scholarly journals Ultrasound in Inflammatory and Obstructive Salivary Gland Diseases: Own Experiences and a Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 3547
Author(s):  
Michael Koch ◽  
Matti Sievert ◽  
Heinrich Iro ◽  
Konstantinos Mantsopoulos ◽  
Mirco Schapher
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
First Line ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Salivary Gland Diseases ◽  
Technical Developments

Background: Ultrasound is established as a diagnostic tool in salivary glands for obstructive diseases such as sialolithiasis and tumors. Concerning inflammatory diseases and in non-sialolithiasis-caused obstruction, much fewer data are available. In recent years, technical development has allowed a better assessment of the gland parenchyma, and knowledge about intraductal pathologies has increased considerably, which has provided new insights and a new interpretation of ultrasound findings. Objectives: To provide a comprehensive review of the literature that includes our own experiences and to point out the state of the art in ultrasound in the diagnostics of inflammatory and obstructive salivary gland diseases, taking adequate techniques and recent technical developments into consideration. Data sources and study eligibility criteria: A systematic literature search was performed in Pubmed using various specific key words. Results: According to the literature results, including our own experiences, ultrasound is of value in up to >90% of cases presenting with inflammatory and/or obstructive diseases. Technical developments (e.g., elastography) and the application of modified ultrasound techniques (e.g., transoral ultrasound) have contributed to these results. Today, ultrasound is considered a first-line diagnostic tool in these diseases. However, in some inflammatory diseases, the final diagnosis can be made only after inclusion of the anamnesis, clinical symptoms, serologic blood tests, or histopathologic investigation. Conclusions: Ultrasound can be considered as a first-line diagnostic tool in obstructive and inflammatory salivary gland diseases. In obstructive diseases, it may be sufficient for diagnostics in >90% of cases. In inflammatory diseases, ultrasound is at least an excellent screening method and can be used to establish the diagnosis in cases of an early suspicion. In all diseases ultrasound can contribute to better management and can be used for monitoring during follow-up.

scholarly journals RADIATION METHODS FOR DIAGNOSIS OF SALIVARY GLAND DISEASES. REVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
T.V. Topchiy ◽  
D.V. Topchiy
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Salivary Gland Diseases ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

In modern conditions, the application of radiodiagnosis of salivary gland diseases requires a profound knowledge of the physical and technical bases and their scientific and methodological peculiarities. There are presented information on the history of discovery and diagnostic capabilities of some methods of radiation diagnosis. Analogue sialography at a certain stage of the application gave clinicians valuable information. In the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases, there is a predominance of traditional sialogram. The functional digital subtraction sialography allow us to eliminate traditional sialogram disadvantages. This method is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of salivary ducts. Computer tomographic sialography is the most valuable for the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors, allows differential diagnosis between benign and malignant tumors. An important advantage of salivary gland scintigraphy in comparison with other imaging methods is that both the secretory function and the excretory fraction of all four major salivary glands. Glands can be simultaneously quantified using a single injection. The method of ultrasound diagnostics allows to detect both malformations and inflammatory, degenerative-dystrophic processes, has some clear advantages in comparison with sialography, scintigraphy, computed tomography, since neither x-ray nor magnetic field is used, the duration of the procedure is shortened, the tomographic plane can be easily manipulated, metal bodies do not interfere. Conclusion. Complex application of radiation diagnostic methods, development of algorithms for the diagnosis of salivary glands can become a source of accurate and practically meaningful information.

scholarly journals Moiré topography as a screening and diagnostic tool—A systematic review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260858
Author(s):  
Marta Kinga Labecka ◽  
Magdalena Plandowska
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cobb Angle ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Diagnostic Investigation ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
High Repeatability ◽  
Moiré Topography

Diagnostic investigation can be carried out using non-radiological and non-contact methods. Moiré topography (MT) seems to be a viable alternative to radiographic research in evaluating the spine and/or trunk deviations. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the current knowledge regarding the reliability and validity of Moiré topography as a screening and diagnostic tool. The systematic review was performed from 2010 until March 2021 in the PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, according to the eligibility criteria. This review fulfilled the following criteria according to the PICO system: population (children and adolescents), intervention (MT measurement), comparison (repeated MT measurements, MT compared to Cobb angle or scoliometer), outcome (reliability and validity of MT). Eight studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria for further analysis. All the studies were assessed to be of high quality. Included studies found that MT had high repeatability and high intraobserver and interobserver correlation, and correlation between MT parameters and radiographic Cobb angle ranged from moderate to high. The authors reported difficulty in defining the cut-off values for MT parameter (Surface Trunk Rotation—STR), and unsatisfactory sensitivity and specificity of MT examination. The studies did not reveal the advantage of MT as a screening method in the detection of idiopathic scoliosis in comparison to radiograph. Based on the evidence from eight studies, the results indicated moderate evidence for reliability and validity of Moiré topography as a screening and diagnostic tool. There is still no strong evidence for the accuracy of MT.

Social Representations and Commitment

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bonetto ◽  
Fabien Girandola ◽  
Grégory Lo Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
First Line ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
English Articles

Abstract. This contribution consists of a critical review of the literature about the articulation of two traditionally separated theoretical fields: social representations and commitment. Besides consulting various works and communications, a bibliographic search was carried out (between February and December, 2016) on various databases using the keywords “commitment” and “social representation,” in the singular and in the plural, in French and in English. Articles published in English or in French, that explicitly made reference to both terms, were included. The relations between commitment and social representations are approached according to two approaches or complementary lines. The first line follows the role of commitment in the representational dynamics: how can commitment transform the representations? This articulation gathers most of the work on the topic. The second line envisages the social representations as determinants of commitment procedures: how can these representations influence the effects of commitment procedures? This literature review will identify unexploited tracks, as well as research perspectives for both areas of research.

Isotretinoin induced nail fold pyogenic granuloma resolution with combination therapy: A case report and review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-278
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bellew ◽  
Chad Taylor ◽  
Jaldeep Daulat ◽  
Vernon Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Pyogenic Granuloma ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
First Line ◽  
Healthy Adolescent ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Intralesional Steroids ◽  
Isotretinoin Therapy

Pyogenic granulomas are vascular hyperplasias presenting as red papules, polyps, or nodules on the gingiva, fingers, lips, face and tongue of children and young adults.  Most commonly they are associated with trauma, but systemic retinoids have rarely been implicated as a causative factor in their appearance.  We present a case of spontaneous eruption of multiple pyogenic granulomas of the bilateral periungal fingers in an otherwise healthy adolescent male undergoing isotretinoin therapy for severe nodulocystic acne. These pyogenic granulomas did not resolve spontaneously with discontinuation of isotretinoin, or first line therapeutic modalities. Their resolution did occur with administration of intralesional steroids and ablation with silver nitrate.

scholarly journals Indications and outcomes of enterovesical and colovesical fistulas: systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of prevalence

BMC Surgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Granieri ◽  
Francesco Sessa ◽  
Alessandro Bonomi ◽  
Sissi Paleino ◽  
Federica Bruno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Palliative Surgery ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Colovesical Fistula ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Entero-colovesical fistula is a rare complication of various benign and malignant diseases. The diagnosis is prominently based on clinical symptoms; imaging studies are necessary not only to confirm the presence of the fistula, but more importantly to demonstrate the extent and the nature of the fistula. There is still a lack of consensus regarding the if, when and how to repair the fistula. The aim of the study is to review the different surgical treatment options, focus on surgical indications, and explore cumulative recurrence, morbidity, and mortality rates of entero-vesical and colo-vesical fistula patients. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Random effects meta-analyses of proportions were developed to assess primary and secondary endpoints. I2 statistic and Cochran’s Q test were computed to assess inter-studies’ heterogeneity. Results Twenty-two studies were included in the analysis with a total of 861 patients. Meta-analyses of proportions pointed out 5, 22.2, and 4.9% rates for recurrence, complications, and mortality respectively. A single-stage procedure was performed in 75.5% of the cases, whereas a multi-stage operation in 15.5% of patients. Palliative surgery was performed in 6.2% of the cases. In 2.3% of the cases, the surgical procedure was not specified. Simple and advanced repair of the bladder was performed in 84.3% and 15.6% of the cases respectively. Conclusions Although burdened by a non-negligible rate of complications, surgical repair of entero-colovesical fistula leads to excellent results in terms of primary healing. Our review offers opportunities for significant further research in this field. Level of Evidence Level III according to ELIS (SR/MA with up to two negative criteria).

scholarly journals Effect of first-line biologic initiation on glucocorticoid exposure in children hospitalized with new-onset systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: emulation of a pragmatic trial using observational data

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary G. Peterson ◽  
Rui Xiao ◽  
Hannah Katcoff ◽  
Brian T. Fisher ◽  
Pamela F. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Biologic Therapy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pragmatic Trial ◽  
Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Source Population ◽  
First Line ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Over Time ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Background Glucocorticoid exposure is a significant driver of morbidity in children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). We determined the effect of early initiation of biologic therapy (IL-1 or IL-6 inhibition) on glucocorticoid exposure in hospitalized patients with new-onset sJIA. Methods We emulated a pragmatic sequence of trials (“pseudo-trials”) of biologic initiation in children (≤ 18 years) hospitalized with new-onset sJIA utilizing retrospective data from an administrative database from 52 tertiary care children’s hospitals from 2008 to 2019. Eligibility window, treatment assignment and start of follow-up between biologic and non-biologic study arms were aligned for each pseudo-trial. Patients in the source population could meet eligibility criteria at several timepoints. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to determine the effect of biologic initiation on in-hospital glucocorticoid exposure. Results Four hundred sixty-eight children met eligibility criteria, of which 19% received biologic therapy without preceding or concomitant initiation of immunomodulatory medications. This proportion significantly increased over time during the study period (p <  0.01). 1451 trial subjects were included across 4 pseudo-trials with 71 assigned to the biologic arm and 1380 assigned to the non-biologic arm. After adjustment, there was a trend toward decreased odds of glucocorticoid initiation in the biologic arm compared to the non-biologic arm (OR 0.39, 95% CI [0.13, 1.15]). Conclusion Biologic initiation in children hospitalized with new-onset sJIA significantly increased over time and may be associated with reduced glucocorticoid exposure. The increasing use of first-line biologic therapy may lead to clinically relevant reductions in treatment-related adverse effects of glucocorticoid-reliant therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Acute Pancreatitis as a Complication of Antiepileptic Treatment: Case Series and Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Pawłowska-Kamieniak ◽  
Paulina Krawiec ◽  
Elżbieta Pac-Kożuchowska
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Acid Therapy

Acute pancreatitis (AP) appears to be rare disease in childhood. In children, it has a different aetiology and course, and requires different management than in adult patients. The diagnosis of AP is based on at least two of the three criteria, which include typical clinical symptoms, abnormalities in laboratory tests and/or imaging studies of the pancreas. There are many known causes leading to AP in children including infections, blunt abdominal trauma, genetic factors, gallstone disease, metabolic disorders, anatomical defects of the pancreas, systemic diseases, as well as drugs, including antiepileptic drugs, and especially preparations of valproic acid. In our study, we present four cases of young patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis as a complication of valproic acid therapy and we present a review of the literature. We believe that the activity of pancreatic enzymes should be monitored in children treated with valproate preparations in the case of clinical symptoms suggesting AP.

scholarly journals The Role of Salivary Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Patrycja Pawlik ◽  
Katarzyna Błochowiak
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers

Many neurodegenerative diseases present with progressive neuronal degeneration, which can lead to cognitive and motor impairment. Early screening and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are necessary to begin treatment before the onset of clinical symptoms and slow down the progression of the disease. Biomarkers have shown great potential as a diagnostic tool in the early diagnosis of many diseases, including AD and PD. However, screening for these biomarkers usually includes invasive, complex and expensive methods such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling through a lumbar puncture. Researchers are continuously seeking to find a simpler and more reliable diagnostic tool that would be less invasive than CSF sampling. Saliva has been studied as a potential biological fluid that could be used in the diagnosis and early screening of neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to provide an insight into the current literature concerning salivary biomarkers used in the diagnosis of AD and PD. The most commonly studied salivary biomarkers in AD are β-amyloid1-42/1-40 and TAU protein, as well as α-synuclein and protein deglycase (DJ-1) in PD. Studies continue to be conducted on this subject and researchers are attempting to find correlations between specific biomarkers and early clinical symptoms, which could be key in creating new treatments for patients before the onset of symptoms.

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