Scientific and technical results of IX-th International congress of blast furnace men “Metallurgy of hot metal. Perspectives of development till the year of 2025”.

From September 25 through September 27, 2018, the IX-th International congress of blast furnace men took place in Nizhny Tagil at the base of JSC “EVRAZ NTMK” named “Metallurgy of hot metal. Perspectives of development till the year of 2025”. It was organized by International Union of blast furnace men, “MetProm” Group and JSC “EVRAZ NTMK”. Heads and specialists of metallurgical, coke-making and chemical and machine-building plants, representatives of designing organizations, R&D institutes from Russia, CIS and foreign countries – all together 180 participants. At the congress, the specialists could receive information on modern developments, to exchange by opinions and experience. More than 60 reports were presented, which will be included in the digest of proceedings of the IX-th International congress of blast furnace men. Reports of foreign companies like “Danieli Corus”, “Paul Wurth”, “Primetals Technologies” and “GEA Russia” attracted a big interest. A particular interest was paid at the congress to estimation of status of coke and sinter production, as well as BF production under the current economic conditions, to determination of main ways of the industry development. Leading specialists discussed the ways of BF existing technologies perfection, methods of pig iron production alternative technologies implementation, perfection of means of control, implementation of information technologies, environmentally clean and resources saving technologies, aimed at increasing of products quality and production efficiency. At the forum, results of innovation projects implementation at the biggest steel-works were considered. During the last day of the congress work, the participants visited the JSC “EVRAZ NTMK” blast furnace No. 7, which has a volume of 2200 m3 and designing productivity – 2.5 mt/year of hot metal.

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Production of SG Grade Pig Iron in Mini Blast Furnace

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.3174 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 634-638 ◽

pp. 3174-3180

Author(s):

Madan Mohan Mahato ◽

Mahesh Kumar Agrawal ◽

Sharda Nand Sinha

Keyword(s):

Blast Furnace ◽

Metallurgical Coke ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Pig Iron ◽

Hot Metal ◽

Efficient Operation ◽

Demand And Supply ◽

Slag Chemistry ◽

Capital Intensive

The entire life of a Blast furnace operator is spent to achieve the following aims: • To increase the productivity of Blast Furnace as high as possible. • To decrease the coke rate as low as possible to produce unit ton of hot metal. • To produce the hot metal of superior SG quality with particular reference to Sulphur & Silicon. • To keep the production cost as low as possible. The process indices of Mini Blast Furnace are similar to that of a conventional blast furnace. But, conventional blast furnace is capital intensive, solely dependent on good quality metallurgical coke, the gestation period is longer, and requires elaborate burden preparation. There is huge gap between demand and supply of steel in India. Also, India is dreaming to become developed nation by 2020. In such situations, the role of Mini Blast Furnace becomes very important. The slag chemistry is an important parameter to improve the process indices of MBF. The slag chemistry includes its chemical composition, liquidus temperature, fluidity, Sulphide capacity etc, which has an important bearing on the smooth & efficient operation of the MBF. The main important constituent of SG grade pig iron, particularly, Sulphur & silicon content should be 0.040% maximum and 1.20% to 2.20% maximum respectively. The chemical compositions of SG Grade Pig Iron is C- 3.80-4.20%, Mn – 0.35- 0.80%, Si – 1.20- 2.20%, S - 0.040% maximum and P – 0.15% maximum. The role of slag to produce such a low sulphur & low silicon in Mini Blast Furnace is very important. Therefore, to control Sulphur and silicon in SG Grade Pig Iron in Mini Blast Furnace, the optimisation of Slag Chemistry is an essential step.

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Technological advancements in evaluating the performance of the pulverized coal injection through tuyeres in blast furnace

Metallurgical Research & Technology ◽

10.1051/metal/2020068 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (6) ◽

pp. 611

Author(s):

Ashish Agrawal ◽

Rohit Kumar Tiwari ◽

Sanjiv Kumar ◽

Rajeswar Chatterjee ◽

Basant Kumar Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blast Furnace ◽

Pulverized Coal ◽

Injection System ◽

Metallurgical Coke ◽

Hot Metal ◽

Metal Production ◽

Replacement Ratio ◽

Pulverized Coal Injection ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Coal Injection

The pulverized coal injection (PCI) is pursued to reduce the hot metal production cost by replacing the expensive metallurgical coke with the non-coking coal. Increasing the PCI rate causes various difficulties in the blast furnace (BF) operation. In the present work, an attempt is made to review the various aspects of PC injection in BF such as the challenges with increasing the PCI rate and modifications in the injection system to circumvent the concerns related to higher PCI rate. Various methods for detecting the tuyere blockage and failure caused due to the high PCI rate are elaborated. The factors influencing the combustion of coal in front of tuyeres have been discussed and their impact in the replacement ratio has been discussed. Further, recommendations are made to improve the coal combustibility in front of tuyeres.

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Analysis of the Influence of Biomass Addition in Coal Mixture for Metallurgical Coke Production

Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ◽

10.34257/gjreevol21is2pg1 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Alex M. A. Campos ◽

Paulo S. Assis

Keyword(s):

Blast Furnace ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Environmental Issues ◽

Coke Production ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Metallurgical Coke ◽

Hot Metal ◽

Short Term ◽

Metal Production ◽

Coal Mixture

Metallurgical coke is a common material used for hot metal production in blast furnaces. In addition to the fuel function, it has a physical assignment, supporting the load inside the reactor, and chemical, supplying carbon to hot metal. However, due to growing discourse on environmental issues, the production of hot metal via coke blast furnace has been in evidence. This process is responsible for about 70% of CO2 emissions in steelmaking. On the other hand, biomasses are materials that are available in different ways in nature and considered neutral in CO2 emissions since they absorb this gas and release oxygen in the photosynthesis process. Thus, a viable alternative in the short term is the partial replacement of the coal used in coke production with biomass, which would generate environmental gains, and guarantee the sustainable production. Therefore, this work aims to show several published researches using biomass in coke production. The effects that biomass has on the properties of coke will be emphasized, and at the end, an environmental analysis will be shown with the possible use of biomass. It will be possible to see that it is possible to substitute between 2 and 10% of the coal for biomass, producing coke with the characteristics required in the blast furnace.

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A Comprehensive Review on Blast Furnace

SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE ◽

10.24113/ijoscience.v4i11.171 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Upendra Kumar ◽

Avinash Patidar ◽

Bhupendra Koshti

Keyword(s):

Blast Furnace ◽

Metallurgical Coke ◽

Waste Plastics ◽

Blast Furnaces ◽

Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Global Performance ◽

Flow Heat ◽

And Control ◽

Recycled Waste

The design and control of blast furnace (BF) ironmaking must be optimized in order to be competitive and sustainable, particularly under the more and more demanding and tough economic and environmental conditions. To achieve this, it is necessary to understand the complex multiphase flow, heat and mass transfer, and global performance of a BF. In this paper injection of alternative reducing agents via lances in the tubers of blast furnaces is discussed to reduce the consumption of metallurgical coke. Besides liquid hydrocarbons and pulverized coal the injection of recycled waste plastics is possible, offering the opportunity to chemically reuse waste material and also utilize the energy contained in such remnants.

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Features of the Harvesting and Logging Equipment Market in Russia

Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal) ◽

10.37482/0536-1036-2020-6-132-147 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 132-147

Author(s):

M.A. Piskunov ◽

Keyword(s):

Information Technologies ◽

Import Substitution ◽

Road Construction ◽

Forest Sector ◽

Specific Information ◽

Service Network ◽

Russian Market ◽

The Road ◽

Foreign Companies ◽

Transnational Companies

Russian forest sector forms an attractive market for harvesting and logging equipment, however the position of Russian manufacturers is extremely weak. A brief overview of the current state of the market is presented with reference to the open sources. Its features are mentioned as compared to the road construction and agricultural machinery sectors. Three transnational companies dominate the Russian market of harvesting and logging equipment: John Deere, Ponsse and Komatsu. Most of the purchased equipment falls on machines for cut-tolength technology, such as harvester and forwarder. The market volume of new machines is estimated at 330–420 forwarders, 165–300 harvesters, about 30–40 feller bunchers and the same number of skidders. There were two waves in the consolidation of the position of foreign companies in Russia. The first was connected with the delivery of equipment and the development of foreign brands in Russia against the background of still high-profile positions of Russian manufacturers in the market. The second is the takeover of enterprises having a service network and reputation by diversified transnational corporations. The main strategies of the leading companies in the current situation are the export of equipment to Russia and the development of a service network. Companies do not turn to another level associated with the opening of production sites or joint ventures for the production of harvesting and logging machines. The Russian market is characterized by the absence of a strong Russian manufacturer of harvesting and logging machines, which is ready to significantly influence or actively participate in the processes of import substitution. The position of such a manufacturer is gradually occupied by the Belarusian Amkodor Holding. The purchase of new harvesting and logging machines can afford major timber companies. The main production sites of harvesting and logging machines are located in Finland, Sweden, USA, and Canada. In order to support forestry machine engineering, in addition to economic measures of stimulation approved in other sectors, it is proposed: to organize the work of scientific forest engineering centers on the base of public-private partnership with the financial support from the major vertically-integrated timber corporate groups; to stimulate the development of Russian sector-specific information technologies for harvesting and logging; to initiate the partnership with companies from the People’s Republic of China to launch the design and production of new-generation harvesting and logging machines.

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Utilization of Organic Mixed Biosludge from Pulp and Paper Industries and Green Waste as Carbon Sources in Blast Furnace Hot Metal Production

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147706 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7706

Author(s):

Tova Jarnerud ◽

Andrey V. Karasev ◽

Chuan Wang ◽

Frida Bäck ◽

Pär G. Jönsson

Keyword(s):

Blast Furnace ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Hot Metal ◽

Technological Parameters ◽

Metal Production ◽

Green Waste ◽

Fuel Rate ◽

Pulp And Paper Industries

A six day industrial trial using hydrochar as part of the carbon source for hot metal production was performed in a production blast furnace (BF). The hydrochar came from two types of feedstocks, namely an organic mixed biosludge generated from pulp and paper production and an organic green waste residue. These sludges and residues were upgraded to hydrochar in the form of pellets by using a hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology. Then, the hydrochar pellets were pressed into briquettes together with commonly used briquetting material (in-plant fines such as fines from pellets and scraps, dust, etc. generated from the steel plant) and the briquettes were top charged into the blast furnace. In total, 418 tons of hydrochar briquettes were produced. The aim of the trials was to investigate the stability and productivity of the blast furnace during charging of these experimental briquettes. The results show that briquettes containing hydrochar from pulp and paper industries waste and green waste can partially be used for charging in blast furnaces together with conventional briquettes. Most of the technological parameters of the BF process, such as the production rate of hot metal (<1.5% difference between reference days and trial days), amount of dust, fuel rate and amount of injected coal, amount of slag, as well as contents of FeO in slag and %C, %S and %P in the hot metal in the experimental trials were very similar compared to those in the reference periods (two days before and two days after the trials) without using these experimental charge materials. Thus, it was proven that hydrochar derived from various types of organic residues could be used for metallurgical applications. While in this trial campaign only small amounts of hydrochar were used, nevertheless, these positive results support our efforts to perform more in-depth investigations in this direction in the future.

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Effect of BaO on silica activity in blast furnace slag and silicon distribution between slag and hot metal

Ironmaking & Steelmaking ◽

10.1179/174328106x80055 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 120-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Meraikib

Keyword(s):

Blast Furnace ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Hot Metal ◽

Silica Activity ◽

Furnace Slag

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Acquisition versus greenfield in Colombia: Reviewing the effect of cultural distance and vicarious experience

International Journal of Cross Cultural Management ◽

10.1177/14705958211064435 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 147059582110644

Author(s):

Mario Martínez-Avella ◽

Ángela Alarcón-León ◽

Giovanni Hernández-Salazar

Keyword(s):

Cultural Distance ◽

Cultural Dimensions ◽

Vicarious Experience ◽

Entry Modes ◽

Direct Experience ◽

Research Attention ◽

Foreign Companies ◽

Foreign Countries ◽

The Individual

The relation between the cultural distance and the firm’s entry modes to foreign countries has received considerable research attention, and studies have shown the role of experience in this relation. However, previous research has only studied direct experience and neglected the study of vicarious experience. Using a sample of 355 foreign companies that entered Colombia (2007–2017), this research reviews the effect of cultural distance on entry mode choice (e.g., Acquisition vs. Greenfield) and examines the moderating role of vicarious experience in this relationship. The study concludes that the cultural distance positively affects the entry probability by acquisition, and the vicarious experience negatively affects this relationship in four cultural dimensions. If firms have vicarious experience, the effect of cultural distance on the acquisition probability is less and positively influences the entry probability by Greenfield when the cultural distance is in power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and long-term orientation. Nevertheless, vicarious experience has the opposite effect when considering the masculinity dimension. Consequently, we highlight the importance of considering vicarious experience as a different variable of direct experience and the individual effects of cultural distance dimensions for cross-cultural studies in management.

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Adjustment of a technology of cast iron smelting in the blast furnace of jsc "ural steel" w ith a volume of 1232 см3 with charge h a v in g 95% share of Mikhailovskii GOK pellets

Ferrous Metallurgy Bulletin of Scientific Technical and Economic Information ◽

10.32339/0135-5910-2021-7-768-775 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 77 (7) ◽

pp. 768-775

Author(s):

I. F. Iskakov ◽

G. A. Kunitsyn ◽

D. V. Lazarev ◽

А. А. Red`kin ◽

S. A. Trubitsyn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blast Furnace ◽

Iron Ore ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Material Base ◽

Hot Metal ◽

Charging System ◽

Iron Smelting ◽

Gas Consumption ◽

A Charge

To use effectively internal raw material base, JSC “Ural Steel” accomplished I category major overhaul of the blast furnace No. 2. The main purpose of the overhaul was to design a rational profile which could ensure an ability to operate with a charge containing 95 % of Mikhailovskii GOK (mining and concentrating plant) pellets having basicity of 0.5 by CaO/SiO2. The blast furnace No. 2 having useful volume of 1232 m3, was constructed by design of Danieli Corus, the Netherlands, and was blown in on December 30, 2020. In the process of guarantee tests, step-by-step increase of Mikhailovskii GOK pellets (Fetotal = 60.5 %, CaO/SiO2 = 0.5) content in the charge iron ore part was being accomplished from 55 to 95.1%. Charging of the blend containing pellets in the amount of 55% of iron ore part, was done by charging system 4OOCC + 1COOCC (Ore - Coke) with filling level 1.5 m. Under conditions of pellets part increase in the blend, the charging system was changed to decrease their content at the periphery, to increase it in the ore ridge zone and make it intermediate between periphery and the ore ridge. At the pellets share in the iron ore raw materials 0.75 the charging system was used as the following: 3OOCC + 1COOC + 1COOCC, while at the content 95.1% the following charging system was used: 2COOC + 2COOC + 1COOCC. It was noted that in the period of guarantee tests the furnace running was smooth. The average silicon content in the hot metal was 0.70% at the standard deviation 0.666. Sulfur content in the hot metal did not exceed 0.024%, the blowing and natural gas consumption figures were 2100 m3/min and 11000 m3/min correspondently, oxygen content in the blowing 26.5%, hot blowing and top smoke pressure figures were 226.5 and 109.8 KPa correspondently. The productivity of the furnace was reached as high as 2358 t/day at the specific coke rate 433 kg/t of hot metal. After guarantee tests completion, the pellets content in the iron ore part was decreased gradually from 95 down to 50%. The decreasing was made by 5% in every 6 hours of operation. Application of the mastered technology of the blast furnace No. 2 with the increased share of pellets will enable to stably supply the blast furnaces No. 1, 3 and 4 by iron ore raw materials in the proportion of 30-35% of pellets and 65-70% of sinter.

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