scholarly journals HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE PARTICULAR MATER CONTENT IN THE AIR OF ZAPORIZHZHIA CITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
А.І. Sevalnev ◽  
L.P. Sharavara ◽  
Yu.V. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Open Hearth ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Respirable Dust ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Aerodynamic Diameter ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
The City

Relevance. The greatest threat to human health is provided by the suspended particular mater with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less. Since they can lead to an increase of frequency of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and contribute to an increase in mortality from these diseases. Objective. The research was aimed to carrying out a hygienic assessment of the particular mater content of the PM4 and PM10 fraction in the atmospheric air and in the air of the working area of the metallurgical enterprises. Materials and methods. It was performed the 4000 studies of PM4 and PM10 concentrations in the atmospheric air and 1838 - at workplaces. The study was carried out using a piezo-balanced measuring instrument for mass concentration of respirable dust - KANOMAX 3521. Results. Monitoring of atmospheric air showed that PM4 and PM10 are constant components of atmospheric air in the city of Zaporizhzhya. It was found that the maximum one-time concentrations of PM10 in the ambient air exceeded permissible concentration 20-minute mean only in sporadic cases, with the multiplicity exceeding 1.1-1.2 times. But daily average concentrations of these substances systematically exceeded recommended levels in 1.5 times. It was established that in the agglomeration, in the blast furnace guild and in the open-hearth guild departments the PM10 and PM4 content in the air of the working area was 21.2 and 16.0 times, 31.8 and 24.4 times and 15.5 and 13.2 times more than at workers of factory management, respectively. Conclusion. Organization of constant continuous monitoring of PM content in the air is a prerequisite for a correct assessment of their impact on the health of the population and workers.

Organization of monitoring of carcinogens in the atmospheric air of the city and assessment of the health risk

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Oleg Vladimirovich Klepikov ◽  
Yuriy Ivanovich Stepkin ◽  
Semen Aleksandrovich Kurolap ◽  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Yeprintsev
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Probable Presence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

The aim of the study was to assess the carcinogenic risk to the health of the population of an industrialized city, caused by the probable presence of carcinogens in the ambient air. The results of laboratory control of the content of carcinogens in the atmospheric air of the city of Voronezh for 2017–2020 were used as the initial data. The carcinogenic risk was assessed in accordance with the provisions of Guideline R. 2.1.10.1920–04 «Guidelines for assessing the risk to public health when exposed to chemicals that pollute the environment.» Taking into account the regional peculiarities of the composition of pollutant emissions into the atmospheric air, 1,3-butadiene (source — production of synthetic rubber) should be classified as priority carcinogens requiring systematic monitoring and measures to reduce the volume of emissions and, accordingly, concentrations in the surface layer of atmospheric air and chromium 6+ compounds (the main source is an aircraft plant). These substances, depending on the territory (transport or industrial), contribute 69.9–75.7 % and 21.7–26.9 %, respectively, to the total values of the individual carcinogenic risk (from 4.27 × 10 –3 to 4.90 × 10 –3 for the adult population, from 3.38 × 10 –4 to 3.82 × 10 –4 for children 6 years old). For the rest of the laboratory controlled carcinogens (formaldehyde, lead, soot, styrene), the risks do not exceed the maximum permissible value. It was found that the territorial coverage of the urban area of Voronezh by monitoring the content of carcinogens in the atmospheric air (5 stationary and 5 route observation posts) and the number of laboratory-determined carcinogens (6 out of 18 taken into account in the projects of maximum permissible emissions of enterprises) is insufficient to obtain reliable information on the value carcinogenic risk to public health. To reduce the associated uncertainties in assessing the carcinogenic risk, further studies of the content of 8 carcinogens (1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, lead, carbon black, chromium 6+, benzene, benz/a/pyrene, styrene) are planned at 13 additional control points of the urban area.

scholarly journals Molecular Markers in Ambient Air Associated with Biomass Burning in Morelos, México

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Mónica Ivonne Arias-Montoya ◽  
Rebecca López-Márquez ◽  
Mario Alfonso Murillo-Tovar ◽  
Jorge Antonio Guerrero-Alvarez ◽  
Josefina Vergara-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Glutaric Acid ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Aerodynamic Diameter ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The City

Atmospheric particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) were collected at two sites located in the urban area of the city of Cuernavaca (Morelos) during a season when a large number of forest fires occurred. Three dicarboxylic acids (malonic, glutaric and succinic) and levoglucosan were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF) and soluble potassium (K+) was analyzed by ion chromatography. The concentration of PM2.5 increased on the days when the highest number of forest fires occurred. A strong correlation was observed between levoglucosan and K+, confirming the hypothesis that both are tracers of biomass burning (r = 0.57, p < 0.05). Levoglucosan (average 367.6 ng m−3, Site 2) was the most abundant compound, followed by succinic acid (average 101.7 ng m−3, Site 2), glutaric acid (average 63.2 ng m−3, Site 2), and malonic acid (average 46.9 ng m−3, Site 2), respectively. The ratio of C3/C4 concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 1.2, with an average of 0.8, which suggests great photochemical activity in the Cuernavaca atmosphere. The ratio of K+/levoglucosan concentrations (0.44) indicates that open fires are the main source of these tracers. The positive correlations between PM2.5 and levoglucosan and succinic and malonic acids suggest that such compounds are contributing to secondary organic aerosol particle formation.

scholarly journals Health risk to the population in Norilsk under exposure of substances polluting ambient air

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-534
Author(s):  
Irina V. May ◽  
Svetlana V. Kleyn ◽  
Svetlana A. Vekovshinina ◽  
Stanislav Yu. Balashov ◽  
Kristina V. Chetverkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
The City

Introduction. The city of Norilsk is included in the list of cities participating in the federal project “Clean Air.” The comprehensive action plan for protecting atmospheric air of substances provides a 75% reduction in emissions and a decrease in the level of pollution from “very high” to “high.” The aim of the study was to assess human health risk from chemicals that pollute the atmospheric air of the city of Norilsk before the implementation of a complex of air protection measures. Also, we planned to identify priority factors and sources of risk. Material and methods. The assessment of carcinogenic, acute, and chronic non-carcinogenic health risks was carried out at 1105 points of location of residential buildings in the city based on summary calculations of dispersion. The database of parameters of 2145 sources of pollutant emissions into the atmospheric air of the city was used. Results. Unacceptable, including high levels of risk to the health of citizens, have been established to be registered throughout the city. More than 181.8 thousand people live in high-risk zones. Risks occur both during short-term and long-term exposure to atmospheric pollution. The risk indicators for respiratory disorders diseases of the immune system and the blood system are ten or more times higher than the acceptable levels. There have been eleven priority pollutants contributing up to 90% to unacceptable risks (nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, copper, nickel, lead oxides, the sum of various types of industrial dust, etc.). Conclusion. In general, aerogenic health risks require urgent measures to reduce them. The planned measures to suppress sulfur dioxide emissions, nitrogen oxides, and dust in Norilsk are generally large-scale and adequate to the priority risk factors. At the same time, it is necessary to develop and implement measures to reduce emissions of heavy metal compounds. Until the levels of acceptable health risk are reached, measures of a medical and prophylactic nature are relevant as compensation measures provided for by current legislation.

scholarly journals Hygienic assessment of atmospheric air in the areas with different degrees of the development of the road-traffic complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 1117-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Rakhmanin ◽  
Aleksandr V. Levanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
The Road ◽  
Braking System ◽  
The City

The paper presents the results of a study of the qualitative composition and quantity of pollutants in atmospheric air in the course of operational wear of the road surface, braking system and tire treads of automobiles. On the basis of field research in samples ofatmospheric air ofthe city of St. Petersburg there were identified compounds of heavy metals andpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). There was established the dependence of the level of air pollution on traffic flows in locations of the city. Pollutants were shown to enter the air environment mainly in the form offine dust particles. There was justified the need for the control ofproducts of wear the road traffic complex in the hygienic assessment of the quality of ambient air ofmegalopises.

scholarly journals Public Transport Strikes and Their Relationships With Air Pollution, Mortality, and Hospital Admissions

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
Margarita Triguero-Mas ◽  
Èrica Martínez-Solanas ◽  
Jose Barrera-Gómez ◽  
David Agis ◽  
Noemí Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Nitrogen Monoxide ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Aerodynamic Diameter ◽  
Respiratory Mortality ◽  
Health Events ◽  
The City

Abstract There is limited suggestive evidence of relationships between public transport strikes and either increased air pollution or worse population health. In this study we aimed to assess whether public transport strikes were associated with increases in health events (overall, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, and cardiovascular and respiratory hospitalizations). We also explored whether air pollution mediated those associations. We used data from the city of Barcelona (Spain) for the period 2005–2016 on strikes, health events, and ambient air pollution (nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm, PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm, PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤1μm, number of particles with a diameter greater than 5 nm per cm3 (particle number concentration), and black carbon). We used linear and quasi-Poisson regression models to explore the associations between air pollution and public transport strikes and between public transport strikes and health outcomes. We also investigated potential causal mediation by air pollution. Overall, this study suggested that public transport strikes are associated with increased overall mortality, respiratory mortality, and respiratory hospitalizations. However, our findings suggest that such increases are not mediated by the increase in air pollution. Our results indicate the need to further investigate these relationships and potential mechanisms.

On the issue of optimization of atmospheric air quality monitoring for the implementation of the Federal project «Clean Air»

2019 ◽  
pp. 931-936
Author(s):  
I. V. May ◽  
A. A. Kokoulina ◽  
S. Yu. Balashov
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Monitoring Programs ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
The City

Introduction. The city of Chita of Zabaikalsky region is one of the cities of Russia, priority on level of pollution of atmosphere. Of the order of 130 impurities emitted by the sources of the city, 12 are monitored at 5 posts of the Roshydromet network. Maximum monthly average concentrations are formed by benz (a) pyrene (up to 56.8 MPC), hydrogen sulfide (12.3 MPC), suspended particles (up to 4PDC), phenol (up to 3.6 MPC). Significant emissions (59.73 thousand tons in 2018) are aggravated by the use of coal as a fuel by heat and power enterprises and the private sector, climatic and geographical features. Within the framework of the Federal project “Clean Air” of the national project “Ecology”, it is envisaged to reduce the gross emission of pollutants into the atmosphere of Chita by 8.75 thousand tons by 2024, which should lead to a significant improvement in the safety and quality of life of citizens. It is necessary to identify the most “risky “components of pollution for health.It is important to understand: whether the environmental monitoring system reflects the real picture of the dangers posed by pollution of the city’s atmosphere; whether there is a need to optimize the monitoring system for the subsequent assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of measures; what impurities and at what points should be monitored in the interests of the population, administration and economic entities implementing air protection measures.The aim of the study is to develop recommendations for optimizing the program of environmental monitoring of air quality in the city of Chita, taking into account the criteria of danger to public health for the subsequent evaluation of the effectiveness and effectiveness of the Federal project “Clean Air”.Materials and methods. Justification of optimization of monitoring programs was carried out through the calculation of hazard indices, considering: the mass of emissions and toxicological characteristics of each chemical; the population under the influence. A vector map of the city with a layer “population density” was used as a topographic base. The indices were calculated for regular grid cells covering the residential area. For each cell, the repeatability of winds of 8 points from the priority enterprises and the population within the calculated cell were taken into account. As a result, each calculation cell was characterized by a total coefficient, taking into account the danger of potential impacts of emissions. Based on the results of the assessments, recommendations were formulated to optimize the placement of posts in the city and the formation of monitoring programs.Results. Indices of carcinogenic danger to the health of the population of Chita ranged from 584,805. 96 to 0.03 (priorities: carbon (soot), benzene, benz (a) pyrene); indices of non-carcinogenic danger — from 1,443,558. 24 to 0.00 (priorities: sulfur dioxide, inorganic dust containing 70–20% SiO2, fuel oil ash). The greatest danger to public health stationary sources of emissions form in the North-Western, Western and South-Eastern parts of the city. Roshydromet posts in these zones are absent.Conclusions. As part of the objectives of the project “Clean Air”, it is recommended to Supplement the existing state network of observations of atmospheric air quality in Chita with two posts; to include manganese, xylene, vanadium pentoxide in the monitoring programs, to carry out the determination of Benz(a)pyrene et all posts, which will allow to fully and adequately assess the danger of emissions of economic entities, as well as the effectiveness and efficiency of the provided air protection measures.

PHYTOMONITORING AS A METOD OF THE ASSESSMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION BY URBAN ENVIRONMENT BY FINE DUST

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Irina Glinyanova ◽  
Valery Azarov ◽  
Valery Fomichev
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Fine Dust ◽  
Control Zone ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Random Functions ◽  
The City

Fine dust: (PM2.5, PM10) is a priority pollutant that contributes to the development of numerous dis-eases in urban areas. The purpose of this scientific work is to study the dispersed composition of dust parti-cles on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus armeníaca) in the residential zone of Volgograd. The novelty of the work lies in the study of the dispersed composition of dust particles on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus armeníaca) in the residential zone in the city of Volgograd near the construction industry enterprise, me-chanical engineering, leather production and railway transport line in comparison with the conditionally clean (control) zone of the SNT “Orocenets” ”(Sovetsky District, Volgograd) from the standpoint of random functions expressed by integral distribution curves of the mass of particles over their equivalent diameters. As a result of the research, the dispersed composition of dust on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus ar-meníaca) in the residential area of Volgograd was revealed. Fine particles were found: PM2.5, PM10 in each of the studied points, which by their values, both in their number and mass fraction, significantly exceed the data on fine dust in a conditionally clean area (control) in the SNT “Oroshanets” (Sovetsky district Volgo-grad), which creates certain environmental risks for local residents. The dispersed analysis of particles from the standpoint of random functions in the future will allow with a sufficiently high degree of accuracy to pre-dict the dust content of urban atmospheric air in the range of monthly and / or seasonal average values compared to the traditional measurement of fine dust concentration in atmospheric air of the urban environ-ment as the maximum single or daily average. At the same time, further studies of dust on the leaves of plants in an urban environment, namely, the study of the density of its sedimentation, will also reveal a group of ur-ban plants that are best suited to retain PM2.5 and PM10 on leaf plates in this region, which can significantly increase the quality of the atmospheric air of the urban environment and be of a recommendatory nature for the state-owned landscaping services of the city of Volgograd when improving the green areas of a megacity.

scholarly journals Urban influence on the concentration and composition of submicron particulate matter in central Amazonia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzane S. de Sá ◽  
Brett B. Palm ◽  
Pedro Campuzano-Jost ◽  
Douglas A. Day ◽  
Weiwei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Organic Mass ◽  
The City

Abstract. Fundamental to quantifying the influence of human activities on climate and air quality is an understanding of how anthropogenic emissions affect the concentrations and composition of airborne particulate matter (PM). The central Amazon basin, especially around the city of Manaus, Brazil, has experienced rapid changes in the past decades due to ongoing urbanization. Herein, changes in the concentration and composition of submicron PM due to pollution downwind of the Manaus metropolitan region are reported as part of the GoAmazon2014/5 experiment. A high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and a suite of other gas- and particle-phase instruments were deployed at the T3 research site, 70 km downwind of Manaus, during the wet season. At this site, organic components represented on average 79 ± 7 % of the non-refractory PM1 mass concentration, which was in the same range as several upwind sites. The organic PM1 was, however, considerably more oxidized at T3 compared to upwind measurements. Positive-matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to the time series of organic mass spectra collected at the T3 site, yielding three factors representing secondary processes (73 ± 15 % of total organic mass concentration) and three factors representing primary anthropogenic emissions (27 ± 15 %). Fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM) was applied to the afternoon time series of concentrations of NOy, ozone, total particle number, black carbon, and sulfate. Four clusters were identified and characterized by distinct airmass origins and particle compositions. Two clusters, Bkgd-1 and Bkgd-2, were associated with background conditions. Bkgd-1 appeared to represent near-field atmospheric PM production and oxidation of a day or less. Bkgd-2 appeared to represent material transported and oxidized for two or more days, often with out-of-basin contributions. Two other clusters, Pol-1 and Pol-2, represented the Manaus influence, one apparently associated with the northern region of Manaus and the other with the southern region of the city. A composite of the PMF and FCM analyses provided insights into the anthropogenic effects on PM concentration and composition. The increase in mass concentration of submicron PM ranged from 25 % to 200 % under polluted compared to background conditions, including contributions from both primary and secondary PM. Furthermore, a comparison of PMF factor loadings for different clusters suggested a shift in the pathways of PM production under polluted conditions. Nitrogen oxides may have played a critical role in these shifts. Increased concentrations of nitrogen oxides can shift pathways of PM production from HO2-dominant to NO-dominant as well as increase the concentrations of oxidants in the atmosphere. Consequently, the oxidation of biogenic and anthropogenic precursor gases as well as the oxidative processing of pre-existing atmospheric PM can be accelerated. The combined set of results demonstrates the susceptibility of atmospheric chemistry, air quality, and associated climate forcing to anthropogenic perturbations over tropical forests.

scholarly journals Bioindication of atmospheric air quality based on the condition of Pinus sylvestris l. Needles in the conditions of the city of Orsk, Orenburg region

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (44) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
The City ◽  
Industrial Center

The article presents the results of a bioindication study of atmospheric air pollution on the condition of pine needles (Pinus sylvestris L.) on the example of the city of Orsk, Orenburg region. The city of Orsk is a major industrial center of the Southern Urals. The research was carried out on 6 sites located within the city with different anthropogenic loads. The research method is based on the direct dependence of damage to Pinus sylvestris L. needles (necrosis and desiccation) on the level of atmospheric air pollution. Analyzed the morphological characteristics of the needles of Pinus sylvestris L. in the studied areas. The result of the study is an assessment of the state of atmospheric air. Keywords: BIOINDICATION, SCOTS PINE, NEEDLES, AIR POLLUTION, ORSK CITY, ORENBURG REGION

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document