scholarly journals FORMATION OF URBAN PUBLIC SPACES IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF POSTMODERNISM

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Olena Oliynyk
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
City Image ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The One

The article deals with the most characteristic features of postmodernism in architecture and in the formation of urban spaces. Postmodernism in architecture was involved as a solution that would combine the rationality and feasibility of modernism with artistic and design solutions. However, in the postmodern era, the urban environment is gradually losing its historical memory, its importance as an anthropological category and as a place of identity identification. Urban centers are turning into purely commercial theme parks for tourists. Postmodern space is an urban structure formed by signs that meet the demands of society. The Postmodern City Image is a conglomerate of ideas and images built with the help of visual personality memory. Rem Koolhaas calls this phenomenon a «Junkspace»,  built as a conglomeration of ideas, concepts and dreams. This space is designed to please people thanks to whimsical and exaggerated elements: neon, casinos and buildings that combine architectural elements of any age with the intention to create a new architectural style. Las Vegas is a hypertrophied example of a postmodern city. Its urban landscape leaves facades and walls aside, replacing them with signs and symbols. Such a symbolic place becomes timeless, unrealistic and transit, not intended for everyday life. Space and time in such a city lose their essence. Urban space brings together different elements from other historical, artistic and cultural eras to interpret them as reflecting modernity. The value of images copied from historical reality becomes more important than reality itself. Humanity regards this unreal world as an idealized model of society, parallel to the one that actually exists, more attractive and interesting. Thus, the very essence of the architecture, the meaning of which is replaced by temporary advertising symbols, is lost.

scholarly journals TIGHT OR FLEXIBLE? THE DEGREE OF DETAIL OF LOCAL LAW REGULATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON A QUALITY OF URBAN SPACE – SELECTED CASES FROM POZNAN

space&FORM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (46) ◽  
pp. 165-186
Author(s):  
Wojciech Skórzewski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Local Law ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

Local spatial development plans, are one of the most important urban landscaping tools. Their goal is, on the one hand, to protect urban space including, inter alia, prevention of creation of illconsidered developments, that are bad to the urban landscape, the environment or the local communities. For this purpose, there is a number of restrictions introduced into local spatial development plans. On the other hand, the role of local plans is also creating the space, so they should be conducive to projects with high-quality architecture, that are often unconventional and innovative, adding new value to the architectural landscape of the city, which could be blocked by too strict regulations. The trick is to create regulations in a way that can help reconcile that two goals.

scholarly journals A SPATIAL SEMIOTICS OF ANCIENT URBAN AREAS AS A RESOURCE FOR SOCIOCULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF A REGION AT THE EXAMPLE OF THE VOLOGDA REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
С.С. Касаткина
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Vologda Region ◽  
Sociocultural Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mental Space

В статье предложен дискурс определения понятия «древний город», введено авторское значение понятия «семиотическое пространство древнего города», рассмотрены семиокоды города как элементы урбосферы. В исследовании применены историко-культурный, визуально-семиотический методы, обоснован системно-семиотический подход изучения древнего города, связанный с пониманием трех элементов урбосферы: концепта (историческое значение древнего города), структуры (социальная жизнь горожан) и субстрата (физическое и ментальное пространство — городской ландшафт). Основу данной публикации составил анализ субстратных значений древнего города как ресурса его развития, основанный на изучении семиотических пространств городов Вологодской области. Выявлено, что историческая память города, его материальный и ментальный ландшафт и уникальный визуальный образ являются ключевыми семиокодами древних поселений, на основе которых возможно эффективное конструирование социокультурного развития любого региона страны. Автор предлагает перспективные направления работы с пространством старинных городов России на примере внимания к семиотическому пространству городов Вологодской области, способствующие активному социокультурному развитию их территорий. The article defines the concept of “ancient urban areas” and comments on the author’s perception of spatial semiotics of ancient settlements. It also treats urban semiotic conventions as elements of urban space. The research employs historical-cultural, visual-semiotic and systemic-semiotic approaches in order to investigate such elements of urban space as concepts (history of ancient urban areas), structures (urban dwellers’ social life), and substrates (physical and mental space, urban landscape). The article analyzes the substrate of ancient settlements as a resource for sociocultural development based on the investigation of spatial semiotics of urban areas of the Vologda Region. The article maintains that the historical memory of an urban area, its material and mental landscape, its unique visual image are key semiotic conventions which may be used to efficiently promote sociocultural development of a region. The author speaks about some promising avenues for processing the spatial semiotics of ancient Russian settlements promoting their sociocultural development.

Lifestyle diseases: Health in the contemporary city

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-35
Author(s):  
T. S. Martynenko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The One ◽  
Lifestyle Diseases

The article presents an overview of studies of the factors that affect health in the contemporary city. The increase in the urban population makes it necessary to analyze factors (environmental, social, etc.) and features of the urban structure in terms of their impact on the quality and standards of living. However, assessments of the city in the study of healthy lifestyle are contradictory. On the one hand, researchers emphasize the availability of medical care, effective fight against infectious diseases, and numerous attempts to transform the visual urban space. On the other hand, researchers stress the spatial inequality of the urban structure (for example, in access to health care), the spread of noncommunicable and lifestyle diseases in cities, the destruction of social ties and the problem of loneliness. Therefore, it is necessary to systematize the current research, identify the main risks of urban lifestyle, and discuss the role of social sciences in such interdisciplinary studies. The proposed typology of health research in the contemporary city is based on Yu.P. Lisitsyns ratio of factors that determine the level of health. Although many studies claim an integrated approach, the analysis showed that most of them present one of three approaches: the study of sanitary-hygienic features of the urban space (or its medical aspects); the study of ecology and architecture of the urban space; the study of social-psychological features of the urban lifestyle. The systematization of the main risks of the urban lifestyle allowed the author to identify the priority areas of its study. Thus, based on the features of the covid-19 pandemic in cities, the author argues that there is a need for more active participation of sociologists in the discussion of both infectious and non-communicable diseases, which should focus on social factors of their spread, course, prevention and control.

From socialist to post-socialist cities: Narrating the nation through urban space

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Diener ◽  
Joshua Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Major Field ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Forces

The development of post-socialist cities has emerged as a major field of study among critical theorists from across the social sciences. Originally constructed under the dictates of central planners and designed to serve the demands of command economies, post-socialist urban centers currently develop at the nexus of varied and often competing economic, cultural, and political forces. Among these, nationalist aspirations, previously simmering beneath the official rhetoric of communist fraternity and veneer of architectural conformity, have emerged as dominant factors shaping the urban landscape. This article examines patterns, processes, and practices concerning the cultural politics of architecture, urban planning, and identity in the post-socialist city. In addition to assessing the main contours of this burgeoning field of research, this article highlights how this special issue ofNationalities Paperscontributes to a broader understanding of contemporary cultural and political change in post-socialist urban settings.

scholarly journals Preserving and Promoting Colonial Architecture

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-150
Author(s):  
Le Minh Son ◽  
Linh Ngoc Thao Dang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
The Public ◽  
Visual Identity ◽  
Colonial Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
Architectural Preservation ◽  
Constant Growth

Da Nang’s urban landscape reveals more than a half century of colonization and French presence on its territory. The buildings carry the imprint of the colonial experience, as they were once considered a symbol of domination, linking Da Nang to the global history of colonization. After years of independence and reconstruction, the public attitude towards French colonial heritage has changed. Despite its roots and historical origins, today, French colonial architecture is engrained into the collective understanding of Da Nang’s urban landscape and has shaped the local visual identity of the urban space. More importantly perhaps, this architectural style contributes to the city’s connection with cultural tourism, an important tool for economic development. As Da Nang is on a path of constant growth, this paper engages with issues around architectural preservation of built colonial heritage, in terms of both the values of preservation, and the challenges it presents for contemporary urban planning.

scholarly journals “MY GREAT-GRANDFATHER WOULD NOT HAVE RECOGNIZED HIS CITY”: THE IMAGE OF EKATERINBURG / SVERDLOVSK IN THE LITERATURE OF THE URALS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1940S

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Maria A. Litovskaya ◽  
◽  
Yulia S. Nekrasova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
The Urals ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

The paper considers the image of Ekaterinburg / Sverdlovsk in the 1940s Urals literature. It analyzes the content of the literary and artistic almanac “The Ural Contemporary” (1949), dedicated to the anniversary of Sverdlovsk, the novel by I. I. Likstanov “Green Stone” (1949), poems by E. E. Khorinskaya and others. The characteristic features of the image of the “capital of the Urals” in literature for adults and children are highlighted. The changes that have occurred in depicting of Sverdlovsk in comparison with the previous periods are noted. With a limited list of depicted urban loci, constant mention in various texts of the same key figures and events of urban history in the post-war period, the emphasis is shifted to the image of Ekaterinburg / Sverdlovsk as a city not only with a rich history, but also with a heterogeneous, complex socio-cultural environment. Based on the literary analysis the authors conclude that, although the portrayal of Ekaterinburg / Sverdlovsk saved previously formed images of the city-worker, factory-city, the center of economic life of the mining region, special attention in the second half of the 1940s is beginning to give to the beauty to the urban landscape, the convenience of urban living, the dynamics of urban development. The action in the texts is carried out from apartments and factory shops to the streets, the characters are depicted not only in situations of heroic work and everyday survival, but as ordinary citizens, even idle flankers who notice the quality of their place of residence. It is concluded that such a significant change in the image of Ekaterinburg / Sverdlovsk is associated, on the one hand, with changes in notion of the previous stages of the history of the city, on the other hand, with the desire of the Sverdlovsk Writers’ Organization to prove its self-sufficiency.

scholarly journals 3D Spatial Development of Historic Urban Landscape to Promote a Historical Spatial Data System

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Herry Santosa ◽  
Syamsun Ramli ◽  
Faisal Bahar
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Data System ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Data Types

Spatial experience in historical street corridors is essential to encourage a continuously satisfying experience of a historical aesthetic leading to a better quality of the historic urban landscape, which is significant for making precious memory of the city's history. 3D spatial formation along the historic street corridor fosters the generation of historical memory of the urban space. Both tangible and intangible aspects attached to the historic street corridors' spatial configuration have significant meaning that forms the integrity of the valuable historical urban space. The research area is in Kayutangan street as one of the historical street corridors in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia. The study aims to develop the historical spatial data system of the Kayutangan corridor to construct an online digital spatial database and enforce it as a policy decision reference by the government in managing the urban development in historical areas, especially in the Kayutangan street corridors. The 3D spatial development of historic urban landscape performed the combination of 3D modeling software, 3D visualization software, and 3D spatial multimedia application authoring platforms. The collaboration of three systems generated three spatial data types, namely a 3D spatial-passive observation data, a 3D spatial-active observation data, and 3D spatial-interactive simulation data. As a result, this study produces 3D spatial multimedia contained the 3D spatial of historical data of Kayutangan streetscape, which performs as a historical spatial data system to reference the smart development of cultural tourism and heritage cities in Malang.

scholarly journals Urban Connectivity: Elements for an Identification of Bir El Bey’s Preferential Landscapes

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Asma Rejeb Bouzgarrou ◽  
Yasmine Attia Ben Cherifa ◽  
Christophe Claramunt ◽  
Hichem Rejeb
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Configurational Analysis ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
The City

An urban landscape can be considered as a background environment that influences humans’ movements at various scales in the city. This research is oriented to the study of the interactions between urban forest patches and their degree of influence and attractions on humans’ behaviors and interactions. The objective is to evaluate the relations between individuals’ movements and the city space nearby natural landscapes, and also to question spatial practices in the city. Forest patches are modelled according to a structural approach at the city level, while Space syntax principles have been applied and compared to in situ movements as experimentally observed. A statistical analysis complements the configurational analysis by highlighting correlations between structural properties and human movements. The whole approach is applied to the Bir El Bey Forest of the Tunisian city of Hammam Chatt in order to explore the interaction between the built and natural landscapes at different levels of scale. The findings exhibit the respective effects of the urban network and natural landscape on the urban space, and how such spaces are appropriated by Hammam Chatt inhabitants and users. Finally, the results propose a generic framework analysis for the study of the relations between humans and urban structure and landscape preferences and that offers novel perspectives for urban planning.

scholarly journals Urban space recovery. Landscape-beneficial solutions in new estates built in post-industrial and post-military areas in Bristol, Poznań and Gdańsk

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Raszeja ◽  
Joanna Badach
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Compact City ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable ◽  
Housing Estates

Abstract The limitation of territorial expansion and the implementation of the idea of a compact city are generally accepted paradigms of spatial development of contemporary cities. In consequence, actions are taken to improve the quality of city landscape and revitalise vacant areas. This study approaches the process of city regeneration as transformation and supplementation of the existing urban structure as well as creation of multifunctional, structurally, socially and ecologically sustainable spaces. The article presents the problem of creation of new-inner city residential areas. The study was conducted on three housing estates located in post-industrial and post-military areas: Harbourside Development in Bristol (UK), City Park and Ułańskie Estate in Poznań (Poland) and Browar Gdański in Gdańsk (Poland). The article includes analyses of relations between the estates and their surroundings, spatial structure parameters and architectural, urban and scenic characteristics. It includes assessment of the legibility, consistency, diversity and quality of the urban landscape.

scholarly journals HISTORICAL MEMORY IN URBAN SPACE: PARADOXES OF CHURCH AND POLITICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF NATIONAL HOLY PLACES IN RUSSIA AND UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-155
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Musin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Memory ◽  
Holy Places ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Construction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Church

The article gives an analysis of the history of the reconstruction and building of iconic churches of Ukraine and Russia: the Church of the Tithes, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, the Dormition Cathedral of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra and the St. Michael’s Golden-Domed Monastery, which are national shrines. The author offers the method of understanding of socio-political queries and evolution of historical memory embodied in architectural images and restoration ideas. It is substantiated that the process of reconstruction of destroyed temples reflects not so much to the religious renaissance in Eastern Europe, as the interests of the state and politicians in manipulating historical memory. An important factor is the interests of business and the ambitions of the creative intelligentsia. There is a contradiction between the ideology of reproduction as a new construction in the historic sense and the principles of scientific restoration, whose purpose is to preserve the authenticity of the monument as a means of attaching to the past. The newly-created dominants roughly invade the urban landscape that emerged during the twentieth century and causes disillusionment among the public. Similar buildings are regarded as «novodel» and «simulacres» and conflict with the understanding of national history and religious needs. The differences in the process of reproduction of temples in Ukraine and Russia are emphasized at the level of conceptual ideas, interests, expected and real results. They are explained by the difference between Russian political monopoly and Ukrainian social corporatism. The concept of «symmetrical restoration» and the religious-confessional neutrality of places of national memory as a factor of maintaining public peace and tranquillity is proposed and substantiated.

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