scholarly journals THE SYMBOLISM OF IMRE MAKOVECH'S METAPHORICAL LANGUAGE IN THE FORMATION OF SACRED SPACE

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Liliia Gnatiuk
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sacred Space ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Material Object ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Metaphorical Language ◽  
The World ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
The Relationship

The article analyzes the iconic temples of the twentieth century designed by the Hungarian architect Imre Makovec. The anthroposophical theory of architecture is presented, which assumed that the world and man are permeated with various types of spiritual forces, thanks to the forms of objects of the visible world, they can be strengthened or weakened. The understanding of the harmony of forms in the formation of the sacred space is presented. The architecture of sacred buildings erected according to the principle of organic architecture is considered. It is determined that the forms created by Makovech do not belong to any of the "languages" of architectural expression that have been created so far. The article presents a view on the mysterious nature of the connection of people in society – close to the types of connections that connect religious communities, as well as the concept of architecture as a bridge between heaven and earth, which also changed the approach to a building as an exclusively material object. The forms of individual sacred structures and the ways of organizing their interiors were analyzed, which made it possible to conclude that the ideas of reviving the unity of the surrounding landscape, the tendency to use local materials (primarily wood), but also a more general, philosophical attitude, allows us to consider architecture as an element that binds forces space with human life. The use of the metaphorical language of Makovech's architecture is considered based on the world of visual human products and their iconographic distinctive features. Revealed the need to take into account the relationship between certain forms and messages, through them are transmitted to the formations of the sacred space. An attempt is also presented to adapt the principles of modernism to the needs of the shaping of the sacred space. The tendencies of the formation of the sacred space in the twentieth century are revealed, namely: anthroposophical; continuation and development of Christian symbols. 

scholarly journals TRENDS OF FORMATION OF SACRED SPACE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Liliia Gnatiuk
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Sacred Space ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Magic Numbers ◽  
Gothic Cathedral ◽  
Liturgical Reform ◽  
Social Unity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

The article analyzes the iconic temples of the twentieth century. The anthroposophical theory of architecture is presented, which assumed that the world and man are permeated by different types of spiritual forces, due to the forms of objects of the visible world can be strengthened or weakened. An understanding of the harmony of forms in the formation of sacred space is presented. The architecture of the sacred constructions erected on the principle of organic architecture is considered. The influence of German Expressionist architects on the formation of the temple architecture they created, as well as the regularity of the use of geometric figures and the use of magic numbers are presented. A look at the mysterious nature of the connection of people in a society that is close to the types of connections that connect religious communities is presented. The forms of individual sacred buildings and ways of organizing their interiors are analyzed, which led to the conclusion that the ideas of the revival of social unity arose as a result of a combination of various elements, such as Christian religion and non-political socialism. The phenomenon of perception of the Church as a social organization is presented, but also of the church as a building, which became a model of a proper social organization in the early 20th century. Perceptions of the Gothic cathedral as a phenomenon of the community association of architects are highlighted. The use of Gothic typography for the design of publications of the early twentieth century is considered. The need to take into account the relationship between certain forms and messages, which are transmitted through them in the formation of sacred space. An attempt is also made to adapt the principles of modernism to the needs of the formation of sacred space. The tendencies of formation of sacred space in the XX century are revealed, namely: Anthroposophical; community worship and liturgical reform. 

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

Integration of the Tatar communityto Azerbaijani society

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (08) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Эллада Амирага гызы Аббасова ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Key Words ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Common Origin ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Events ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship

The development of international cooperation in the field of culture is extremely important, since it ensures wide and in-depth interaction between states and peoples, makes a real opportunity for dialogue, unites the cultures of the peoples of the world. Two fraternal countries have actively taken root in international cultural exchange; Azerbaijan and Tatarstan. Azerbaijan is a multicultural country that is home to many peoples and ethnic minorities. Representatives of the peoples inhabiting this region are full citizens of the Republic of Azerbaijan, including the Tatars. The radical transformations that befell these countries at the end of the twentieth century influenced future events and their development. The Azerbaijani and Tatar peoples, whose relations have a long history, are linked by a common origin, similarity of language, culture and traditions. The relationship between the two peoples has strengthened even more during the years of independence. Key words: Tatars in Azerbaijan, activities of the Tatar community, cultural exchange, Tugan-Tel, Yashlek, Ak-Kalfak

scholarly journals Humanity and Humanitarianism: An Ambiguous Connection

2018 ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
E. V. Zolotukhina-Abolina
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

The article discusses the relationship between the concepts of humanitarianism and humanity, which the author dissociates from each other, also separating them from the concept of humanism. The author believes that these concepts are often confused, they form a “semantic cloud,” intuitively comprehended as integrity and referring us to the image of man as the center of the world and the subject matter of discussion in ethics, aesthetics, psychology as well as philosophy and other “free arts.” However, these concepts need to be distinguished. Humanism represents a conceptual theoretical setting for considering a person as a free, independent and active being, while, in the author’s opinion, humanitarianism is a literary (philosophical and artistic) form of statements about a person. At the same time, humanity is meant as a characteristic of behavior and attitudes that motivate this behavior, such as the motives of kindness, philanthropy, benevolence. The article reveals the main features of humanitarianism and also shows that humanitarian texts are not always texts originating from attitudes of humanity and pursuing humanity. Literary reflection on the subject of a man does not necessarily need kindness and benevolence. The article provides examples of both the coincidence of humanitarianism and humanity and their divergence. The author draws attention to the existence of humanitarian but not humane texts, some of which cannot be attributed as philanthropic and other ones – as optimistic. The author considers it necessary not to confuse closely related concepts, denoting different aspects of human life and culture.

The Philosophical Concepts in Ryszard Otowicz’s Bioethics

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Piotr Aszyk
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Moral Theology ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
The World ◽  
Theological Perspective ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Defense Reflex

This article presents a general overview of philosophical issues undertaken in the work of Richard Otowicz (1953–2003), Jesuit and Professor of Moral Theology at the Pontifical Faculty of Theology in Warsaw. Within the set of views developed by him, the theological perspective undoubtedly assumes pride of place. Often, however, he refers to philosophical issues from which, in his opinion, one cannot escape—issues that bear directly on human life. What is especially striking is Otowicz’s hypothesis that bioethics is a kind of self-defense reflex of mankind, who are attempting by means of it to intellectually grasp the issues relating to the unlimited expansion of technology. Developments and changes observed in the world are forcing humanity to rethink very fundamental issues, such as interpersonal relationships or the relationship of man to nature.

Dante's New Life of the Book

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Eisner
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Poetic Form ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

This study uses the material transmission history of Dante’s innovative first book, the Vita nuova (New Life), to intervene in recent debates about literary history, reconceiving the relationship between the work and its reception, and investigating how different material manifestations and transformations in manuscripts, printed books, translations, and adaptations participate in the work. Just as Dante frames his collection of thirty-one poems surrounded by prose narrative and commentary as an attempt to understand his own experiences through the experimental form of the book, so later scribes, editors, and translators use different material forms to embody their own interpretations of it. Traveling from Boccaccio’s Florence to contemporary Hollywood with stops in Emerson’s Cambridge, Rossetti’s London, Nerval’s Paris, Mandelstam’s Russia, De Campos’s Brazil, and Pamuk’s Istanbul, this study builds on extensive archival research to show how Dante’s strange poetic forms continue to challenge readers. In contrast to a conventional reception history’s chronological march, each chapter analyzes how one of these distinctive features has been treated over time, offering new perspectives on topics such as Dante’s love of Beatrice, his relationship with Guido Cavalcanti, and his attraction to another woman, while highlighting Dante’s concern with the future, as he experiments with new ways to keep Beatrice alive for later readers. Deploying numerous illustrations to show the entanglement of the work’s poetic form and its material survival, Dante’s New Life of the Book offers a fresh reading of Dante’s innovations, demonstrating the value of this philological analysis of the work’s survival in the world.

scholarly journals Vulgar Modernism: J. M. Richards, Modernism and the Vernacular in British Architecture

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 229-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
The World ◽  
Architectural Review ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
British Architecture ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reyner Banham

In 1946 J. M. Richards, editor of theArchitectural Review (AR)and self-proclaimed champion of modernism, published a book entitledThe Castles on the Ground(Fig. 1). This book, written while working for the Ministry of Information (Mol) in Cairo during the war, was a study of British suburban architecture and contained long, romantic descriptions of the suburban house and garden. Richards described the suburb as a place in which ‘everything is in its place’ and where ‘the abruptness, the barbarities of the world are far away’. For this reasonThe Castles on the Groundis most often remembered as a retreat from pre-war modernism, into nostalgia for mock-Tudor houses and privet hedges. The writer and critic Reyner Banham, who worked with Richards at the AR in the 1950s, described the book as a ‘blank betrayal of everything that Modern Architecture was supposed to stand for’. More recently, however, it has been rediscovered and reassessed for its contribution to mid-twentieth-century debates about the relationship between modern architects and the British public. These reassessments get closer to Richards’s original aim for the book. He was not concerned with the style of suburban architecture for its own sake, but with the question of why the style was so popular and what it meant for the role of modern architects in Britain and their relationship to the ‘man in the street’.

Part of Living in the Late Twentieth Century: Notions of Risk and Fear in Relation to Crime

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Lupton
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Victim Status ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This article reports on some of the findings of a study into fear of crime among a group of Australians, examining the relationship between assessments of personal risk of being a victim of six specified crimes and worry about being a victim of these crimes. The findings revealed that while the two are related, assessments of risk tended to be higher than assessments of worry in relation to the same crime. Participants drew on their perception of their own vulnerability based on such attributes as gender, age and everyday routines, their personal experiences of crime, knowledge of others' experiences and media accounts to explain their assessments. Also underlying their notions of risk and fear were two paradoxical discourses on victimisation. The first discourse represents individuals as able to control their destiny and responsible for protecting themselves from crime. The second represented victimisation as a product of fate, against which it was impossible to fully protect oneself. It is argued that these notions of victimisation are underpinned by wider discourses in western societies that emphasise the vulnerability of individuals to risk and danger but also the importance of approaching the world as an active, entrepreneurial subject who refuses the victim status.

scholarly journals The interaction of theater and cinematography in Uzbekistan culture in the first half of the xx century

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Amina Azizova
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Scientific Problem ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Image Type ◽  
Creative Life

The form, typology, essence and causes of the interaction between theater and cinema in the world is one of the priorities in the field, and a number of scientific studies have been conducted on the subject. In world experience, during the development of cinematography, it has been used the help of theatrical figures in overcoming the problems of acting, directing and dramaturgy. The study of theater and cinema as the main types of artistic worldview, in which the relationship between the two independent arts, exchanges of actors, process of interaction, individual characteristics were assessed, and it was considered as a new phenomenon. The article studies issues, causes and factors of influence of the same process in 1920–1930. The interaction of Uzbek theater and cinema, the study of creative ties, see it as a scientific problem has attracted attention in recent years. The article examines the role of Uzbek stage leaders in the development of screen art as a separate process, as well as the phenomenon of interaction between theater and cinema. The author explores a new creative life, a biography of a stage actor in cinema, opened for theater actors on the eve of the twentieth century. The art of filmmaking, which has been fighting for the actor for half a century, studies on facts that have attracted theater performers. Theatrical art has proven to be a model for cinematography in terms of decorating, makeup, music, lighting, and acting. Keywords: theater, actor, cinema, director, genre, image, type, role, phenomenon, screen art, character.

scholarly journals The phenomenon of suffering of the righteous in the Orthodox thought of God

2000 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
N. I. Kavunenko
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The World

The problem of the existence of suffering in the world originally disturbed people. Particular attention is paid to it in the twentieth century, when the negative states of human life in the world become global.

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