meeting Report

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Corwin Auchincloss ◽  
Sandra L. Laursen ◽  
Janet L. Branchaw ◽  
Kevin Eagan ◽  
Mark Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Research ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Meeting Report ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Research Experiences ◽  
Undergraduate Research Experiences ◽  
Foundation Program ◽  
Definition Of

The Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences Network (CUREnet) was initiated in 2012 with funding from the National Science Foundation program for Research Coordination Networks in Undergraduate Biology Education. CUREnet aims to address topics, problems, and opportunities inherent to integrating research experiences into undergraduate courses. During CUREnet meetings and discussions, it became apparent that there is need for a clear definition of what constitutes a CURE and systematic exploration of what makes CUREs meaningful in terms of student learning. Thus, we assembled a small working group of people with expertise in CURE instruction and assessment to: 1) draft an operational definition of a CURE, with the aim of defining what makes a laboratory course or project a “research experience”; 2) summarize research on CUREs, as well as findings from studies of undergraduate research internships that would be useful for thinking about how students are influenced by participating in CUREs; and 3) identify areas of greatest need with respect to CURE assessment, and directions for future research on and evaluation of CUREs. This report summarizes the outcomes and recommendations of this meeting.

scholarly journals Predeath Grief, Resourcefulness, and Perceived Stress Among Caregivers of Partners With Young-Onset Dementia

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 973-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karie Ruekert Kobiske ◽  
Abir K. Bekhet ◽  
Mauricio Garnier-Villarreal ◽  
Marilyn Frenn
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resilience Theory ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Onset ◽  
Young Onset Dementia ◽  
The Relationship

More than 200,000 Americans are currently diagnosed with young-onset dementia (YOD). YOD is dementia diagnosed prior to the age of 65. Most persons of YOD are cared for by their partners. Using the theoretical framework of Resilience Theory, this cross-sectional, correlational study examined the moderating effects of personal and social resourcefulness on the relationship between predeath grief and perceived stress among 104 YOD caregiving partners (life partners/spouses) using an online survey platform. Results indicated a large positive correlation between predeath grief and caregiver perceived stress ( r = .65; p < .001). Together predeath grief, personal resourcefulness and social resourcefulness explained 51.5% of the variance in perceived stress. Personal resourcefulness did not moderate the relationship. Social resourcefulness did positively moderate this relationship between predeath grief and perceived stress. These findings allow for a better understanding of the caregiving experience for a partner with YOD and creates opportunities for future research studies.

Evaluation Use Theory, Practice, and Future Research: Reflections on the Alkin and King AJE Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-602
Author(s):  
Michael Quinn Patton
Keyword(s):  
Theory Development ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Evaluation Use ◽  
Research On Evaluation ◽  
Complex Dynamic Systems ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Future Theory

Marvin Alkin and Jean King published three AJE articles on evaluation use over four years, a coherent and comprehensive series covering the historical development of evaluation use, definitions and factors associated with use and misuse, and theories of evaluation use and influence, concluding with assessment of the first 50 years of use research. They conclude with recommendations for future theory development and research on evaluation. I draw a different set of conclusions and pathway forward. Where they seek a common universal operational definition of evaluation use, I propose treating use as a thick sensitizing concept that invites diversity of context-specific meanings. Where they find evaluation use theory inadequate, I argue that it is sufficient for its purpose. Where they seek more development of evaluation-specific utilization theory, I propose drawing on more established and validated theories from social sciences to explain and illuminate evaluation use as occurring in complex dynamic systems.

Inconsistent measurement of acute coronary syndrome patients’ pre-hospital delay in research: A review of the literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha H Mackay ◽  
Pamela A Ratner ◽  
Michelle Nguyen ◽  
Myra Percy ◽  
Paul Galdas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Total Delay ◽  
Timely Initiation ◽  
Hospital Arrival ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Definition Of

Background: Patients’ treatment-seeking delay remains a significant barrier to timely initiation of reperfusion therapy. Measurement of treatment-seeking delay is central to the large body of research that has focused on pre-hospital delay (PHD), which is primarily patient-related. This research has aimed to quantify PHD and its effects on morbidity and mortality, identify contributing factors, and evaluate interventions to reduce such delay. A definite time of symptom onset in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is essential for determining delay, but difficult to establish. This literature review aimed to explore the variety of operational definitions of both PHD and symptom onset in published research. Methods and results: We reviewed the English-language literature from 1998–2013 for operational definitions of PHD and symptom onset. Of 626 papers of possible interest, 175 were deemed relevant. Ninety-seven percent reported a delay time and 84% provided an operational definition of PHD. Three definitions predominated: (a) symptom onset to decision to seek help (18%); (b) symptom onset to hospital arrival (67%), (c) total delay, incorporating two or more intervals (11%). Of those that measured delay, 8% provided a definition of which symptoms triggered the start of timing. Conclusion: We found few and variable operational definitions of PHD, despite American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association recommendations to report specific intervals. Worryingly, definitions of symptom onset, the most elusive component of PHD to establish, are uncommon. We recommend that researchers (a) report two PHD delay intervals (onset to decision to seek care, and decision to seek care to hospital arrival), and (b) develop, validate and use a definition of symptom onset. This will increase clarity and confidence in the conclusions from, and comparisons within and between studies.

Revisiting MMORPGs in Support of Learning

2019 ◽  
pp. 187-214
Author(s):  
Bodi Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Educational Benefits ◽  
Role Playing Games ◽  
Player Game ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Education Psychology

This enhanced chapter revisits a previous literature analysis of research on the potential educational benefits of the use of massive multiplayer online role playing games (MMORPG) by considering both changes in the medium itself and recent trends in research. Initially, a working operational definition of MMORPGs in education is considered in light of research to date with a focus on how MMORPGs differ from most video games in terms of types of player-game interaction, levels of player-player interaction, and environments in which interaction occurs. Next considering previous and current theoretical and empirical studies on MMORPGs from a variety of disciplines, including education, psychology, and linguistics, a conceptual framework for the use of MMORPGs in support of learning is created. Finally, an overview of current research trends in MMORPGs is provided, concluding with suggestions concerning future research of the use of MMORPGs in support of learning.

scholarly journals Role Ambiguity in Sport Teams

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Eys ◽  
Albert V. Carron ◽  
Mark R. Beauchamp ◽  
Steven R. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Role Ambiguity ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Future Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Sport Teams ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The general purpose of the present study was to examine the nature of role ambiguity in sport teams and to explore the construct validity of the operational definition of role ambiguity developed by Beauchamp, Bray, Eys, and Carron (2002). Role ambiguity was operationalized as a multidimensional construct (Scope of Responsibilities, Behavioral Responsibilities, Evaluation of Performance, and Consequences of Not Fulfilling Responsibilities) that occurs in two contexts, offense and defense. Consistent with the a priori hypothesis, perceptions of role ambiguity exhibited some degree of within-group consistency and group-level variability, but most of the variance in role ambiguity was seen at the individual level. Also, perceptions of role ambiguity decreased from early to late season. Finally, veteran athletes experienced less role ambiguity than first-year athletes at the beginning of the season, but not at the end. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Defining Accessibility: A Snapshot of Accessibility Planning And A Review Of Practice In Ontario

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley E. Varajão
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Planning Profession ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Despite the growing importance of accessibility planning and the legislated recognition of Human Rights in the planning profession, there is no universal, operational definition of accessibility planning. Moreover, the objectives of accessibility planning for municipalities and the private sector are largely ambiguous beyond the point of minimum Ontario Building Code standards. This MRP provides an annotated bibliography on the various subcategories that inform accessibility planning, which can act as a starting point for practitioners who are unfamiliar with the subject. The paper also analyzes the current understanding of accessibility in planning and related fields to provide an immediate understanding of accessibility, as well as note areas of similarity or conflict in varying sectors. The report concludes with a discussion of some potential areas for future research and development within the field.

scholarly journals Quality of life in young onset dementia: an updated systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alice Tourinho Baptista ◽  
Raquel Luiza Santos ◽  
Nathália Kimura ◽  
Isabel Barbeito Lacerda ◽  
Aud Johannenssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Young Onset ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Thomson Reuters ◽  
Young Onset Dementia

Introduction Young onset dementia (YOD) develops before 65 years of age and has specific age-related adverse consequences for quality of life (QoL). We systematically examined factors related to the QoL of people with YOD and their caregivers. Method This systematic review used the PRISMA methodology. The literature search was undertaken on July 5, 2015, using Cochrane, PubMed, SciELO, PsycINFO, Scopus and Thomson Reuters Web of Science electronic databases. The search keywords included early onset and young onset combined with, dementia, Alzheimer, vascular dementia, mixed dementia, frontotemporal dementia, quality of life, well-being and unmet needs. Nine studies were included. We revised objectives, study design, sample, instruments and results related to QoL. Results People with YOD rated their own QoL significantly higher than their caregivers. Greater awareness of disease among people with YOD is associated with better QoL in caregivers. A relationship was found between unmet needs and daytime activities, lack of companionship and difficulties with memory. Issues associated with unmet needs were prolonged time to diagnosis, available health services and lack of caregiver's own future perspective. Conclusion Consideration should be given to conducting investigations with more homogeneous samples and use of a clear concept of QoL. The present study highlights the need for future research in a wider range of countries, using instruments specifically for YOD. It would be interesting if studies could trace parallels with late onset dementia groups.

scholarly journals Survival and life-expectancy in a young-onset dementia cohort with six years of follow-up: the NeedYD-study

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1781-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrie A.J. Gerritsen ◽  
Christian Bakker ◽  
Frans R.J. Verhey ◽  
Yolande A.L. Pijnenburg ◽  
Joany K. Millenaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Young Onset ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Young Onset Dementia ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dementia Subtype

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study was to investigate survival time and life-expectancy in people with young-onset dementia (YOD) and to examine the relationship with age, sex, dementia subtype and comorbidity.Design, Setting and Participants:Survival was examined in 198 participants in the Needs in Young-onset Dementia study, including participants with Alzheimer’s dementia (AD), vascular dementia (VaD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).Measures:The primary outcomes were survival time after symptom onset and after date of diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore the relationship between survival and age, sex, dementia subtype and comorbidity. Additionally, the impact on remaining life expectancy was explored.Results:During the six-year follow-up, 77 of the participants died (38.9%), 78 participants survived (39.4%) and 43 were lost to follow-up (21.7%). The mean survival time after symptom onset and diagnosis was 209 months (95% CI 185-233) and 120 months (95% CI 110-130) respectively. Participants with AD had a statistically significant shorter survival compared with VaD participants, both regarding survival after symptom onset (p = 0.047) as well as regarding survival after diagnosis (p = 0.049). Younger age at symptom onset or at diagnosis was associated with longer survival times. The remaining life expectancy, after diagnosis, was reduced with 51% for males and 59% for females compared to the life expectancy of the general population in the same age groups.Conclusion/Implications:It is important to consider the dementia subtype when persons with YOD and their families are informed about the prognosis of survival. Our study suggests longer survival times compared to other studies on YOD, and survival is prolonged compared to studies on LOD. Younger age at symptom onset or at diagnosis was positively related to survival but diagnosis at younger ages, nevertheless, still diminishes life expectancy dramatically.

Components of Hostile Masculinity and Their Associations With Male-Perpetrated Sexual Aggression Toward Women: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110302
Author(s):  
Travis N. Ray ◽  
Michele R. Parkhill
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Definition Of

Hostile masculinity and its components (i.e., sexual dominance, hostility toward women, adversarial sexual beliefs, rape myth acceptance, and acceptance of interpersonal violence) have received considerable research attention as predictors of male-perpetrated sexual aggression toward women. The current systematic review sought to synthesize and organize the extant literature. Studies were included in the systematic review if they were published in a peer-reviewed journal between the years 1990 and 2020, contained a male sample within the United States, analyzed quantitative data, and examined at least one component of hostile masculinity and its association with sexual aggression. Literature searches were conducted in three academic databases, and additional records were identified through references sections from known hostile masculinity research. A total of 95 articles met inclusion criteria and were integrated into the overview of results. The reviewed literature provided broad support for the association between hostile masculinity and sexual aggression, including evidence for the theoretical framework posited by the confluence model of sexual aggression. Prevention efforts are likely to find success by modifying hostile masculine characteristics among men, particularly within problematic environmental contexts. However, the review also highlighted the need for a uniform conceptualization and operational definition of hostile masculinity. Additionally, empirical work with diverse samples is necessary to determine the scope of generalizability and potential subcultural distinctions. Future research that addresses these limitations will contribute to the understanding and prevention of sexual aggression beyond what is provided by the extant literature.

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